@@ -920,6 +920,23 @@ KBUILD_AFLAGS += -fno-lto
export CC_FLAGS_LTO
endif
+ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
+CC_FLAGS_CFI := -fsanitize=cfi \
+ -fsanitize-cfi-cross-dso \
+ -fno-sanitize-cfi-canonical-jump-tables \
+ -fno-sanitize-trap=cfi \
+ -fno-sanitize-blacklist
+
+ifdef CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE
+CC_FLAGS_CFI += -fsanitize-recover=cfi
+endif
+
+# If LTO flags are filtered out, we must also filter out CFI.
+CC_FLAGS_LTO += $(CC_FLAGS_CFI)
+KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(CC_FLAGS_CFI)
+export CC_FLAGS_CFI
+endif
+
ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FORCE_FUNCTION_ALIGN_32B
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -falign-functions=32
endif
@@ -692,6 +692,51 @@ config LTO_CLANG_THIN
If unsure, say Y.
endchoice
+config ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG
+ bool
+ help
+ An architecture should select this option if it can support Clang's
+ Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) checking.
+
+config CFI_CLANG
+ bool "Use Clang's Control Flow Integrity (CFI)"
+ depends on LTO_CLANG && ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG
+ # Clang >= 12:
+ # - https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46258
+ # - https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47479
+ depends on CLANG_VERSION >= 120000
+ select KALLSYMS
+ help
+ This option enables Clang’s forward-edge Control Flow Integrity
+ (CFI) checking, where the compiler injects a runtime check to each
+ indirect function call to ensure the target is a valid function with
+ the correct static type. This restricts possible call targets and
+ makes it more difficult for an attacker to exploit bugs that allow
+ the modification of stored function pointers. More information can be
+ found from Clang's documentation:
+
+ https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ControlFlowIntegrity.html
+
+config CFI_CLANG_SHADOW
+ bool "Use CFI shadow to speed up cross-module checks"
+ default y
+ depends on CFI_CLANG && MODULES
+ help
+ If you select this option, the kernel builds a fast look-up table of
+ CFI check functions in loaded modules to reduce performance overhead.
+
+ If unsure, say Y.
+
+config CFI_PERMISSIVE
+ bool "Use CFI in permissive mode"
+ depends on CFI_CLANG
+ help
+ When selected, Control Flow Integrity (CFI) violations result in a
+ warning instead of a kernel panic. This option should only be used
+ for finding indirect call type mismatches during development.
+
+ If unsure, say N.
+
config HAVE_ARCH_WITHIN_STACK_FRAMES
bool
help
@@ -241,6 +241,22 @@ void __warn(const char *file, int line, void *caller, unsigned taint,
# define WARN_ON_SMP(x) ({0;})
#endif
+/*
+ * WARN_ON_FUNCTION_MISMATCH() warns if a value doesn't match a
+ * function address, and can be useful for catching issues with
+ * callback functions, for example.
+ *
+ * With CONFIG_CFI_CLANG, the warning is disabled because the
+ * compiler replaces function addresses taken in C code with
+ * local jump table addresses, which breaks cross-module function
+ * address equality.
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG) && defined(CONFIG_MODULES)
+# define WARN_ON_FUNCTION_MISMATCH(x, fn) ({ 0; })
+#else
+# define WARN_ON_FUNCTION_MISMATCH(x, fn) WARN_ON_ONCE((x) != (fn))
+#endif
+
#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif
@@ -544,6 +544,22 @@
. = ALIGN((align)); \
__end_rodata = .;
+
+/*
+ * .text..L.cfi.jumptable.* contain Control-Flow Integrity (CFI)
+ * jump table entries.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
+#define TEXT_CFI_JT \
+ . = ALIGN(PMD_SIZE); \
+ __cfi_jt_start = .; \
+ *(.text..L.cfi.jumptable .text..L.cfi.jumptable.*) \
+ . = ALIGN(PMD_SIZE); \
+ __cfi_jt_end = .;
+#else
+#define TEXT_CFI_JT
+#endif
+
/*
* Non-instrumentable text section
*/
@@ -570,6 +586,7 @@
NOINSTR_TEXT \
*(.text..refcount) \
*(.ref.text) \
+ TEXT_CFI_JT \
MEM_KEEP(init.text*) \
MEM_KEEP(exit.text*) \
@@ -974,7 +991,8 @@
* keep any .init_array.* sections.
* https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=46478
*/
-#if defined(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KCSAN)
+#if defined(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KCSAN) || \
+ defined(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG)
# ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
# define SANITIZER_DISCARDS \
*(.eh_frame)
new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ * Clang Control Flow Integrity (CFI) support.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Google LLC
+ */
+#ifndef _LINUX_CFI_H
+#define _LINUX_CFI_H
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
+typedef void (*cfi_check_fn)(uint64_t id, void *ptr, void *diag);
+
+/* Compiler-generated function in each module, and the kernel */
+extern void __cfi_check(uint64_t id, void *ptr, void *diag);
+
+/*
+ * Force the compiler to generate a CFI jump table entry for a function
+ * and store the jump table address to __cfi_jt_<function>.
+ */
+#define __CFI_ADDRESSABLE(fn, __attr) \
+ const void *__cfi_jt_ ## fn __visible __attr = (void *)&fn
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW
+
+extern void cfi_module_add(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr);
+extern void cfi_module_remove(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr);
+
+#else
+
+static inline void cfi_module_add(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr) {}
+static inline void cfi_module_remove(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr) {}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW */
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_CFI_CLANG */
+
+#define __CFI_ADDRESSABLE(fn, __attr)
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_CFI_CLANG */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_CFI_H */
@@ -61,3 +61,5 @@
#if __has_feature(shadow_call_stack)
# define __noscs __attribute__((__no_sanitize__("shadow-call-stack")))
#endif
+
+#define __nocfi __attribute__((__no_sanitize__("cfi")))
@@ -242,6 +242,10 @@ struct ftrace_likely_data {
# define __noscs
#endif
+#ifndef __nocfi
+# define __nocfi
+#endif
+
#ifndef asm_volatile_goto
#define asm_volatile_goto(x...) asm goto(x)
#endif
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
/* These are for everybody (although not all archs will actually
discard it in modules) */
-#define __init __section(".init.text") __cold __latent_entropy __noinitretpoline
+#define __init __section(".init.text") __cold __latent_entropy __noinitretpoline __nocfi
#define __initdata __section(".init.data")
#define __initconst __section(".init.rodata")
#define __exitdata __section(".exit.data")
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
#include <linux/tracepoint-defs.h>
#include <linux/srcu.h>
#include <linux/static_call_types.h>
+#include <linux/cfi.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <asm/module.h>
@@ -128,13 +129,17 @@ extern void cleanup_module(void);
#define module_init(initfn) \
static inline initcall_t __maybe_unused __inittest(void) \
{ return initfn; } \
- int init_module(void) __copy(initfn) __attribute__((alias(#initfn)));
+ int init_module(void) __copy(initfn) \
+ __attribute__((alias(#initfn))); \
+ __CFI_ADDRESSABLE(init_module, __initdata);
/* This is only required if you want to be unloadable. */
#define module_exit(exitfn) \
static inline exitcall_t __maybe_unused __exittest(void) \
{ return exitfn; } \
- void cleanup_module(void) __copy(exitfn) __attribute__((alias(#exitfn)));
+ void cleanup_module(void) __copy(exitfn) \
+ __attribute__((alias(#exitfn))); \
+ __CFI_ADDRESSABLE(cleanup_module, __exitdata);
#endif
@@ -376,6 +381,10 @@ struct module {
const s32 *crcs;
unsigned int num_syms;
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
+ cfi_check_fn cfi_check;
+#endif
+
/* Kernel parameters. */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
struct mutex param_lock;
@@ -2296,7 +2296,7 @@ endif # MODULES
config MODULES_TREE_LOOKUP
def_bool y
- depends on PERF_EVENTS || TRACING
+ depends on PERF_EVENTS || TRACING || CFI_CLANG
config INIT_ALL_POSSIBLE
bool
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ KCSAN_SANITIZE_kcov.o := n
UBSAN_SANITIZE_kcov.o := n
CFLAGS_kcov.o := $(call cc-option, -fno-conserve-stack) -fno-stack-protector
+# Don't instrument error handlers
+CFLAGS_REMOVE_cfi.o := $(CC_FLAGS_CFI)
+
obj-y += sched/
obj-y += locking/
obj-y += power/
@@ -111,6 +114,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_BPF) += bpf/
obj-$(CONFIG_KCSAN) += kcsan/
obj-$(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK) += scs.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE) += static_call.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG) += cfi.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS) += events/
new file mode 100644
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Clang Control Flow Integrity (CFI) error and slowpath handling.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 Google LLC
+ */
+
+#include <linux/hardirq.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+#include <asm/set_memory.h>
+
+/* Compiler-defined handler names */
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE
+#define cfi_failure_handler __ubsan_handle_cfi_check_fail
+#else
+#define cfi_failure_handler __ubsan_handle_cfi_check_fail_abort
+#endif
+
+static inline void handle_cfi_failure(void *ptr)
+{
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE))
+ WARN_RATELIMIT(1, "CFI failure (target: %pS):\n", ptr);
+ else
+ panic("CFI failure (target: %pS)\n", ptr);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW
+/*
+ * Index type. A 16-bit index can address at most (2^16)-2 pages (taking
+ * into account SHADOW_INVALID), i.e. ~256M with 4k pages.
+ */
+typedef u16 shadow_t;
+#define SHADOW_INVALID ((shadow_t)~0UL)
+
+struct cfi_shadow {
+ /* Page index for the beginning of the shadow */
+ unsigned long base;
+ /* An array of __cfi_check locations (as indices to the shadow) */
+ shadow_t shadow[1];
+} __packed;
+
+/*
+ * The shadow covers ~128M from the beginning of the module region. If
+ * the region is larger, we fall back to __module_address for the rest.
+ */
+#define __SHADOW_RANGE (_UL(SZ_128M) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
+
+/* The in-memory size of struct cfi_shadow, always at least one page */
+#define __SHADOW_PAGES ((__SHADOW_RANGE * sizeof(shadow_t)) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
+#define SHADOW_PAGES max(1UL, __SHADOW_PAGES)
+#define SHADOW_SIZE (SHADOW_PAGES << PAGE_SHIFT)
+
+/* The actual size of the shadow array, minus metadata */
+#define SHADOW_ARR_SIZE (SHADOW_SIZE - offsetof(struct cfi_shadow, shadow))
+#define SHADOW_ARR_SLOTS (SHADOW_ARR_SIZE / sizeof(shadow_t))
+
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(shadow_update_lock);
+static struct cfi_shadow __rcu *cfi_shadow __read_mostly;
+
+/* Returns the index in the shadow for the given address */
+static inline int ptr_to_shadow(const struct cfi_shadow *s, unsigned long ptr)
+{
+ unsigned long index;
+ unsigned long page = ptr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+ if (unlikely(page < s->base))
+ return -1; /* Outside of module area */
+
+ index = page - s->base;
+
+ if (index >= SHADOW_ARR_SLOTS)
+ return -1; /* Cannot be addressed with shadow */
+
+ return (int)index;
+}
+
+/* Returns the page address for an index in the shadow */
+static inline unsigned long shadow_to_ptr(const struct cfi_shadow *s,
+ int index)
+{
+ if (unlikely(index < 0 || index >= SHADOW_ARR_SLOTS))
+ return 0;
+
+ return (s->base + index) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+}
+
+/* Returns the __cfi_check function address for the given shadow location */
+static inline unsigned long shadow_to_check_fn(const struct cfi_shadow *s,
+ int index)
+{
+ if (unlikely(index < 0 || index >= SHADOW_ARR_SLOTS))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (unlikely(s->shadow[index] == SHADOW_INVALID))
+ return 0;
+
+ /* __cfi_check is always page aligned */
+ return (s->base + s->shadow[index]) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+}
+
+static void prepare_next_shadow(const struct cfi_shadow __rcu *prev,
+ struct cfi_shadow *next)
+{
+ int i, index, check;
+
+ /* Mark everything invalid */
+ memset(next->shadow, 0xFF, SHADOW_ARR_SIZE);
+
+ if (!prev)
+ return; /* No previous shadow */
+
+ /* If the base address didn't change, an update is not needed */
+ if (prev->base == next->base) {
+ memcpy(next->shadow, prev->shadow, SHADOW_ARR_SIZE);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Convert the previous shadow to the new address range */
+ for (i = 0; i < SHADOW_ARR_SLOTS; ++i) {
+ if (prev->shadow[i] == SHADOW_INVALID)
+ continue;
+
+ index = ptr_to_shadow(next, shadow_to_ptr(prev, i));
+ if (index < 0)
+ continue;
+
+ check = ptr_to_shadow(next,
+ shadow_to_check_fn(prev, prev->shadow[i]));
+ if (check < 0)
+ continue;
+
+ next->shadow[index] = (shadow_t)check;
+ }
+}
+
+static void add_module_to_shadow(struct cfi_shadow *s, struct module *mod,
+ unsigned long min_addr, unsigned long max_addr)
+{
+ int check_index;
+ unsigned long check = (unsigned long)mod->cfi_check;
+ unsigned long ptr;
+
+ if (unlikely(!PAGE_ALIGNED(check))) {
+ pr_warn("cfi: not using shadow for module %s\n", mod->name);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ check_index = ptr_to_shadow(s, check);
+ if (check_index < 0)
+ return; /* Module not addressable with shadow */
+
+ /* For each page, store the check function index in the shadow */
+ for (ptr = min_addr; ptr <= max_addr; ptr += PAGE_SIZE) {
+ int index = ptr_to_shadow(s, ptr);
+
+ if (index >= 0) {
+ /* Each page must only contain one module */
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(s->shadow[index] != SHADOW_INVALID);
+ s->shadow[index] = (shadow_t)check_index;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static void remove_module_from_shadow(struct cfi_shadow *s, struct module *mod,
+ unsigned long min_addr, unsigned long max_addr)
+{
+ unsigned long ptr;
+
+ for (ptr = min_addr; ptr <= max_addr; ptr += PAGE_SIZE) {
+ int index = ptr_to_shadow(s, ptr);
+
+ if (index >= 0)
+ s->shadow[index] = SHADOW_INVALID;
+ }
+}
+
+typedef void (*update_shadow_fn)(struct cfi_shadow *, struct module *,
+ unsigned long min_addr, unsigned long max_addr);
+
+static void update_shadow(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr,
+ update_shadow_fn fn)
+{
+ struct cfi_shadow *prev;
+ struct cfi_shadow *next;
+ unsigned long min_addr, max_addr;
+
+ next = vmalloc(SHADOW_SIZE);
+
+ mutex_lock(&shadow_update_lock);
+ prev = rcu_dereference_protected(cfi_shadow,
+ mutex_is_locked(&shadow_update_lock));
+
+ if (next) {
+ next->base = base_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+ prepare_next_shadow(prev, next);
+
+ min_addr = (unsigned long)mod->core_layout.base;
+ max_addr = min_addr + mod->core_layout.text_size;
+ fn(next, mod, min_addr & PAGE_MASK, max_addr & PAGE_MASK);
+
+ set_memory_ro((unsigned long)next, SHADOW_PAGES);
+ }
+
+ rcu_assign_pointer(cfi_shadow, next);
+ mutex_unlock(&shadow_update_lock);
+ synchronize_rcu_expedited();
+
+ if (prev) {
+ set_memory_rw((unsigned long)prev, SHADOW_PAGES);
+ vfree(prev);
+ }
+}
+
+void cfi_module_add(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr)
+{
+ update_shadow(mod, base_addr, add_module_to_shadow);
+}
+
+void cfi_module_remove(struct module *mod, unsigned long base_addr)
+{
+ update_shadow(mod, base_addr, remove_module_from_shadow);
+}
+
+static inline cfi_check_fn ptr_to_check_fn(const struct cfi_shadow __rcu *s,
+ unsigned long ptr)
+{
+ int index;
+
+ if (unlikely(!s))
+ return NULL; /* No shadow available */
+
+ index = ptr_to_shadow(s, ptr);
+ if (index < 0)
+ return NULL; /* Cannot be addressed with shadow */
+
+ return (cfi_check_fn)shadow_to_check_fn(s, index);
+}
+
+static inline cfi_check_fn find_shadow_check_fn(unsigned long ptr)
+{
+ cfi_check_fn fn;
+
+ rcu_read_lock_sched();
+ fn = ptr_to_check_fn(rcu_dereference_sched(cfi_shadow), ptr);
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched();
+
+ return fn;
+}
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW */
+
+static inline cfi_check_fn find_shadow_check_fn(unsigned long ptr)
+{
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW */
+
+static inline cfi_check_fn find_module_check_fn(unsigned long ptr)
+{
+ cfi_check_fn fn = NULL;
+ struct module *mod;
+
+ rcu_read_lock_sched();
+ mod = __module_address(ptr);
+ if (mod)
+ fn = mod->cfi_check;
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched();
+
+ return fn;
+}
+
+static inline cfi_check_fn find_check_fn(unsigned long ptr)
+{
+ cfi_check_fn fn = NULL;
+
+ if (is_kernel_text(ptr))
+ return __cfi_check;
+
+ /*
+ * Indirect call checks can happen when RCU is not watching. Both
+ * the shadow and __module_address use RCU, so we need to wake it
+ * up if necessary.
+ */
+ RCU_NONIDLE({
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CFI_CLANG_SHADOW))
+ fn = find_shadow_check_fn(ptr);
+
+ if (!fn)
+ fn = find_module_check_fn(ptr);
+ });
+
+ return fn;
+}
+
+void __cfi_slowpath_diag(uint64_t id, void *ptr, void *diag)
+{
+ cfi_check_fn fn = find_check_fn((unsigned long)ptr);
+
+ if (likely(fn))
+ fn(id, ptr, diag);
+ else /* Don't allow unchecked modules */
+ handle_cfi_failure(ptr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__cfi_slowpath_diag);
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_MODULES */
+
+void __cfi_slowpath_diag(uint64_t id, void *ptr, void *diag)
+{
+ handle_cfi_failure(ptr); /* No modules */
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__cfi_slowpath_diag);
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */
+
+void cfi_failure_handler(void *data, void *ptr, void *vtable)
+{
+ handle_cfi_failure(ptr);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(cfi_failure_handler);
@@ -2146,6 +2146,8 @@ void __weak module_arch_freeing_init(struct module *mod)
{
}
+static void cfi_cleanup(struct module *mod);
+
/* Free a module, remove from lists, etc. */
static void free_module(struct module *mod)
{
@@ -2187,6 +2189,9 @@ static void free_module(struct module *mod)
synchronize_rcu();
mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
+ /* Clean up CFI for the module. */
+ cfi_cleanup(mod);
+
/* This may be empty, but that's OK */
module_arch_freeing_init(mod);
module_memfree(mod->init_layout.base);
@@ -3866,6 +3871,8 @@ static int unknown_module_param_cb(char *param, char *val, const char *modname,
return 0;
}
+static void cfi_init(struct module *mod);
+
/*
* Allocate and load the module: note that size of section 0 is always
* zero, and we rely on this for optional sections.
@@ -3997,6 +4004,9 @@ static int load_module(struct load_info *info, const char __user *uargs,
flush_module_icache(mod);
+ /* Setup CFI for the module. */
+ cfi_init(mod);
+
/* Now copy in args */
mod->args = strndup_user(uargs, ~0UL >> 1);
if (IS_ERR(mod->args)) {
@@ -4070,6 +4080,7 @@ static int load_module(struct load_info *info, const char __user *uargs,
synchronize_rcu();
kfree(mod->args);
free_arch_cleanup:
+ cfi_cleanup(mod);
module_arch_cleanup(mod);
free_modinfo:
free_modinfo(mod);
@@ -4415,6 +4426,38 @@ int module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol(int (*fn)(void *, const char *,
#endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
#endif /* CONFIG_KALLSYMS */
+static void cfi_init(struct module *mod)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
+ initcall_t *init;
+ exitcall_t *exit;
+
+ rcu_read_lock_sched();
+ mod->cfi_check = (cfi_check_fn)
+ find_kallsyms_symbol_value(mod, "__cfi_check");
+ init = (initcall_t *)
+ find_kallsyms_symbol_value(mod, "__cfi_jt_init_module");
+ exit = (exitcall_t *)
+ find_kallsyms_symbol_value(mod, "__cfi_jt_cleanup_module");
+ rcu_read_unlock_sched();
+
+ /* Fix init/exit functions to point to the CFI jump table */
+ if (init)
+ mod->init = *init;
+ if (exit)
+ mod->exit = *exit;
+
+ cfi_module_add(mod, module_addr_min);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void cfi_cleanup(struct module *mod)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_CFI_CLANG
+ cfi_module_remove(mod, module_addr_min);
+#endif
+}
+
/* Maximum number of characters written by module_flags() */
#define MODULE_FLAGS_BUF_SIZE (TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT + 4)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ modname = $(notdir $(@:.mod.o=))
part-of-module = y
quiet_cmd_cc_o_c = CC [M] $@
- cmd_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
+ cmd_cc_o_c = $(CC) $(filter-out $(CC_FLAGS_CFI), $(c_flags)) -c -o $@ $<
%.mod.o: %.mod.c FORCE
$(call if_changed_dep,cc_o_c)