| Message ID | 20201210194045.250321315@linutronix.de (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| State | New, archived |
| Headers | show |
| Series | genirq: Treewide hunt for irq descriptor abuse and assorted fixes | expand |
On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: > All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for > percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding > cpumask. That does not make sense. > > The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a > single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored > in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask > which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. > > Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN > level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt > affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will > be updated. If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. -boris > Only keep the enforcement for real percpu interrupts.
On Thu, Dec 10 2020 at 18:20, boris ostrovsky wrote: > On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >> cpumask. That does not make sense. >> >> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >> >> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >> be updated. > > If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and > instead bind at startup time. I was wondering about that, but my knowledge about the Xen internal requirements is pretty limited. The current set at least survived basic testing by Jürgen. Thanks, tglx
On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: > > On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >> cpumask. That does not make sense. >> >> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >> >> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >> be updated. > > > If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. This binding to cpu0 was introduced with commit 97253eeeb792d61ed2 and I have no reason to believe the underlying problem has been eliminated. Juergen
On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 07:17, Jürgen Groß wrote: > On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: >> >> On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >>> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >>> cpumask. That does not make sense. >>> >>> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >>> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >>> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >>> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >>> >>> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >>> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >>> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >>> be updated. >> >> >> If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. > > This binding to cpu0 was introduced with commit 97253eeeb792d61ed2 > and I have no reason to believe the underlying problem has been > eliminated. "The kernel-side VCPU binding was not being correctly set for newly allocated or bound interdomain events. In ARM guests where 2-level events were used, this would result in no interdomain events being handled because the kernel-side VCPU masks would all be clear. x86 guests would work because the irq affinity was set during irq setup and this would set the correct kernel-side VCPU binding." I'm not convinced that this is really correctly analyzed because affinity setting is done at irq startup. switch (__irq_startup_managed(desc, aff, force)) { case IRQ_STARTUP_NORMAL: ret = __irq_startup(desc); irq_setup_affinity(desc); break; which is completely architecture agnostic. So why should this magically work on x86 and not on ARM if both are using the same XEN irqchip with the same irqchip callbacks. Thanks, tglx
On 11.12.20 11:13, Thomas Gleixner wrote: > On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 07:17, Jürgen Groß wrote: >> On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: >>> >>> On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>>> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >>>> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >>>> cpumask. That does not make sense. >>>> >>>> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >>>> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >>>> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >>>> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >>>> >>>> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >>>> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >>>> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >>>> be updated. >>> >>> >>> If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. >> >> This binding to cpu0 was introduced with commit 97253eeeb792d61ed2 >> and I have no reason to believe the underlying problem has been >> eliminated. > > "The kernel-side VCPU binding was not being correctly set for newly > allocated or bound interdomain events. In ARM guests where 2-level > events were used, this would result in no interdomain events being > handled because the kernel-side VCPU masks would all be clear. > > x86 guests would work because the irq affinity was set during irq > setup and this would set the correct kernel-side VCPU binding." > > I'm not convinced that this is really correctly analyzed because affinity > setting is done at irq startup. > > switch (__irq_startup_managed(desc, aff, force)) { > case IRQ_STARTUP_NORMAL: > ret = __irq_startup(desc); > irq_setup_affinity(desc); > break; > > which is completely architecture agnostic. So why should this magically > work on x86 and not on ARM if both are using the same XEN irqchip with > the same irqchip callbacks. I think this might be related to _initial_ cpu binding of events and changing the binding later. This might be handled differently in the hypervisor. Juergen
On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: > > On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >> cpumask. That does not make sense. >> >> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >> >> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >> be updated. > > > If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. After some discussion with Thomas on IRC and xen-devel archaeology the result is: this will be needed especially for systems running on a single vcpu (e.g. small guests), as the .irq_set_affinity() callback won't be called in this case when starting the irq. Juergen
On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 13:10, Jürgen Groß wrote: > On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: >> >> On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >>> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >>> cpumask. That does not make sense. >>> >>> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >>> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >>> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >>> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >>> >>> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >>> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >>> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >>> be updated. >> >> >> If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. > > After some discussion with Thomas on IRC and xen-devel archaeology the > result is: this will be needed especially for systems running on a > single vcpu (e.g. small guests), as the .irq_set_affinity() callback > won't be called in this case when starting the irq. That's right, but not limited to ARM. The same problem exists on x86 UP. So yes, the call makes sense, but the changelog is not really useful. Let me add a comment to this. Thanks, tglx
On 12/11/20 7:37 AM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: > On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 13:10, Jürgen Groß wrote: >> On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: >>> On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>>> All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for >>>> percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding >>>> cpumask. That does not make sense. >>>> >>>> The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a >>>> single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored >>>> in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask >>>> which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. >>>> >>>> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >>>> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >>>> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >>>> be updated. >>> >>> If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. >> After some discussion with Thomas on IRC and xen-devel archaeology the >> result is: this will be needed especially for systems running on a >> single vcpu (e.g. small guests), as the .irq_set_affinity() callback >> won't be called in this case when starting the irq. On UP are we not then going to end up with an empty affinity mask? Or are we guaranteed to have it set to 1 by interrupt generic code? This is actually why I brought this up in the first place --- a potential mismatch between the affinity mask and Xen-specific data (e.g. info->cpu and then protocol-specific data in event channel code). Even if they are re-synchronized later, at startup time (for SMP). I don't see anything that would cause a problem right now but I worry that this inconsistency may come up at some point. -boris > That's right, but not limited to ARM. The same problem exists on x86 UP. > So yes, the call makes sense, but the changelog is not really useful. > Let me add a comment to this. > > Thanks, > > tglx >
On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 09:29, boris ostrovsky wrote: > On 12/11/20 7:37 AM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >> On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 13:10, Jürgen Groß wrote: >>> On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: >>>> On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>>>> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >>>>> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >>>>> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >>>>> be updated. >>>> >>>> If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. >>> After some discussion with Thomas on IRC and xen-devel archaeology the >>> result is: this will be needed especially for systems running on a >>> single vcpu (e.g. small guests), as the .irq_set_affinity() callback >>> won't be called in this case when starting the irq. > > On UP are we not then going to end up with an empty affinity mask? Or > are we guaranteed to have it set to 1 by interrupt generic code? An UP kernel does not ever look on the affinity mask. The chip::irq_set_affinity() callback is not invoked so the mask is irrelevant. A SMP kernel on a UP machine sets CPU0 in the mask so all is good. > This is actually why I brought this up in the first place --- a > potential mismatch between the affinity mask and Xen-specific data > (e.g. info->cpu and then protocol-specific data in event channel > code). Even if they are re-synchronized later, at startup time (for > SMP). Which is not a problem either. The affinity mask is only relevant for setting the affinity, but it's not relevant for delivery and never can be. > I don't see anything that would cause a problem right now but I worry > that this inconsistency may come up at some point. As long as the affinity mask becomes not part of the event channel magic this should never matter. Look at it from hardware: interrupt is affine to CPU0 CPU0 runs: set_affinity(CPU0 -> CPU1) local_irq_disable() --> interrupt is raised in hardware and pending on CPU0 irq hardware is reconfigured to be affine to CPU1 local_irq_enable() --> interrupt is handled on CPU0 the next interrupt will be raised on CPU1 So info->cpu which is registered via the hypercall binds the 'hardware delivery' and whenever the new affinity is written it is rebound to some other CPU and the next interrupt is then raised on this other CPU. It's not any different from the hardware example at least not as far as I understood the code. Thanks, tglx
On 11/12/2020 21:27, Thomas Gleixner wrote: > On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 09:29, boris ostrovsky wrote: > >> On 12/11/20 7:37 AM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>> On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 13:10, Jürgen Groß wrote: >>>> On 11.12.20 00:20, boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com wrote: >>>>> On 12/10/20 2:26 PM, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >>>>>> Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN >>>>>> level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt >>>>>> affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will >>>>>> be updated. >>>>> If that's the case then I wonder whether we need this call at all and instead bind at startup time. >>>> After some discussion with Thomas on IRC and xen-devel archaeology the >>>> result is: this will be needed especially for systems running on a >>>> single vcpu (e.g. small guests), as the .irq_set_affinity() callback >>>> won't be called in this case when starting the irq. >> On UP are we not then going to end up with an empty affinity mask? Or >> are we guaranteed to have it set to 1 by interrupt generic code? > An UP kernel does not ever look on the affinity mask. The > chip::irq_set_affinity() callback is not invoked so the mask is > irrelevant. > > A SMP kernel on a UP machine sets CPU0 in the mask so all is good. > >> This is actually why I brought this up in the first place --- a >> potential mismatch between the affinity mask and Xen-specific data >> (e.g. info->cpu and then protocol-specific data in event channel >> code). Even if they are re-synchronized later, at startup time (for >> SMP). > Which is not a problem either. The affinity mask is only relevant for > setting the affinity, but it's not relevant for delivery and never can > be. > >> I don't see anything that would cause a problem right now but I worry >> that this inconsistency may come up at some point. > As long as the affinity mask becomes not part of the event channel magic > this should never matter. > > Look at it from hardware: > > interrupt is affine to CPU0 > > CPU0 runs: > > set_affinity(CPU0 -> CPU1) > local_irq_disable() > > --> interrupt is raised in hardware and pending on CPU0 > > irq hardware is reconfigured to be affine to CPU1 > > local_irq_enable() > > --> interrupt is handled on CPU0 > > the next interrupt will be raised on CPU1 > > So info->cpu which is registered via the hypercall binds the 'hardware > delivery' and whenever the new affinity is written it is rebound to some > other CPU and the next interrupt is then raised on this other CPU. > > It's not any different from the hardware example at least not as far as > I understood the code. Xen's event channels do have a couple of quirks. Binding an event channel always results in one spurious event being delivered. This is to cover notifications which can get lost during the bidirectional setup, or re-setups in certain configurations. Binding an interdomain or pirq event channel always defaults to vCPU0. There is no way to atomically set the affinity while binding. I believe the API predates SMP guest support in Xen, and noone has fixed it up since. As a consequence, the guest will observe the event raised on vCPU0 as part of setting up the event, even if it attempts to set a different affinity immediately afterwards. A little bit of care needs to be taken when binding an event channel on vCPUs other than 0, to ensure that the callback is safe with respect to any remaining state needing initialisation. Beyond this, there is nothing magic I'm aware of. We have seen soft lockups before in certain scenarios, simply due to the quantity of events hitting vCPU0 before irqbalance gets around to spreading the load. This is why there is an attempt to round-robin the userspace event channel affinities by default, but I still don't see why this would need custom affinity logic itself. Thanks, ~Andrew
Andrew, On Fri, Dec 11 2020 at 22:21, Andrew Cooper wrote: > On 11/12/2020 21:27, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >> It's not any different from the hardware example at least not as far as >> I understood the code. > > Xen's event channels do have a couple of quirks. Why am I not surprised? > Binding an event channel always results in one spurious event being > delivered. This is to cover notifications which can get lost during the > bidirectional setup, or re-setups in certain configurations. > > Binding an interdomain or pirq event channel always defaults to vCPU0. > There is no way to atomically set the affinity while binding. I believe > the API predates SMP guest support in Xen, and noone has fixed it up > since. That's fine. I'm not changing that. What I'm changing is the unwanted and unnecessary overwriting of the actual affinity mask. We have a similar issue on real hardware where we can only target _one_ CPU and not all CPUs in the affinity mask. So we still can preserve the (user) requested mask and just affine it to one CPU which is reflected in the effective affinity mask. This the right thing to do for two reasons: 1) It allows proper interrupt distribution 2) It does not break (user) requested affinity when the effective target CPU goes offline and the affinity mask still contains online CPUs. If you overwrite it you lost track of the requested broader mask. > As a consequence, the guest will observe the event raised on vCPU0 as > part of setting up the event, even if it attempts to set a different > affinity immediately afterwards. A little bit of care needs to be taken > when binding an event channel on vCPUs other than 0, to ensure that the > callback is safe with respect to any remaining state needing > initialisation. That's preserved for all non percpu interrupts. The percpu variant of VIRQ and IPIs did binding to vCPU != 0 already before this change. > Beyond this, there is nothing magic I'm aware of. > > We have seen soft lockups before in certain scenarios, simply due to the > quantity of events hitting vCPU0 before irqbalance gets around to > spreading the load. This is why there is an attempt to round-robin the > userspace event channel affinities by default, but I still don't see why > this would need custom affinity logic itself. Just the previous attempt makes no sense for the reasons I outlined in the changelog. So now with this new spreading mechanics you get the distribution for all cases: 1) Post setup using and respecting the default affinity mask which can be set as a kernel commandline parameter. 2) Runtime (user) requested affinity change with a mask which contains more than one vCPU. The previous logic always chose the first one in the mask. So assume userspace affines 4 irqs to a CPU 0-3 and 4 irqs to CPU 4-7 then 4 irqs end up on CPU0 and 4 on CPU4 The new algorithm which is similar to what we have on x86 (minus the vector space limitation) picks the CPU which has the least number of channels affine to it at that moment. If e.g. all 8 CPUs have the same number of vectors before that change then in the example above the first 4 are spread to CPU0-3 and the second 4 to CPU4-7 Thanks, tglx
--- a/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c +++ b/drivers/xen/events/events_base.c @@ -433,15 +433,20 @@ static bool pirq_needs_eoi_flag(unsigned return info->u.pirq.flags & PIRQ_NEEDS_EOI; } -static void bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn_port_t evtchn, unsigned int cpu) +static void bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn_port_t evtchn, unsigned int cpu, + bool force_affinity) { int irq = get_evtchn_to_irq(evtchn); struct irq_info *info = info_for_irq(irq); BUG_ON(irq == -1); -#ifdef CONFIG_SMP - cpumask_copy(irq_get_affinity_mask(irq), cpumask_of(cpu)); -#endif + + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) && force_affinity) { + cpumask_copy(irq_get_affinity_mask(irq), cpumask_of(cpu)); + cpumask_copy(irq_get_effective_affinity_mask(irq), + cpumask_of(cpu)); + } + xen_evtchn_port_bind_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu, info->cpu); info->cpu = cpu; @@ -788,7 +793,7 @@ static unsigned int __startup_pirq(unsig goto err; info->evtchn = evtchn; - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, 0); + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, 0, false); rc = xen_evtchn_port_setup(evtchn); if (rc) @@ -1107,8 +1112,8 @@ static int bind_evtchn_to_irq_chip(evtch irq = ret; goto out; } - /* New interdomain events are bound to VCPU 0. */ - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, 0); + /* New interdomain events are initially bound to VCPU 0. */ + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, 0, false); } else { struct irq_info *info = info_for_irq(irq); WARN_ON(info == NULL || info->type != IRQT_EVTCHN); @@ -1156,7 +1161,11 @@ static int bind_ipi_to_irq(unsigned int irq = ret; goto out; } - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu); + /* + * Force the affinity mask to the target CPU so proc shows + * the correct target. + */ + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu, true); } else { struct irq_info *info = info_for_irq(irq); WARN_ON(info == NULL || info->type != IRQT_IPI); @@ -1269,7 +1278,11 @@ int bind_virq_to_irq(unsigned int virq, goto out; } - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu); + /* + * Force the affinity mask for percpu interrupts so proc + * shows the correct target. + */ + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu, percpu); } else { struct irq_info *info = info_for_irq(irq); WARN_ON(info == NULL || info->type != IRQT_VIRQ); @@ -1634,8 +1647,7 @@ void rebind_evtchn_irq(evtchn_port_t evt mutex_unlock(&irq_mapping_update_lock); - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, info->cpu); - irq_set_affinity(irq, cpumask_of(info->cpu)); + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, info->cpu, false); /* Unmask the event channel. */ enable_irq(irq); @@ -1669,7 +1681,7 @@ static int xen_rebind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtc * it, but don't do the xenlinux-level rebind in that case. */ if (HYPERVISOR_event_channel_op(EVTCHNOP_bind_vcpu, &bind_vcpu) >= 0) - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, tcpu); + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, tcpu, false); if (!masked) unmask_evtchn(evtchn); @@ -1798,7 +1810,8 @@ static void restore_cpu_virqs(unsigned i /* Record the new mapping. */ (void)xen_irq_info_virq_setup(cpu, irq, evtchn, virq); - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu); + /* The affinity mask is still valid */ + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu, false); } } @@ -1823,7 +1836,8 @@ static void restore_cpu_ipis(unsigned in /* Record the new mapping. */ (void)xen_irq_info_ipi_setup(cpu, irq, evtchn, ipi); - bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu); + /* The affinity mask is still valid */ + bind_evtchn_to_cpu(evtchn, cpu, false); } }
All event channel setups bind the interrupt on CPU0 or the target CPU for percpu interrupts and overwrite the affinity mask with the corresponding cpumask. That does not make sense. The XEN implementation of irqchip::irq_set_affinity() already picks a single target CPU out of the affinity mask and the actual target is stored in the effective CPU mask, so destroying the user chosen affinity mask which might contain more than one CPU is wrong. Change the implementation so that the channel is bound to CPU0 at the XEN level and leave the affinity mask alone. At startup of the interrupt affinity will be assigned out of the affinity mask and the XEN binding will be updated. Only keep the enforcement for real percpu interrupts. On resume the overwrite is not required either because info->cpu and the affinity mask are still the same as at the time of suspend. Same for rebind_evtchn_irq(). This also prepares for proper interrupt spreading. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Cc: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Cc: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org> Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org --- drivers/xen/events/events_base.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)