[v17,3/9] mm: hugetlb: free the vmemmap pages associated with each HugeTLB page

Commit Message

Muchun Song Feb. 25, 2021, 1:21 p.m. UTC

Every HugeTLB has more than one struct page structure. We __know__ that
we only use the first 4(HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER) struct page structures
to store metadata associated with each HugeTLB.

There are a lot of struct page structures associated with each HugeTLB
page. For tail pages, the value of compound_head is the same. So we can
reuse first page of tail page structures. We map the virtual addresses
of the remaining pages of tail page structures to the first tail page
struct, and then free these page frames. Therefore, we need to reserve
two pages as vmemmap areas.

When we allocate a HugeTLB page from the buddy, we can free some vmemmap
pages associated with each HugeTLB page. It is more appropriate to do it
in the prep_new_huge_page().

The free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(), which indicates how many vmemmap
pages associated with a HugeTLB page can be freed, returns zero for
now, which means the feature is disabled. We will enable it once all
the infrastructure is there.

Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <[e-mail]>
---
 include/linux/bootmem_info.h |  27 +++++-
 include/linux/mm.h           |   3 +
 mm/Makefile                  |   1 +
 mm/hugetlb.c                 |   3 +
 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c         | 219 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h         |  20 ++++
 mm/sparse-vmemmap.c          | 207 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 479 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
 create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h

Comments

Education Directorate March 4, 2021, 11:50 p.m. UTC | #1

On 26/2/21 12:21 am, Muchun Song wrote:
> Every HugeTLB has more than one struct page structure. We __know__ that
> we only use the first 4(HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER) struct page structures
> to store metadata associated with each HugeTLB.
> 
> There are a lot of struct page structures associated with each HugeTLB
> page. For tail pages, the value of compound_head is the same. So we can
> reuse first page of tail page structures. We map the virtual addresses
> of the remaining pages of tail page structures to the first tail page
> struct, and then free these page frames. Therefore, we need to reserve
> two pages as vmemmap areas.
> 
> When we allocate a HugeTLB page from the buddy, we can free some vmemmap
> pages associated with each HugeTLB page. It is more appropriate to do it
> in the prep_new_huge_page().
> 
> The free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(), which indicates how many vmemmap
> pages associated with a HugeTLB page can be freed, returns zero for
> now, which means the feature is disabled. We will enable it once all
> the infrastructure is there.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <[e-mail]>
> ---
>  include/linux/bootmem_info.h |  27 +++++-
>  include/linux/mm.h           |   3 +
>  mm/Makefile                  |   1 +
>  mm/hugetlb.c                 |   3 +
>  mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c         | 219 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h         |  20 ++++
>  mm/sparse-vmemmap.c          | 207 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  7 files changed, 479 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>  create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
>  create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/bootmem_info.h b/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
> index 4ed6dee1adc9..ec03a624dfa2 100644
> --- a/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
> +++ b/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
> @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
>  #ifndef __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H
>  #define __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H
>  
> -#include <linux/mmzone.h>
> +#include <linux/mm.h>
>  
>  /*
>   * Types for free bootmem stored in page->lru.next. These have to be in
> @@ -22,6 +22,27 @@ void __init register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat);
>  void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
>  		      unsigned long type);
>  void put_page_bootmem(struct page *page);
> +
> +/*
> + * Any memory allocated via the memblock allocator and not via the
> + * buddy will be marked reserved already in the memmap. For those
> + * pages, we can call this function to free it to buddy allocator.
> + */
> +static inline void free_bootmem_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	unsigned long magic = (unsigned long)page->freelist;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The reserve_bootmem_region sets the reserved flag on bootmem
> +	 * pages.
> +	 */
> +	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) != 2, page);
> +
> +	if (magic == SECTION_INFO || magic == MIX_SECTION_INFO)
> +		put_page_bootmem(page);
> +	else
> +		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(1, page);
> +}
>  #else
>  static inline void register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
>  {
> @@ -35,6 +56,10 @@ static inline void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
>  				    unsigned long type)
>  {
>  }
> +
> +static inline void free_bootmem_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +}
>  #endif
>  
>  #endif /* __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H */
> diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
> index 77e64e3eac80..4ddfc31f21c6 100644
> --- a/include/linux/mm.h
> +++ b/include/linux/mm.h
> @@ -2971,6 +2971,9 @@ static inline void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long rip)
>  }
>  #endif
>  
> +void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> +			unsigned long reuse);
> +
>  void *sparse_buffer_alloc(unsigned long size);
>  struct page * __populate_section_memmap(unsigned long pfn,
>  		unsigned long nr_pages, int nid, struct vmem_altmap *altmap);
> diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> index daabf86d7da8..3d7d57e3b55b 100644
> --- a/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/mm/Makefile
> @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_FRONTSWAP)	+= frontswap.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_ZSWAP)	+= zswap.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_DMA)	+= dmapool.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS)	+= hugetlb.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP)	+= hugetlb_vmemmap.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) 	+= mempolicy.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM)	+= sparse.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP) += sparse-vmemmap.o
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
> index c232cb67dda2..43fed6785322 100644
> --- a/mm/hugetlb.c
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
> @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
>  #include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
>  #include <linux/page_owner.h>
>  #include "internal.h"
> +#include "hugetlb_vmemmap.h"
>  
>  int hugetlb_max_hstate __read_mostly;
>  unsigned int default_hstate_idx;
> @@ -1463,6 +1464,8 @@ void free_huge_page(struct page *page)
>  
>  static void prep_new_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page, int nid)
>  {
> +	free_huge_page_vmemmap(h, page);
> +
>  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
>  	set_compound_page_dtor(page, HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR);
>  	set_hugetlb_cgroup(page, NULL);
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..0209b736e0b4
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Free some vmemmap pages of HugeTLB
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2020, Bytedance. All rights reserved.
> + *
> + *     Author: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
> + *
> + * The struct page structures (page structs) are used to describe a physical
> + * page frame. By default, there is a one-to-one mapping from a page frame to
> + * it's corresponding page struct.
> + *
> + * HugeTLB pages consist of multiple base page size pages and is supported by
> + * many architectures. See hugetlbpage.rst in the Documentation directory for
> + * more details. On the x86-64 architecture, HugeTLB pages of size 2MB and 1GB
> + * are currently supported. Since the base page size on x86 is 4KB, a 2MB
> + * HugeTLB page consists of 512 base pages and a 1GB HugeTLB page consists of
> + * 4096 base pages. For each base page, there is a corresponding page struct.
> + *
> + * Within the HugeTLB subsystem, only the first 4 page structs are used to
> + * contain unique information about a HugeTLB page. HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER
> + * provides this upper limit. The only 'useful' information in the remaining
> + * page structs is the compound_head field, and this field is the same for all
> + * tail pages.
> + *
> + * By removing redundant page structs for HugeTLB pages, memory can be returned
> + * to the buddy allocator for other uses.
> + *
> + * Different architectures support different HugeTLB pages. For example, the
> + * following table is the HugeTLB page size supported by x86 and arm64
> + * architectures. Because arm64 supports 4k, 16k, and 64k base pages and
> + * supports contiguous entries, so it supports many kinds of sizes of HugeTLB
> + * page.
> + *
> + * +--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+
> + * | Architecture | Page Size |                HugeTLB Page Size              |
> + * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> + * |    x86-64    |    4KB    |    2MB    |    1GB    |           |           |
> + * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> + * |              |    4KB    |   64KB    |    2MB    |    32MB   |    1GB    |
> + * |              +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> + * |    arm64     |   16KB    |    2MB    |   32MB    |     1GB   |           |
> + * |              +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> + * |              |   64KB    |    2MB    |  512MB    |    16GB   |           |
> + * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> + *
> + * When the system boot up, every HugeTLB page has more than one struct page
> + * structs which size is (unit: pages):
> + *
> + *    struct_size = HugeTLB_Size / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> + *
> + * Where HugeTLB_Size is the size of the HugeTLB page. We know that the size
> + * of the HugeTLB page is always n times PAGE_SIZE. So we can get the following
> + * relationship.
> + *
> + *    HugeTLB_Size = n * PAGE_SIZE
> + *
> + * Then,
> + *
> + *    struct_size = n * PAGE_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> + *                = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> + *
> + * We can use huge mapping at the pud/pmd level for the HugeTLB page.
> + *
> + * For the HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping, then
> + *
> + *    struct_size = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> + *                = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t) * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> + *                = sizeof(struct page) / sizeof(pte_t)
> + *                = 64 / 8
> + *                = 8 (pages)
> + *
> + * Where n is how many pte entries which one page can contains. So the value of
> + * n is (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t)).
> + *
> + * This optimization only supports 64-bit system, so the value of sizeof(pte_t)
> + * is 8. And this optimization also applicable only when the size of struct page
> + * is a power of two. In most cases, the size of struct page is 64 bytes (e.g.
> + * x86-64 and arm64). So if we use pmd level mapping for a HugeTLB page, the
> + * size of struct page structs of it is 8 page frames which size depends on the
> + * size of the base page.
> + *
> + * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping, then
> + *
> + *    struct_size = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pmd_t) * struct_size(pmd)
> + *                = PAGE_SIZE / 8 * 8 (pages)
> + *                = PAGE_SIZE (pages)
> + *
> + * Where the struct_size(pmd) is the size of the struct page structs of a
> + * HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping.
> + *
> + * E.g.: A 2MB HugeTLB page on x86_64 consists in 8 page frames while 1GB
> + * HugeTLB page consists in 4096.
> + *
> + * Next, we take the pmd level mapping of the HugeTLB page as an example to
> + * show the internal implementation of this optimization. There are 8 pages
> + * struct page structs associated with a HugeTLB page which is pmd mapped.
> + *
> + * Here is how things look before optimization.
> + *
> + *    HugeTLB                  struct pages(8 pages)         page frame(8 pages)
> + * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+   mapping to   +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     0     | -------------> |     0     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     1     | -------------> |     1     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     2     | -------------> |     2     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     3     | -------------> |     3     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     4     | -------------> |     4     |
> + * |    PMD    |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |   level   |                     |     5     | -------------> |     5     |
> + * |  mapping  |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     6     | -------------> |     6     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     7     | -------------> |     7     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |
> + * |           |
> + * |           |
> + * +-----------+
> + *
> + * The value of page->compound_head is the same for all tail pages. The first
> + * page of page structs (page 0) associated with the HugeTLB page contains the 4
> + * page structs necessary to describe the HugeTLB. The only use of the remaining
> + * pages of page structs (page 1 to page 7) is to point to page->compound_head.
> + * Therefore, we can remap pages 2 to 7 to page 1. Only 2 pages of page structs
> + * will be used for each HugeTLB page. This will allow us to free the remaining
> + * 6 pages to the buddy allocator.
> + *
> + * Here is how things look after remapping.
> + *
> + *    HugeTLB                  struct pages(8 pages)         page frame(8 pages)
> + * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+   mapping to   +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     0     | -------------> |     0     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     1     | -------------> |     1     |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> + * |           |                     |     2     | ----------------^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                   | | | | |
> + * |           |                     |     3     | ------------------+ | | | |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                     | | | |
> + * |           |                     |     4     | --------------------+ | | |
> + * |    PMD    |                     +-----------+                       | | |
> + * |   level   |                     |     5     | ----------------------+ | |
> + * |  mapping  |                     +-----------+                         | |
> + * |           |                     |     6     | ------------------------+ |
> + * |           |                     +-----------+                           |
> + * |           |                     |     7     | --------------------------+
> + * |           |                     +-----------+
> + * |           |
> + * |           |
> + * |           |
> + * +-----------+
> + *
> + * When a HugeTLB is freed to the buddy system, we should allocate 6 pages for
> + * vmemmap pages and restore the previous mapping relationship.
> + *
> + * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping. It is similar to the former.
> + * We also can use this approach to free (PAGE_SIZE - 2) vmemmap pages.
> + *
> + * Apart from the HugeTLB page of the pmd/pud level mapping, some architectures
> + * (e.g. aarch64) provides a contiguous bit in the translation table entries
> + * that hints to the MMU to indicate that it is one of a contiguous set of
> + * entries that can be cached in a single TLB entry.
> + *
> + * The contiguous bit is used to increase the mapping size at the pmd and pte
> + * (last) level. So this type of HugeTLB page can be optimized only when its
> + * size of the struct page structs is greater than 2 pages.
> + */
> +#include "hugetlb_vmemmap.h"
> +
> +/*
> + * There are a lot of struct page structures associated with each HugeTLB page.
> + * For tail pages, the value of compound_head is the same. So we can reuse first
> + * page of tail page structures. We map the virtual addresses of the remaining
> + * pages of tail page structures to the first tail page struct, and then free
> + * these page frames. Therefore, we need to reserve two pages as vmemmap areas.
> + */
> +#define RESERVE_VMEMMAP_NR		2U
> +#define RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE		(RESERVE_VMEMMAP_NR << PAGE_SHIFT)
> +
> +/*
> + * How many vmemmap pages associated with a HugeTLB page that can be freed
> + * to the buddy allocator.
> + *
> + * Todo: Returns zero for now, which means the feature is disabled. We will
> + * enable it once all the infrastructure is there.
> + */
> +static inline unsigned int free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
> +{
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static inline unsigned long free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
> +{
> +	return (unsigned long)free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h) << PAGE_SHIFT;
> +}
> +
> +void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
> +{
> +	unsigned long vmemmap_addr = (unsigned long)head;
> +	unsigned long vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse;
> +
> +	if (!free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h))
> +		return;
> +
> +	vmemmap_addr += RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE;
> +	vmemmap_end = vmemmap_addr + free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(h);
> +	vmemmap_reuse = vmemmap_addr - PAGE_SIZE;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end)
> +	 * to the page which @vmemmap_reuse is mapped to, then free the pages
> +	 * which the range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end] is mapped to.
> +	 */
> +	vmemmap_remap_free(vmemmap_addr, vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse);
> +}
> diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..6923f03534d5
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Free some vmemmap pages of HugeTLB
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2020, Bytedance. All rights reserved.
> + *
> + *     Author: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
> + */
> +#ifndef _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H
> +#define _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H
> +#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP
> +void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head);
> +#else
> +static inline void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
> +{
> +}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP */
> +#endif /* _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H */
> diff --git a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
> index 16183d85a7d5..d3076a7a3783 100644
> --- a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
> +++ b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
> @@ -27,8 +27,215 @@
>  #include <linux/spinlock.h>
>  #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
>  #include <linux/sched.h>
> +#include <linux/pgtable.h>
> +#include <linux/bootmem_info.h>
> +
>  #include <asm/dma.h>
>  #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
> +#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
> +
> +/**
> + * vmemmap_remap_walk - walk vmemmap page table
> + *
> + * @remap_pte:		called for each lowest-level entry (PTE).
> + * @reuse_page:		the page which is reused for the tail vmemmap pages.
> + * @reuse_addr:		the virtual address of the @reuse_page page.
> + * @vmemmap_pages:	the list head of the vmemmap pages that can be freed.
> + */
> +struct vmemmap_remap_walk {
> +	void (*remap_pte)(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
> +			  struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk);
> +	struct page *reuse_page;
> +	unsigned long reuse_addr;
> +	struct list_head *vmemmap_pages;
> +};
> +
> +static void vmemmap_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
> +			      unsigned long end,
> +			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> +{
> +	pte_t *pte;
> +
> +	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The reuse_page is found 'first' in table walk before we start
> +	 * remapping (which is calling @walk->remap_pte).
> +	 */
> +	if (!walk->reuse_page) {
> +		BUG_ON(pte_none(*pte));
> +		BUG_ON(walk->reuse_addr != addr);
> +
> +		walk->reuse_page = pte_page(*pte++);

The concurrency semantics of this code are not clear, do we need READ_ONCE()/
WRITE_ONCE() semantics if this page walk is lockless? Can we run this code
in parallel on the same section? I presume not

> +		/*
> +		 * Because the reuse address is part of the range that we are
> +		 * walking, skip the reuse address range.
> +		 */
> +		addr += PAGE_SIZE;
> +	}
> +
> +	for (; addr != end; addr += PAGE_SIZE, pte++) {
> +		BUG_ON(pte_none(*pte));
> +
> +		walk->remap_pte(pte, addr, walk);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static void vmemmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
> +			      unsigned long end,
> +			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> +{
> +	pmd_t *pmd;
> +	unsigned long next;
> +
> +	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
> +	do {
> +		BUG_ON(pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_leaf(*pmd));
> +
> +		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
> +		vmemmap_pte_range(pmd, addr, next, walk);
> +	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
> +}
> +
> +static void vmemmap_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
> +			      unsigned long end,
> +			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> +{
> +	pud_t *pud;
> +	unsigned long next;
> +
> +	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
> +	do {
> +		BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud));
> +
> +		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
> +		vmemmap_pmd_range(pud, addr, next, walk);
> +	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
> +}
> +
> +static void vmemmap_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
> +			      unsigned long end,
> +			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> +{
> +	p4d_t *p4d;
> +	unsigned long next;
> +
> +	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
> +	do {
> +		BUG_ON(p4d_none(*p4d));
> +
> +		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
> +		vmemmap_pud_range(p4d, addr, next, walk);
> +	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
> +}
> +
> +static void vmemmap_remap_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> +				struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> +{
> +	unsigned long addr = start;
> +	unsigned long next;
> +	pgd_t *pgd;
> +
> +	VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(start, PAGE_SIZE));
> +	VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(end, PAGE_SIZE));
> +
> +	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
> +	do {
> +		BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd));
> +
> +		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
> +		vmemmap_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, walk);
> +	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * We only change the mapping of the vmemmap virtual address range
> +	 * [@start + PAGE_SIZE, end), so we only need to flush the TLB which
> +	 * belongs to the range.
> +	 */
> +	flush_tlb_kernel_range(start + PAGE_SIZE, end);
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Free a vmemmap page. A vmemmap page can be allocated from the memblock
> + * allocator or buddy allocator. If the PG_reserved flag is set, it means
> + * that it allocated from the memblock allocator, just free it via the
> + * free_bootmem_page(). Otherwise, use __free_page().
> + */
> +static inline void free_vmemmap_page(struct page *page)
> +{
> +	if (PageReserved(page))
> +		free_bootmem_page(page);
> +	else
> +		__free_page(page);
> +}
> +
> +/* Free a list of the vmemmap pages */
> +static void free_vmemmap_page_list(struct list_head *list)
> +{
> +	struct page *page, *next;
> +
> +	list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, list, lru) {
> +		list_del(&page->lru);
> +		free_vmemmap_page(page);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static void vmemmap_remap_pte(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
> +			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> +{
> +	/*
> +	 * Remap the tail pages as read-only to catch illegal write operation
> +	 * to the tail pages.
> +	 */
> +	pgprot_t pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL_RO;
> +	pte_t entry = mk_pte(walk->reuse_page, pgprot);
> +	struct page *page = pte_page(*pte);
> +
> +	list_add(&page->lru, walk->vmemmap_pages);
> +	set_pte_at(&init_mm, addr, pte, entry);
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * vmemmap_remap_free - remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@start, @end)
> + *			to the page which @reuse is mapped to, then free vmemmap
> + *			which the range are mapped to.
> + * @start:	start address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want
> + *		to remap.
> + * @end:	end address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want to
> + *		remap.
> + * @reuse:	reuse address.
> + *
> + * Note: This function depends on vmemmap being base page mapped. Please make
> + * sure that we disable PMD mapping of vmemmap pages when calling this function.

This is something that the walking code enforces via BUG_ON's right?

> + */
> +void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> +			unsigned long reuse)
> +{
> +	LIST_HEAD(vmemmap_pages);
> +	struct vmemmap_remap_walk walk = {
> +		.remap_pte	= vmemmap_remap_pte,
> +		.reuse_addr	= reuse,
> +		.vmemmap_pages	= &vmemmap_pages,
> +	};
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * In order to make remapping routine most efficient for the huge pages,
> +	 * the routine of vmemmap page table walking has the following rules
> +	 * (see more details from the vmemmap_pte_range()):
> +	 *
> +	 * - The range [@start, @end) and the range [@reuse, @reuse + PAGE_SIZE)
> +	 *   should be continuous.
> +	 * - The @reuse address is part of the range [@reuse, @end) that we are
> +	 *   walking which is passed to vmemmap_remap_range().
> +	 * - The @reuse address is the first in the complete range.
> +	 *
> +	 * So we need to make sure that @start and @reuse meet the above rules.
> +	 */
> +	BUG_ON(start - reuse != PAGE_SIZE);

Why even take a reuse arg then, just set reuse = start - PAGE_SIZE? If we do that
we can rename the function to reflect that the second page is reused or keep this
function and create an inline wrapper with reuse set to start - PAGE_SIZE and use
that for this use case and remove this BUG_ON

> +
> +	vmemmap_remap_range(reuse, end, &walk);
> +	free_vmemmap_page_list(&vmemmap_pages);
> +}
>  
>  /*
>   * Allocate a block of memory to be used to back the virtual memory map
> 



Balbir

Muchun Song March 5, 2021, 4:41 a.m. UTC | #2

On Fri, Mar 5, 2021 at 7:50 AM Singh, Balbir <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On 26/2/21 12:21 am, Muchun Song wrote:
> > Every HugeTLB has more than one struct page structure. We __know__ that
> > we only use the first 4(HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER) struct page structures
> > to store metadata associated with each HugeTLB.
> >
> > There are a lot of struct page structures associated with each HugeTLB
> > page. For tail pages, the value of compound_head is the same. So we can
> > reuse first page of tail page structures. We map the virtual addresses
> > of the remaining pages of tail page structures to the first tail page
> > struct, and then free these page frames. Therefore, we need to reserve
> > two pages as vmemmap areas.
> >
> > When we allocate a HugeTLB page from the buddy, we can free some vmemmap
> > pages associated with each HugeTLB page. It is more appropriate to do it
> > in the prep_new_huge_page().
> >
> > The free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(), which indicates how many vmemmap
> > pages associated with a HugeTLB page can be freed, returns zero for
> > now, which means the feature is disabled. We will enable it once all
> > the infrastructure is there.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
> > Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <[e-mail]>
> > ---
> >  include/linux/bootmem_info.h |  27 +++++-
> >  include/linux/mm.h           |   3 +
> >  mm/Makefile                  |   1 +
> >  mm/hugetlb.c                 |   3 +
> >  mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c         | 219 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h         |  20 ++++
> >  mm/sparse-vmemmap.c          | 207 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  7 files changed, 479 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >  create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
> >  create mode 100644 mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
> >
> > diff --git a/include/linux/bootmem_info.h b/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
> > index 4ed6dee1adc9..ec03a624dfa2 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
> > @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
> >  #ifndef __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H
> >  #define __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H
> >
> > -#include <linux/mmzone.h>
> > +#include <linux/mm.h>
> >
> >  /*
> >   * Types for free bootmem stored in page->lru.next. These have to be in
> > @@ -22,6 +22,27 @@ void __init register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat);
> >  void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
> >                     unsigned long type);
> >  void put_page_bootmem(struct page *page);
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * Any memory allocated via the memblock allocator and not via the
> > + * buddy will be marked reserved already in the memmap. For those
> > + * pages, we can call this function to free it to buddy allocator.
> > + */
> > +static inline void free_bootmem_page(struct page *page)
> > +{
> > +     unsigned long magic = (unsigned long)page->freelist;
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * The reserve_bootmem_region sets the reserved flag on bootmem
> > +      * pages.
> > +      */
> > +     VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) != 2, page);
> > +
> > +     if (magic == SECTION_INFO || magic == MIX_SECTION_INFO)
> > +             put_page_bootmem(page);
> > +     else
> > +             VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(1, page);
> > +}
> >  #else
> >  static inline void register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
> >  {
> > @@ -35,6 +56,10 @@ static inline void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
> >                                   unsigned long type)
> >  {
> >  }
> > +
> > +static inline void free_bootmem_page(struct page *page)
> > +{
> > +}
> >  #endif
> >
> >  #endif /* __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H */
> > diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
> > index 77e64e3eac80..4ddfc31f21c6 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/mm.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/mm.h
> > @@ -2971,6 +2971,9 @@ static inline void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long rip)
> >  }
> >  #endif
> >
> > +void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> > +                     unsigned long reuse);
> > +
> >  void *sparse_buffer_alloc(unsigned long size);
> >  struct page * __populate_section_memmap(unsigned long pfn,
> >               unsigned long nr_pages, int nid, struct vmem_altmap *altmap);
> > diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> > index daabf86d7da8..3d7d57e3b55b 100644
> > --- a/mm/Makefile
> > +++ b/mm/Makefile
> > @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_FRONTSWAP)     += frontswap.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_ZSWAP)  += zswap.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_DMA)        += dmapool.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS)      += hugetlb.o
> > +obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP)      += hugetlb_vmemmap.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA)   += mempolicy.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM)      += sparse.o
> >  obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP) += sparse-vmemmap.o
> > diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
> > index c232cb67dda2..43fed6785322 100644
> > --- a/mm/hugetlb.c
> > +++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
> > @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
> >  #include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
> >  #include <linux/page_owner.h>
> >  #include "internal.h"
> > +#include "hugetlb_vmemmap.h"
> >
> >  int hugetlb_max_hstate __read_mostly;
> >  unsigned int default_hstate_idx;
> > @@ -1463,6 +1464,8 @@ void free_huge_page(struct page *page)
> >
> >  static void prep_new_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page, int nid)
> >  {
> > +     free_huge_page_vmemmap(h, page);
> > +
> >       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
> >       set_compound_page_dtor(page, HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR);
> >       set_hugetlb_cgroup(page, NULL);
> > diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..0209b736e0b4
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
> > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +/*
> > + * Free some vmemmap pages of HugeTLB
> > + *
> > + * Copyright (c) 2020, Bytedance. All rights reserved.
> > + *
> > + *     Author: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
> > + *
> > + * The struct page structures (page structs) are used to describe a physical
> > + * page frame. By default, there is a one-to-one mapping from a page frame to
> > + * it's corresponding page struct.
> > + *
> > + * HugeTLB pages consist of multiple base page size pages and is supported by
> > + * many architectures. See hugetlbpage.rst in the Documentation directory for
> > + * more details. On the x86-64 architecture, HugeTLB pages of size 2MB and 1GB
> > + * are currently supported. Since the base page size on x86 is 4KB, a 2MB
> > + * HugeTLB page consists of 512 base pages and a 1GB HugeTLB page consists of
> > + * 4096 base pages. For each base page, there is a corresponding page struct.
> > + *
> > + * Within the HugeTLB subsystem, only the first 4 page structs are used to
> > + * contain unique information about a HugeTLB page. HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER
> > + * provides this upper limit. The only 'useful' information in the remaining
> > + * page structs is the compound_head field, and this field is the same for all
> > + * tail pages.
> > + *
> > + * By removing redundant page structs for HugeTLB pages, memory can be returned
> > + * to the buddy allocator for other uses.
> > + *
> > + * Different architectures support different HugeTLB pages. For example, the
> > + * following table is the HugeTLB page size supported by x86 and arm64
> > + * architectures. Because arm64 supports 4k, 16k, and 64k base pages and
> > + * supports contiguous entries, so it supports many kinds of sizes of HugeTLB
> > + * page.
> > + *
> > + * +--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+
> > + * | Architecture | Page Size |                HugeTLB Page Size              |
> > + * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> > + * |    x86-64    |    4KB    |    2MB    |    1GB    |           |           |
> > + * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> > + * |              |    4KB    |   64KB    |    2MB    |    32MB   |    1GB    |
> > + * |              +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> > + * |    arm64     |   16KB    |    2MB    |   32MB    |     1GB   |           |
> > + * |              +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> > + * |              |   64KB    |    2MB    |  512MB    |    16GB   |           |
> > + * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
> > + *
> > + * When the system boot up, every HugeTLB page has more than one struct page
> > + * structs which size is (unit: pages):
> > + *
> > + *    struct_size = HugeTLB_Size / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> > + *
> > + * Where HugeTLB_Size is the size of the HugeTLB page. We know that the size
> > + * of the HugeTLB page is always n times PAGE_SIZE. So we can get the following
> > + * relationship.
> > + *
> > + *    HugeTLB_Size = n * PAGE_SIZE
> > + *
> > + * Then,
> > + *
> > + *    struct_size = n * PAGE_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> > + *                = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> > + *
> > + * We can use huge mapping at the pud/pmd level for the HugeTLB page.
> > + *
> > + * For the HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping, then
> > + *
> > + *    struct_size = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> > + *                = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t) * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
> > + *                = sizeof(struct page) / sizeof(pte_t)
> > + *                = 64 / 8
> > + *                = 8 (pages)
> > + *
> > + * Where n is how many pte entries which one page can contains. So the value of
> > + * n is (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t)).
> > + *
> > + * This optimization only supports 64-bit system, so the value of sizeof(pte_t)
> > + * is 8. And this optimization also applicable only when the size of struct page
> > + * is a power of two. In most cases, the size of struct page is 64 bytes (e.g.
> > + * x86-64 and arm64). So if we use pmd level mapping for a HugeTLB page, the
> > + * size of struct page structs of it is 8 page frames which size depends on the
> > + * size of the base page.
> > + *
> > + * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping, then
> > + *
> > + *    struct_size = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pmd_t) * struct_size(pmd)
> > + *                = PAGE_SIZE / 8 * 8 (pages)
> > + *                = PAGE_SIZE (pages)
> > + *
> > + * Where the struct_size(pmd) is the size of the struct page structs of a
> > + * HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping.
> > + *
> > + * E.g.: A 2MB HugeTLB page on x86_64 consists in 8 page frames while 1GB
> > + * HugeTLB page consists in 4096.
> > + *
> > + * Next, we take the pmd level mapping of the HugeTLB page as an example to
> > + * show the internal implementation of this optimization. There are 8 pages
> > + * struct page structs associated with a HugeTLB page which is pmd mapped.
> > + *
> > + * Here is how things look before optimization.
> > + *
> > + *    HugeTLB                  struct pages(8 pages)         page frame(8 pages)
> > + * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+   mapping to   +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     0     | -------------> |     0     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     1     | -------------> |     1     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     2     | -------------> |     2     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     3     | -------------> |     3     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     4     | -------------> |     4     |
> > + * |    PMD    |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |   level   |                     |     5     | -------------> |     5     |
> > + * |  mapping  |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     6     | -------------> |     6     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     7     | -------------> |     7     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |
> > + * |           |
> > + * |           |
> > + * +-----------+
> > + *
> > + * The value of page->compound_head is the same for all tail pages. The first
> > + * page of page structs (page 0) associated with the HugeTLB page contains the 4
> > + * page structs necessary to describe the HugeTLB. The only use of the remaining
> > + * pages of page structs (page 1 to page 7) is to point to page->compound_head.
> > + * Therefore, we can remap pages 2 to 7 to page 1. Only 2 pages of page structs
> > + * will be used for each HugeTLB page. This will allow us to free the remaining
> > + * 6 pages to the buddy allocator.
> > + *
> > + * Here is how things look after remapping.
> > + *
> > + *    HugeTLB                  struct pages(8 pages)         page frame(8 pages)
> > + * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+   mapping to   +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     0     | -------------> |     0     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     1     | -------------> |     1     |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
> > + * |           |                     |     2     | ----------------^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                   | | | | |
> > + * |           |                     |     3     | ------------------+ | | | |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                     | | | |
> > + * |           |                     |     4     | --------------------+ | | |
> > + * |    PMD    |                     +-----------+                       | | |
> > + * |   level   |                     |     5     | ----------------------+ | |
> > + * |  mapping  |                     +-----------+                         | |
> > + * |           |                     |     6     | ------------------------+ |
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+                           |
> > + * |           |                     |     7     | --------------------------+
> > + * |           |                     +-----------+
> > + * |           |
> > + * |           |
> > + * |           |
> > + * +-----------+
> > + *
> > + * When a HugeTLB is freed to the buddy system, we should allocate 6 pages for
> > + * vmemmap pages and restore the previous mapping relationship.
> > + *
> > + * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping. It is similar to the former.
> > + * We also can use this approach to free (PAGE_SIZE - 2) vmemmap pages.
> > + *
> > + * Apart from the HugeTLB page of the pmd/pud level mapping, some architectures
> > + * (e.g. aarch64) provides a contiguous bit in the translation table entries
> > + * that hints to the MMU to indicate that it is one of a contiguous set of
> > + * entries that can be cached in a single TLB entry.
> > + *
> > + * The contiguous bit is used to increase the mapping size at the pmd and pte
> > + * (last) level. So this type of HugeTLB page can be optimized only when its
> > + * size of the struct page structs is greater than 2 pages.
> > + */
> > +#include "hugetlb_vmemmap.h"
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * There are a lot of struct page structures associated with each HugeTLB page.
> > + * For tail pages, the value of compound_head is the same. So we can reuse first
> > + * page of tail page structures. We map the virtual addresses of the remaining
> > + * pages of tail page structures to the first tail page struct, and then free
> > + * these page frames. Therefore, we need to reserve two pages as vmemmap areas.
> > + */
> > +#define RESERVE_VMEMMAP_NR           2U
> > +#define RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE         (RESERVE_VMEMMAP_NR << PAGE_SHIFT)
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * How many vmemmap pages associated with a HugeTLB page that can be freed
> > + * to the buddy allocator.
> > + *
> > + * Todo: Returns zero for now, which means the feature is disabled. We will
> > + * enable it once all the infrastructure is there.
> > + */
> > +static inline unsigned int free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
> > +{
> > +     return 0;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static inline unsigned long free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
> > +{
> > +     return (unsigned long)free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h) << PAGE_SHIFT;
> > +}
> > +
> > +void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
> > +{
> > +     unsigned long vmemmap_addr = (unsigned long)head;
> > +     unsigned long vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse;
> > +
> > +     if (!free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h))
> > +             return;
> > +
> > +     vmemmap_addr += RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE;
> > +     vmemmap_end = vmemmap_addr + free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(h);
> > +     vmemmap_reuse = vmemmap_addr - PAGE_SIZE;
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * Remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end)
> > +      * to the page which @vmemmap_reuse is mapped to, then free the pages
> > +      * which the range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end] is mapped to.
> > +      */
> > +     vmemmap_remap_free(vmemmap_addr, vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse);
> > +}
> > diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 000000000000..6923f03534d5
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
> > @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
> > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > +/*
> > + * Free some vmemmap pages of HugeTLB
> > + *
> > + * Copyright (c) 2020, Bytedance. All rights reserved.
> > + *
> > + *     Author: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
> > + */
> > +#ifndef _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H
> > +#define _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H
> > +#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
> > +
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP
> > +void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head);
> > +#else
> > +static inline void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
> > +{
> > +}
> > +#endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP */
> > +#endif /* _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H */
> > diff --git a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
> > index 16183d85a7d5..d3076a7a3783 100644
> > --- a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
> > +++ b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
> > @@ -27,8 +27,215 @@
> >  #include <linux/spinlock.h>
> >  #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
> >  #include <linux/sched.h>
> > +#include <linux/pgtable.h>
> > +#include <linux/bootmem_info.h>
> > +
> >  #include <asm/dma.h>
> >  #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
> > +#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
> > +
> > +/**
> > + * vmemmap_remap_walk - walk vmemmap page table
> > + *
> > + * @remap_pte:               called for each lowest-level entry (PTE).
> > + * @reuse_page:              the page which is reused for the tail vmemmap pages.
> > + * @reuse_addr:              the virtual address of the @reuse_page page.
> > + * @vmemmap_pages:   the list head of the vmemmap pages that can be freed.
> > + */
> > +struct vmemmap_remap_walk {
> > +     void (*remap_pte)(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
> > +                       struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk);
> > +     struct page *reuse_page;
> > +     unsigned long reuse_addr;
> > +     struct list_head *vmemmap_pages;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static void vmemmap_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
> > +                           unsigned long end,
> > +                           struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> > +{
> > +     pte_t *pte;
> > +
> > +     pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * The reuse_page is found 'first' in table walk before we start
> > +      * remapping (which is calling @walk->remap_pte).
> > +      */
> > +     if (!walk->reuse_page) {
> > +             BUG_ON(pte_none(*pte));
> > +             BUG_ON(walk->reuse_addr != addr);
> > +
> > +             walk->reuse_page = pte_page(*pte++);
>
> The concurrency semantics of this code are not clear, do we need READ_ONCE()/
> WRITE_ONCE() semantics if this page walk is lockless? Can we run this code
> in parallel on the same section? I presume not

IIUC, there is no parallel thread to walk the page tables of the
vmemmap area. We may not need READ_ONCE/WRITE_ONCE.

>
> > +             /*
> > +              * Because the reuse address is part of the range that we are
> > +              * walking, skip the reuse address range.
> > +              */
> > +             addr += PAGE_SIZE;
> > +     }
> > +
> > +     for (; addr != end; addr += PAGE_SIZE, pte++) {
> > +             BUG_ON(pte_none(*pte));
> > +
> > +             walk->remap_pte(pte, addr, walk);
> > +     }
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void vmemmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
> > +                           unsigned long end,
> > +                           struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> > +{
> > +     pmd_t *pmd;
> > +     unsigned long next;
> > +
> > +     pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
> > +     do {
> > +             BUG_ON(pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_leaf(*pmd));
> > +
> > +             next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
> > +             vmemmap_pte_range(pmd, addr, next, walk);
> > +     } while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void vmemmap_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
> > +                           unsigned long end,
> > +                           struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> > +{
> > +     pud_t *pud;
> > +     unsigned long next;
> > +
> > +     pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
> > +     do {
> > +             BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud));
> > +
> > +             next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
> > +             vmemmap_pmd_range(pud, addr, next, walk);
> > +     } while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void vmemmap_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
> > +                           unsigned long end,
> > +                           struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> > +{
> > +     p4d_t *p4d;
> > +     unsigned long next;
> > +
> > +     p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
> > +     do {
> > +             BUG_ON(p4d_none(*p4d));
> > +
> > +             next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
> > +             vmemmap_pud_range(p4d, addr, next, walk);
> > +     } while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void vmemmap_remap_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> > +                             struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> > +{
> > +     unsigned long addr = start;
> > +     unsigned long next;
> > +     pgd_t *pgd;
> > +
> > +     VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(start, PAGE_SIZE));
> > +     VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(end, PAGE_SIZE));
> > +
> > +     pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
> > +     do {
> > +             BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd));
> > +
> > +             next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
> > +             vmemmap_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, walk);
> > +     } while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * We only change the mapping of the vmemmap virtual address range
> > +      * [@start + PAGE_SIZE, end), so we only need to flush the TLB which
> > +      * belongs to the range.
> > +      */
> > +     flush_tlb_kernel_range(start + PAGE_SIZE, end);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/*
> > + * Free a vmemmap page. A vmemmap page can be allocated from the memblock
> > + * allocator or buddy allocator. If the PG_reserved flag is set, it means
> > + * that it allocated from the memblock allocator, just free it via the
> > + * free_bootmem_page(). Otherwise, use __free_page().
> > + */
> > +static inline void free_vmemmap_page(struct page *page)
> > +{
> > +     if (PageReserved(page))
> > +             free_bootmem_page(page);
> > +     else
> > +             __free_page(page);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/* Free a list of the vmemmap pages */
> > +static void free_vmemmap_page_list(struct list_head *list)
> > +{
> > +     struct page *page, *next;
> > +
> > +     list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, list, lru) {
> > +             list_del(&page->lru);
> > +             free_vmemmap_page(page);
> > +     }
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void vmemmap_remap_pte(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
> > +                           struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
> > +{
> > +     /*
> > +      * Remap the tail pages as read-only to catch illegal write operation
> > +      * to the tail pages.
> > +      */
> > +     pgprot_t pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL_RO;
> > +     pte_t entry = mk_pte(walk->reuse_page, pgprot);
> > +     struct page *page = pte_page(*pte);
> > +
> > +     list_add(&page->lru, walk->vmemmap_pages);
> > +     set_pte_at(&init_mm, addr, pte, entry);
> > +}
> > +
> > +/**
> > + * vmemmap_remap_free - remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@start, @end)
> > + *                   to the page which @reuse is mapped to, then free vmemmap
> > + *                   which the range are mapped to.
> > + * @start:   start address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want
> > + *           to remap.
> > + * @end:     end address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want to
> > + *           remap.
> > + * @reuse:   reuse address.
> > + *
> > + * Note: This function depends on vmemmap being base page mapped. Please make
> > + * sure that we disable PMD mapping of vmemmap pages when calling this function.
>
> This is something that the walking code enforces via BUG_ON's right?

Right. There is a BUG_ON(pmd_leaf(*pmd)) in vmemmap_pmd_range().

>
> > + */
> > +void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
> > +                     unsigned long reuse)
> > +{
> > +     LIST_HEAD(vmemmap_pages);
> > +     struct vmemmap_remap_walk walk = {
> > +             .remap_pte      = vmemmap_remap_pte,
> > +             .reuse_addr     = reuse,
> > +             .vmemmap_pages  = &vmemmap_pages,
> > +     };
> > +
> > +     /*
> > +      * In order to make remapping routine most efficient for the huge pages,
> > +      * the routine of vmemmap page table walking has the following rules
> > +      * (see more details from the vmemmap_pte_range()):
> > +      *
> > +      * - The range [@start, @end) and the range [@reuse, @reuse + PAGE_SIZE)
> > +      *   should be continuous.
> > +      * - The @reuse address is part of the range [@reuse, @end) that we are
> > +      *   walking which is passed to vmemmap_remap_range().
> > +      * - The @reuse address is the first in the complete range.
> > +      *
> > +      * So we need to make sure that @start and @reuse meet the above rules.
> > +      */
> > +     BUG_ON(start - reuse != PAGE_SIZE);
>
> Why even take a reuse arg then, just set reuse = start - PAGE_SIZE? If we do that
> we can rename the function to reflect that the second page is reused or

There was a discussion about "why we introduce reuse parameter" in a
previous version of the series starting here:

https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-mm/patch/[e-mail]/

> keep this
> function and create an inline wrapper with reuse set to start - PAGE_SIZE and use
> that for this use case and remove this BUG_ON

I also want to hear Oscar and Mike's suggestions about this.

Thanks.

>
> > +
> > +     vmemmap_remap_range(reuse, end, &walk);
> > +     free_vmemmap_page_list(&vmemmap_pages);
> > +}
> >
> >  /*
> >   * Allocate a block of memory to be used to back the virtual memory map
> >
>
>
>
> Balbir

Patch

diff --git a/include/linux/bootmem_info.h b/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
index 4ed6dee1adc9..ec03a624dfa2 100644
--- a/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
+++ b/include/linux/bootmem_info.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 
 #ifndef __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H
 #define __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H
 
-#include <linux/mmzone.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
 
 /*
  * Types for free bootmem stored in page->lru.next. These have to be in
@@ -22,6 +22,27 @@  void __init register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat);
 void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
 		      unsigned long type);
 void put_page_bootmem(struct page *page);
+
+/*
+ * Any memory allocated via the memblock allocator and not via the
+ * buddy will be marked reserved already in the memmap. For those
+ * pages, we can call this function to free it to buddy allocator.
+ */
+static inline void free_bootmem_page(struct page *page)
+{
+	unsigned long magic = (unsigned long)page->freelist;
+
+	/*
+	 * The reserve_bootmem_region sets the reserved flag on bootmem
+	 * pages.
+	 */
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) != 2, page);
+
+	if (magic == SECTION_INFO || magic == MIX_SECTION_INFO)
+		put_page_bootmem(page);
+	else
+		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(1, page);
+}
 #else
 static inline void register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
 {
@@ -35,6 +56,10 @@  static inline void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
 				    unsigned long type)
 {
 }
+
+static inline void free_bootmem_page(struct page *page)
+{
+}
 #endif
 
 #endif /* __LINUX_BOOTMEM_INFO_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 77e64e3eac80..4ddfc31f21c6 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -2971,6 +2971,9 @@  static inline void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long rip)
 }
 #endif
 
+void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+			unsigned long reuse);
+
 void *sparse_buffer_alloc(unsigned long size);
 struct page * __populate_section_memmap(unsigned long pfn,
 		unsigned long nr_pages, int nid, struct vmem_altmap *altmap);
diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
index daabf86d7da8..3d7d57e3b55b 100644
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@  obj-$(CONFIG_FRONTSWAP)	+= frontswap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ZSWAP)	+= zswap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_DMA)	+= dmapool.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS)	+= hugetlb.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP)	+= hugetlb_vmemmap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA) 	+= mempolicy.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM)	+= sparse.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP) += sparse-vmemmap.o
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb.c b/mm/hugetlb.c
index c232cb67dda2..43fed6785322 100644
--- a/mm/hugetlb.c
+++ b/mm/hugetlb.c
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ 
 #include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
 #include <linux/page_owner.h>
 #include "internal.h"
+#include "hugetlb_vmemmap.h"
 
 int hugetlb_max_hstate __read_mostly;
 unsigned int default_hstate_idx;
@@ -1463,6 +1464,8 @@  void free_huge_page(struct page *page)
 
 static void prep_new_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page, int nid)
 {
+	free_huge_page_vmemmap(h, page);
+
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
 	set_compound_page_dtor(page, HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR);
 	set_hugetlb_cgroup(page, NULL);
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0209b736e0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ 
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Free some vmemmap pages of HugeTLB
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, Bytedance. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *     Author: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
+ *
+ * The struct page structures (page structs) are used to describe a physical
+ * page frame. By default, there is a one-to-one mapping from a page frame to
+ * it's corresponding page struct.
+ *
+ * HugeTLB pages consist of multiple base page size pages and is supported by
+ * many architectures. See hugetlbpage.rst in the Documentation directory for
+ * more details. On the x86-64 architecture, HugeTLB pages of size 2MB and 1GB
+ * are currently supported. Since the base page size on x86 is 4KB, a 2MB
+ * HugeTLB page consists of 512 base pages and a 1GB HugeTLB page consists of
+ * 4096 base pages. For each base page, there is a corresponding page struct.
+ *
+ * Within the HugeTLB subsystem, only the first 4 page structs are used to
+ * contain unique information about a HugeTLB page. HUGETLB_CGROUP_MIN_ORDER
+ * provides this upper limit. The only 'useful' information in the remaining
+ * page structs is the compound_head field, and this field is the same for all
+ * tail pages.
+ *
+ * By removing redundant page structs for HugeTLB pages, memory can be returned
+ * to the buddy allocator for other uses.
+ *
+ * Different architectures support different HugeTLB pages. For example, the
+ * following table is the HugeTLB page size supported by x86 and arm64
+ * architectures. Because arm64 supports 4k, 16k, and 64k base pages and
+ * supports contiguous entries, so it supports many kinds of sizes of HugeTLB
+ * page.
+ *
+ * +--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+
+ * | Architecture | Page Size |                HugeTLB Page Size              |
+ * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+ * |    x86-64    |    4KB    |    2MB    |    1GB    |           |           |
+ * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+ * |              |    4KB    |   64KB    |    2MB    |    32MB   |    1GB    |
+ * |              +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+ * |    arm64     |   16KB    |    2MB    |   32MB    |     1GB   |           |
+ * |              +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+ * |              |   64KB    |    2MB    |  512MB    |    16GB   |           |
+ * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+ *
+ * When the system boot up, every HugeTLB page has more than one struct page
+ * structs which size is (unit: pages):
+ *
+ *    struct_size = HugeTLB_Size / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
+ *
+ * Where HugeTLB_Size is the size of the HugeTLB page. We know that the size
+ * of the HugeTLB page is always n times PAGE_SIZE. So we can get the following
+ * relationship.
+ *
+ *    HugeTLB_Size = n * PAGE_SIZE
+ *
+ * Then,
+ *
+ *    struct_size = n * PAGE_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
+ *                = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
+ *
+ * We can use huge mapping at the pud/pmd level for the HugeTLB page.
+ *
+ * For the HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping, then
+ *
+ *    struct_size = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
+ *                = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t) * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE
+ *                = sizeof(struct page) / sizeof(pte_t)
+ *                = 64 / 8
+ *                = 8 (pages)
+ *
+ * Where n is how many pte entries which one page can contains. So the value of
+ * n is (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t)).
+ *
+ * This optimization only supports 64-bit system, so the value of sizeof(pte_t)
+ * is 8. And this optimization also applicable only when the size of struct page
+ * is a power of two. In most cases, the size of struct page is 64 bytes (e.g.
+ * x86-64 and arm64). So if we use pmd level mapping for a HugeTLB page, the
+ * size of struct page structs of it is 8 page frames which size depends on the
+ * size of the base page.
+ *
+ * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping, then
+ *
+ *    struct_size = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pmd_t) * struct_size(pmd)
+ *                = PAGE_SIZE / 8 * 8 (pages)
+ *                = PAGE_SIZE (pages)
+ *
+ * Where the struct_size(pmd) is the size of the struct page structs of a
+ * HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping.
+ *
+ * E.g.: A 2MB HugeTLB page on x86_64 consists in 8 page frames while 1GB
+ * HugeTLB page consists in 4096.
+ *
+ * Next, we take the pmd level mapping of the HugeTLB page as an example to
+ * show the internal implementation of this optimization. There are 8 pages
+ * struct page structs associated with a HugeTLB page which is pmd mapped.
+ *
+ * Here is how things look before optimization.
+ *
+ *    HugeTLB                  struct pages(8 pages)         page frame(8 pages)
+ * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+   mapping to   +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     0     | -------------> |     0     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     1     | -------------> |     1     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     2     | -------------> |     2     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     3     | -------------> |     3     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     4     | -------------> |     4     |
+ * |    PMD    |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |   level   |                     |     5     | -------------> |     5     |
+ * |  mapping  |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     6     | -------------> |     6     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     7     | -------------> |     7     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |
+ * |           |
+ * |           |
+ * +-----------+
+ *
+ * The value of page->compound_head is the same for all tail pages. The first
+ * page of page structs (page 0) associated with the HugeTLB page contains the 4
+ * page structs necessary to describe the HugeTLB. The only use of the remaining
+ * pages of page structs (page 1 to page 7) is to point to page->compound_head.
+ * Therefore, we can remap pages 2 to 7 to page 1. Only 2 pages of page structs
+ * will be used for each HugeTLB page. This will allow us to free the remaining
+ * 6 pages to the buddy allocator.
+ *
+ * Here is how things look after remapping.
+ *
+ *    HugeTLB                  struct pages(8 pages)         page frame(8 pages)
+ * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+   mapping to   +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     0     | -------------> |     0     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     1     | -------------> |     1     |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                +-----------+
+ * |           |                     |     2     | ----------------^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                   | | | | |
+ * |           |                     |     3     | ------------------+ | | | |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                     | | | |
+ * |           |                     |     4     | --------------------+ | | |
+ * |    PMD    |                     +-----------+                       | | |
+ * |   level   |                     |     5     | ----------------------+ | |
+ * |  mapping  |                     +-----------+                         | |
+ * |           |                     |     6     | ------------------------+ |
+ * |           |                     +-----------+                           |
+ * |           |                     |     7     | --------------------------+
+ * |           |                     +-----------+
+ * |           |
+ * |           |
+ * |           |
+ * +-----------+
+ *
+ * When a HugeTLB is freed to the buddy system, we should allocate 6 pages for
+ * vmemmap pages and restore the previous mapping relationship.
+ *
+ * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping. It is similar to the former.
+ * We also can use this approach to free (PAGE_SIZE - 2) vmemmap pages.
+ *
+ * Apart from the HugeTLB page of the pmd/pud level mapping, some architectures
+ * (e.g. aarch64) provides a contiguous bit in the translation table entries
+ * that hints to the MMU to indicate that it is one of a contiguous set of
+ * entries that can be cached in a single TLB entry.
+ *
+ * The contiguous bit is used to increase the mapping size at the pmd and pte
+ * (last) level. So this type of HugeTLB page can be optimized only when its
+ * size of the struct page structs is greater than 2 pages.
+ */
+#include "hugetlb_vmemmap.h"
+
+/*
+ * There are a lot of struct page structures associated with each HugeTLB page.
+ * For tail pages, the value of compound_head is the same. So we can reuse first
+ * page of tail page structures. We map the virtual addresses of the remaining
+ * pages of tail page structures to the first tail page struct, and then free
+ * these page frames. Therefore, we need to reserve two pages as vmemmap areas.
+ */
+#define RESERVE_VMEMMAP_NR		2U
+#define RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE		(RESERVE_VMEMMAP_NR << PAGE_SHIFT)
+
+/*
+ * How many vmemmap pages associated with a HugeTLB page that can be freed
+ * to the buddy allocator.
+ *
+ * Todo: Returns zero for now, which means the feature is disabled. We will
+ * enable it once all the infrastructure is there.
+ */
+static inline unsigned int free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
+{
+	return (unsigned long)free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+}
+
+void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
+{
+	unsigned long vmemmap_addr = (unsigned long)head;
+	unsigned long vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse;
+
+	if (!free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h))
+		return;
+
+	vmemmap_addr += RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE;
+	vmemmap_end = vmemmap_addr + free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(h);
+	vmemmap_reuse = vmemmap_addr - PAGE_SIZE;
+
+	/*
+	 * Remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end)
+	 * to the page which @vmemmap_reuse is mapped to, then free the pages
+	 * which the range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end] is mapped to.
+	 */
+	vmemmap_remap_free(vmemmap_addr, vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse);
+}
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6923f03534d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ 
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Free some vmemmap pages of HugeTLB
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, Bytedance. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *     Author: Muchun Song <[e-mail]>
+ */
+#ifndef _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H
+#define _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H
+#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP
+void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head);
+#else
+static inline void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
+{
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP */
+#endif /* _LINUX_HUGETLB_VMEMMAP_H */
diff --git a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
index 16183d85a7d5..d3076a7a3783 100644
--- a/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
+++ b/mm/sparse-vmemmap.c
@@ -27,8 +27,215 @@ 
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/pgtable.h>
+#include <linux/bootmem_info.h>
+
 #include <asm/dma.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
+#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
+
+/**
+ * vmemmap_remap_walk - walk vmemmap page table
+ *
+ * @remap_pte:		called for each lowest-level entry (PTE).
+ * @reuse_page:		the page which is reused for the tail vmemmap pages.
+ * @reuse_addr:		the virtual address of the @reuse_page page.
+ * @vmemmap_pages:	the list head of the vmemmap pages that can be freed.
+ */
+struct vmemmap_remap_walk {
+	void (*remap_pte)(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
+			  struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk);
+	struct page *reuse_page;
+	unsigned long reuse_addr;
+	struct list_head *vmemmap_pages;
+};
+
+static void vmemmap_pte_range(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
+			      unsigned long end,
+			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	pte_t *pte;
+
+	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
+
+	/*
+	 * The reuse_page is found 'first' in table walk before we start
+	 * remapping (which is calling @walk->remap_pte).
+	 */
+	if (!walk->reuse_page) {
+		BUG_ON(pte_none(*pte));
+		BUG_ON(walk->reuse_addr != addr);
+
+		walk->reuse_page = pte_page(*pte++);
+		/*
+		 * Because the reuse address is part of the range that we are
+		 * walking, skip the reuse address range.
+		 */
+		addr += PAGE_SIZE;
+	}
+
+	for (; addr != end; addr += PAGE_SIZE, pte++) {
+		BUG_ON(pte_none(*pte));
+
+		walk->remap_pte(pte, addr, walk);
+	}
+}
+
+static void vmemmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
+			      unsigned long end,
+			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	pmd_t *pmd;
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
+	do {
+		BUG_ON(pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_leaf(*pmd));
+
+		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
+		vmemmap_pte_range(pmd, addr, next, walk);
+	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
+}
+
+static void vmemmap_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
+			      unsigned long end,
+			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	pud_t *pud;
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
+	do {
+		BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud));
+
+		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
+		vmemmap_pmd_range(pud, addr, next, walk);
+	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
+}
+
+static void vmemmap_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+			      unsigned long end,
+			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	do {
+		BUG_ON(p4d_none(*p4d));
+
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		vmemmap_pud_range(p4d, addr, next, walk);
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+}
+
+static void vmemmap_remap_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+				struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	unsigned long addr = start;
+	unsigned long next;
+	pgd_t *pgd;
+
+	VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(start, PAGE_SIZE));
+	VM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(end, PAGE_SIZE));
+
+	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
+	do {
+		BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd));
+
+		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
+		vmemmap_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, walk);
+	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
+
+	/*
+	 * We only change the mapping of the vmemmap virtual address range
+	 * [@start + PAGE_SIZE, end), so we only need to flush the TLB which
+	 * belongs to the range.
+	 */
+	flush_tlb_kernel_range(start + PAGE_SIZE, end);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free a vmemmap page. A vmemmap page can be allocated from the memblock
+ * allocator or buddy allocator. If the PG_reserved flag is set, it means
+ * that it allocated from the memblock allocator, just free it via the
+ * free_bootmem_page(). Otherwise, use __free_page().
+ */
+static inline void free_vmemmap_page(struct page *page)
+{
+	if (PageReserved(page))
+		free_bootmem_page(page);
+	else
+		__free_page(page);
+}
+
+/* Free a list of the vmemmap pages */
+static void free_vmemmap_page_list(struct list_head *list)
+{
+	struct page *page, *next;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, list, lru) {
+		list_del(&page->lru);
+		free_vmemmap_page(page);
+	}
+}
+
+static void vmemmap_remap_pte(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
+			      struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Remap the tail pages as read-only to catch illegal write operation
+	 * to the tail pages.
+	 */
+	pgprot_t pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL_RO;
+	pte_t entry = mk_pte(walk->reuse_page, pgprot);
+	struct page *page = pte_page(*pte);
+
+	list_add(&page->lru, walk->vmemmap_pages);
+	set_pte_at(&init_mm, addr, pte, entry);
+}
+
+/**
+ * vmemmap_remap_free - remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@start, @end)
+ *			to the page which @reuse is mapped to, then free vmemmap
+ *			which the range are mapped to.
+ * @start:	start address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want
+ *		to remap.
+ * @end:	end address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want to
+ *		remap.
+ * @reuse:	reuse address.
+ *
+ * Note: This function depends on vmemmap being base page mapped. Please make
+ * sure that we disable PMD mapping of vmemmap pages when calling this function.
+ */
+void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+			unsigned long reuse)
+{
+	LIST_HEAD(vmemmap_pages);
+	struct vmemmap_remap_walk walk = {
+		.remap_pte	= vmemmap_remap_pte,
+		.reuse_addr	= reuse,
+		.vmemmap_pages	= &vmemmap_pages,
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * In order to make remapping routine most efficient for the huge pages,
+	 * the routine of vmemmap page table walking has the following rules
+	 * (see more details from the vmemmap_pte_range()):
+	 *
+	 * - The range [@start, @end) and the range [@reuse, @reuse + PAGE_SIZE)
+	 *   should be continuous.
+	 * - The @reuse address is part of the range [@reuse, @end) that we are
+	 *   walking which is passed to vmemmap_remap_range().
+	 * - The @reuse address is the first in the complete range.
+	 *
+	 * So we need to make sure that @start and @reuse meet the above rules.
+	 */
+	BUG_ON(start - reuse != PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	vmemmap_remap_range(reuse, end, &walk);
+	free_vmemmap_page_list(&vmemmap_pages);
+}
 
 /*
  * Allocate a block of memory to be used to back the virtual memory map