| Message ID | 20220106004656.126790-9-daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| State | RFC |
| Delegated to: | Herbert Xu |
| Headers | show |
| Series | padata, vfio, sched: Multithreaded VFIO page pinning | expand |
On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 07:46:48PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > padata threads hold mmap_lock as reader for the majority of their > runtime in order to call pin_user_pages_remote(), but they also > periodically take mmap_lock as writer for short periods to adjust > mm->locked_vm, hurting parallelism. > > Alleviate the write-side contention with a per-thread cache of locked_vm > which allows taking mmap_lock as writer far less frequently. > > Failure to refill the cache due to insufficient locked_vm will not cause > the entire pinning operation to error out. This avoids spurious failure > in case some pinned pages aren't accounted to locked_vm. > > Cache size is limited to provide some protection in the unlikely event > of a concurrent locked_vm accounting operation in the same address space > needlessly failing in case the cache takes more locked_vm than it needs. Why not just do the pinned page accounting once at the start? Why does it have to be done incrementally? Jason
On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 08:53:39PM -0400, Jason Gunthorpe wrote: > On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 07:46:48PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > > padata threads hold mmap_lock as reader for the majority of their > > runtime in order to call pin_user_pages_remote(), but they also > > periodically take mmap_lock as writer for short periods to adjust > > mm->locked_vm, hurting parallelism. > > > > Alleviate the write-side contention with a per-thread cache of locked_vm > > which allows taking mmap_lock as writer far less frequently. > > > > Failure to refill the cache due to insufficient locked_vm will not cause > > the entire pinning operation to error out. This avoids spurious failure > > in case some pinned pages aren't accounted to locked_vm. > > > > Cache size is limited to provide some protection in the unlikely event > > of a concurrent locked_vm accounting operation in the same address space > > needlessly failing in case the cache takes more locked_vm than it needs. > > Why not just do the pinned page accounting once at the start? Why does > it have to be done incrementally? Yeah, good question. I tried doing it that way recently and it did improve performance a bit, but I thought it wasn't enough of a gain to justify how it overaccounted by the size of the entire pin. If the concurrent accounting I worried about above isn't really a concern, though, I can reconsider this.
On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 08:17:08PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 08:53:39PM -0400, Jason Gunthorpe wrote: > > On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 07:46:48PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > > > padata threads hold mmap_lock as reader for the majority of their > > > runtime in order to call pin_user_pages_remote(), but they also > > > periodically take mmap_lock as writer for short periods to adjust > > > mm->locked_vm, hurting parallelism. > > > > > > Alleviate the write-side contention with a per-thread cache of locked_vm > > > which allows taking mmap_lock as writer far less frequently. > > > > > > Failure to refill the cache due to insufficient locked_vm will not cause > > > the entire pinning operation to error out. This avoids spurious failure > > > in case some pinned pages aren't accounted to locked_vm. > > > > > > Cache size is limited to provide some protection in the unlikely event > > > of a concurrent locked_vm accounting operation in the same address space > > > needlessly failing in case the cache takes more locked_vm than it needs. > > > > Why not just do the pinned page accounting once at the start? Why does > > it have to be done incrementally? > > Yeah, good question. I tried doing it that way recently and it did > improve performance a bit, but I thought it wasn't enough of a gain to > justify how it overaccounted by the size of the entire pin. Why would it over account? Jason
On Thu, 6 Jan 2022 08:34:56 -0400 Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com> wrote: > On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 08:17:08PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > > On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 08:53:39PM -0400, Jason Gunthorpe wrote: > > > On Wed, Jan 05, 2022 at 07:46:48PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > > > > padata threads hold mmap_lock as reader for the majority of their > > > > runtime in order to call pin_user_pages_remote(), but they also > > > > periodically take mmap_lock as writer for short periods to adjust > > > > mm->locked_vm, hurting parallelism. > > > > > > > > Alleviate the write-side contention with a per-thread cache of locked_vm > > > > which allows taking mmap_lock as writer far less frequently. > > > > > > > > Failure to refill the cache due to insufficient locked_vm will not cause > > > > the entire pinning operation to error out. This avoids spurious failure > > > > in case some pinned pages aren't accounted to locked_vm. > > > > > > > > Cache size is limited to provide some protection in the unlikely event > > > > of a concurrent locked_vm accounting operation in the same address space > > > > needlessly failing in case the cache takes more locked_vm than it needs. > > > > > > Why not just do the pinned page accounting once at the start? Why does > > > it have to be done incrementally? > > > > Yeah, good question. I tried doing it that way recently and it did > > improve performance a bit, but I thought it wasn't enough of a gain to > > justify how it overaccounted by the size of the entire pin. > > Why would it over account? We'd be guessing that the entire virtual address mapping counts against locked memory limits, but it might include PFNMAP pages or pages that are already account via the page pinning interface that mdev devices use. At that point we're risking that the user isn't concurrently doing something else that could fail as a result of pre-accounting and fixup later schemes like this. Thanks, Alex
On Thu, Jan 06, 2022 at 02:05:27PM -0700, Alex Williamson wrote: > > > Yeah, good question. I tried doing it that way recently and it did > > > improve performance a bit, but I thought it wasn't enough of a gain to > > > justify how it overaccounted by the size of the entire pin. > > > > Why would it over account? > > We'd be guessing that the entire virtual address mapping counts against > locked memory limits, but it might include PFNMAP pages or pages that > are already account via the page pinning interface that mdev devices > use. At that point we're risking that the user isn't concurrently > doing something else that could fail as a result of pre-accounting and > fixup later schemes like this. Thanks, At least in iommufd I'm planning to keep the P2P ranges seperated from the normal page ranges. For user space compat we'd have to scan over the VA range looking for special VMAs. I expect in most cases there are few VMAs.. Computing the # pages pinned by mdevs requires a interval tree scan, in Daniel's target scenario the intervals will be empty so this costs nothing. At least it seems like it is not an insurmountable problem if it makes an appreciable difference.. After seeing Daniels's patches I've been wondering if the pin step in iommufd's draft could be parallized on a per-map basis without too much trouble. It might give Daniel a way to do a quick approach comparison.. Jason
On Thu, Jan 06, 2022 at 08:19:45PM -0400, Jason Gunthorpe wrote: > On Thu, Jan 06, 2022 at 02:05:27PM -0700, Alex Williamson wrote: > > > > Yeah, good question. I tried doing it that way recently and it did > > > > improve performance a bit, but I thought it wasn't enough of a gain to > > > > justify how it overaccounted by the size of the entire pin. > > > > > > Why would it over account? > > > > We'd be guessing that the entire virtual address mapping counts against > > locked memory limits, but it might include PFNMAP pages or pages that > > are already account via the page pinning interface that mdev devices > > use. At that point we're risking that the user isn't concurrently > > doing something else that could fail as a result of pre-accounting and > > fixup later schemes like this. Thanks, Yes, that's exactly what I was thinking. > At least in iommufd I'm planning to keep the P2P ranges seperated from > the normal page ranges. For user space compat we'd have to scan over > the VA range looking for special VMAs. I expect in most cases there > are few VMAs.. > > Computing the # pages pinned by mdevs requires a interval tree scan, > in Daniel's target scenario the intervals will be empty so this costs > nothing. > > At least it seems like it is not an insurmountable problem if it makes > an appreciable difference.. Ok, I can think more about this. > After seeing Daniels's patches I've been wondering if the pin step in > iommufd's draft could be parallized on a per-map basis without too > much trouble. It might give Daniel a way to do a quick approach > comparison.. Sorry, comparison between what? I can take a look at iommufd tomorrow though and see if your comment makes more sense.
On Thu, Jan 06, 2022 at 10:06:42PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > > At least it seems like it is not an insurmountable problem if it makes > > an appreciable difference.. > > Ok, I can think more about this. Unfortunately iommufd is not quite ready yet, otherwise I might suggest just focus on that not type 1 optimizations. Depends on your timeframe I suppose. > > After seeing Daniels's patches I've been wondering if the pin step in > > iommufd's draft could be parallized on a per-map basis without too > > much trouble. It might give Daniel a way to do a quick approach > > comparison.. > > Sorry, comparison between what? I can take a look at iommufd tomorrow > though and see if your comment makes more sense. I think it might be easier to change the iommufd locking than the type1 locking to allow kernel-side parallel map ioctls. It is already almost properly locked for this right now, just the iopt lock covers a little bit too much. It could give some idea what kind of performance user managed concurrency gives vs kernel auto threading. Jason
On Fri, Jan 07, 2022 at 11:18:07AM -0400, Jason Gunthorpe wrote: > On Thu, Jan 06, 2022 at 10:06:42PM -0500, Daniel Jordan wrote: > > > > At least it seems like it is not an insurmountable problem if it makes > > > an appreciable difference.. > > > > Ok, I can think more about this. > > Unfortunately iommufd is not quite ready yet, otherwise I might > suggest just focus on that not type 1 optimizations. Depends on your > timeframe I suppose. Ok, I see. Well, sooner the better I guess, we've been carrying changes for this a while. > > > After seeing Daniels's patches I've been wondering if the pin step in > > > iommufd's draft could be parallized on a per-map basis without too > > > much trouble. It might give Daniel a way to do a quick approach > > > comparison.. > > > > Sorry, comparison between what? I can take a look at iommufd tomorrow > > though and see if your comment makes more sense. > > I think it might be easier to change the iommufd locking than the > type1 locking to allow kernel-side parallel map ioctls. It is already > almost properly locked for this right now, just the iopt lock covers a > little bit too much. > > It could give some idea what kind of performance user managed > concurrency gives vs kernel auto threading. Aha, I see, thanks!
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c index faee849f1cce..c2edc5a4c727 100644 --- a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c +++ b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ static int vfio_wait_all_valid(struct vfio_iommu *iommu) static long vfio_pin_pages_remote(struct vfio_dma *dma, unsigned long vaddr, long npage, unsigned long *pfn_base, unsigned long limit, struct vfio_batch *batch, - struct mm_struct *mm) + struct mm_struct *mm, long *lock_cache) { unsigned long pfn; long ret, pinned = 0, lock_acct = 0; @@ -709,15 +709,25 @@ static long vfio_pin_pages_remote(struct vfio_dma *dma, unsigned long vaddr, * the user. */ if (!rsvd && !vfio_find_vpfn(dma, iova)) { - if (!dma->lock_cap && + if (!dma->lock_cap && *lock_cache == 0 && mm->locked_vm + lock_acct + 1 > limit) { pr_warn("%s: RLIMIT_MEMLOCK (%ld) exceeded\n", __func__, limit << PAGE_SHIFT); ret = -ENOMEM; goto unpin_out; } - lock_acct++; - } + /* + * Draw from the cache if possible to avoid + * taking the write-side mmap_lock in + * vfio_lock_acct(), which will alleviate + * contention with the read-side mmap_lock in + * vaddr_get_pfn(). + */ + if (*lock_cache > 0) + (*lock_cache)--; + else + lock_acct++; + } pinned++; npage--; @@ -1507,6 +1517,13 @@ static void vfio_pin_map_dma_undo(unsigned long start_vaddr, vfio_unmap_unpin(args->iommu, args->dma, iova, end, true); } +/* + * Relieve mmap_lock contention when multithreading page pinning by caching + * locked_vm locally. Bound the locked_vm that a thread will cache but not use + * with this constant, which compromises between performance and overaccounting. + */ +#define LOCKED_VM_CACHE_PAGES 65536 + static int vfio_pin_map_dma_chunk(unsigned long start_vaddr, unsigned long end_vaddr, void *arg) { @@ -1515,6 +1532,7 @@ static int vfio_pin_map_dma_chunk(unsigned long start_vaddr, dma_addr_t iova = dma->iova + (start_vaddr - dma->vaddr); unsigned long unmapped_size = end_vaddr - start_vaddr; unsigned long pfn, mapped_size = 0; + long cache_size, lock_cache = 0; struct vfio_batch batch; long npage; int ret = 0; @@ -1522,11 +1540,29 @@ static int vfio_pin_map_dma_chunk(unsigned long start_vaddr, vfio_batch_init(&batch); while (unmapped_size) { + if (lock_cache == 0) { + cache_size = min_t(long, unmapped_size >> PAGE_SHIFT, + LOCKED_VM_CACHE_PAGES); + ret = vfio_lock_acct(dma, cache_size, false); + /* + * More locked_vm is cached than might be used, so + * don't fail on -ENOMEM, i.e. exceeding RLIMIT_MEMLOCK. + */ + if (ret) { + if (ret != -ENOMEM) { + vfio_batch_unpin(&batch, dma); + break; + } + cache_size = 0; + } + lock_cache = cache_size; + } + /* Pin a contiguous chunk of memory */ npage = vfio_pin_pages_remote(dma, start_vaddr + mapped_size, unmapped_size >> PAGE_SHIFT, &pfn, args->limit, &batch, - args->mm); + args->mm, &lock_cache); if (npage <= 0) { WARN_ON(!npage); ret = (int)npage; @@ -1548,6 +1584,7 @@ static int vfio_pin_map_dma_chunk(unsigned long start_vaddr, } vfio_batch_fini(&batch); + vfio_lock_acct(dma, -lock_cache, false); /* * Undo the successfully completed part of this chunk now. padata will @@ -1771,6 +1808,7 @@ static int vfio_iommu_replay(struct vfio_iommu *iommu, struct rb_node *n; unsigned long limit = rlimit(RLIMIT_MEMLOCK) >> PAGE_SHIFT; int ret; + long lock_cache = 0; ret = vfio_wait_all_valid(iommu); if (ret < 0) @@ -1832,7 +1870,8 @@ static int vfio_iommu_replay(struct vfio_iommu *iommu, n >> PAGE_SHIFT, &pfn, limit, &batch, - current->mm); + current->mm, + &lock_cache); if (npage <= 0) { WARN_ON(!npage); ret = (int)npage;
padata threads hold mmap_lock as reader for the majority of their runtime in order to call pin_user_pages_remote(), but they also periodically take mmap_lock as writer for short periods to adjust mm->locked_vm, hurting parallelism. Alleviate the write-side contention with a per-thread cache of locked_vm which allows taking mmap_lock as writer far less frequently. Failure to refill the cache due to insufficient locked_vm will not cause the entire pinning operation to error out. This avoids spurious failure in case some pinned pages aren't accounted to locked_vm. Cache size is limited to provide some protection in the unlikely event of a concurrent locked_vm accounting operation in the same address space needlessly failing in case the cache takes more locked_vm than it needs. Performance Testing =================== The tests measure the time from qemu invocation to roughly the end of qemu guest initialization, and cover all combinations of these parameters: - guest memory type (hugetlb, THP) - guest memory size (16, 128, 360-or-980 G) - number of qemu prealloc threads (0, 16) The goal is to find reasonable values for - number of padata threads (0, 8, 16, 24, 32) - locked_vm cache size in pages (0, 32768, 65536, 131072) The winning compromises seem to be 16 threads and 65536 pages. They both balance between performance on the one hand and threading efficiency or needless locked_vm accounting failures on the other. Hardware info: - Intel Xeon Platinum 8167M (Skylake) 2 nodes * 26 cores * 2 threads = 104 CPUs 2.00GHz, performance scaling governor, turbo enabled 384G/node = 768G memory - AMD EPYC 7J13 (Milan) 2 nodes * 64 cores * 2 threads = 256 CPUs 2.50GHz, performance scaling governor, turbo enabled ~1T/node = ~2T memory The base kernel is 5.14. I had to downgrade from 5.15 because of an intel iommu bug that's since been fixed. The qemu version is 6.2.0-rc4. Key: qthr: number of qemu prealloc threads mem: guest memory size pin: wall time of the largest VFIO page pin (qemu does several) qemu init: wall time of qemu invocation to roughly the end of qemu init thr: number of padata threads Summary Data ============ All tests in the summary section use 16 padata threads and 65536 pages of locked_vm cache. With these settings, there's some contention on pmd lock. When increasing the padata min chunk size from 128M to 1G to align threads on PMD page table boundaries, the contention drops significantly but the times get worse (don't you hate it when that happens?). I'm planning to look into this more. qemu prealloc significantly reduces the pinning time, as expected, but counterintuitively makes qemu on the base kernel take longer to initialize a THP-backed guest than when qemu prealloc isn't used. That's something to investigate, but not this series. Intel ~~~~~ base test ...................... .......................................... qemu qemu qemu mem pin init pin pin init init qthr (G) (s) (std) (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) hugetlb 0 16 2.9 (0.0) 3.8 (0.0) 11.2x 0.3 (0.0) 5.2x 0.7 (0.0) 0 128 26.6 (0.1) 28.0 (0.1) 12.0x 2.2 (0.0) 8.7x 3.2 (0.0) 0 360 75.1 (0.5) 77.5 (0.5) 11.9x 6.3 (0.0) 9.2x 8.4 (0.0) 16 16 0.1 (0.0) 0.7 (0.0) 2.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 16 128 0.6 (0.0) 3.6 (0.0) 7.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 16 360 1.8 (0.0) 9.4 (0.0) 8.5x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) THP 0 16 3.3 (0.0) 4.2 (0.0) 7.3x 0.4 (0.0) 4.2x 1.0 (0.0) 0 128 29.5 (0.2) 30.5 (0.2) 11.8x 2.5 (0.0) 9.6x 3.2 (0.0) 0 360 83.8 (0.6) 85.1 (0.6) 11.9x 7.0 (0.0) 10.7x 8.0 (0.0) 16 16 0.6 (0.0) 6.1 (0.0) 4.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.1) 16 128 5.1 (0.0) 44.5 (0.0) 9.6x 0.5 (0.0) 1.1x 40.3 (0.4) 16 360 14.4 (0.0) 125.4 (0.3) 9.7x 1.5 (0.0) 1.1x 111.5 (0.8) AMD ~~~ base test ....................... .......................................... qemu qemu qemu mem pin init pin pin init init qthr (G) (s) (std) (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) hugetlb 0 16 1.1 (0.0) 1.5 (0.0) 4.3x 0.2 (0.0) 2.6x 0.6 (0.0) 0 128 9.6 (0.1) 10.2 (0.1) 4.3x 2.2 (0.0) 3.6x 2.8 (0.0) 0 980 74.1 (0.7) 75.7 (0.7) 4.3x 17.1 (0.0) 3.9x 19.2 (0.0) 16 16 0.0 (0.0) 0.6 (0.0) 3.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 16 128 0.3 (0.0) 2.7 (0.0) 8.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 16 980 2.0 (0.0) 18.2 (0.1) 8.1x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 16.4 (0.0) THP 0 16 1.2 (0.0) 1.7 (0.0) 4.0x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.7 (0.0) 0 128 10.9 (0.1) 11.4 (0.1) 4.1x 2.7 (0.2) 3.7x 3.1 (0.2) 0 980 85.3 (0.6) 86.1 (0.6) 4.7x 18.3 (0.0) 4.5x 19.0 (0.0) 16 16 0.5 (0.3) 6.2 (0.4) 5.1x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.7 (0.1) 16 128 3.4 (0.8) 45.5 (1.0) 8.5x 0.4 (0.1) 1.1x 42.1 (0.2) 16 980 19.6 (0.9) 337.9 (0.7) 6.5x 3.0 (0.2) 1.1x 320.4 (0.7) All Data ======== The first row in each table is the base kernel (0 threads). The remaining rows are all the test kernel and are sorted by fastest time. Intel ~~~~~ hugetlb lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 16 -- 0 -- 2.9 (0.0) -- 3.8 (0.0) 65536 16 11.2x 0.3 (0.0) 5.2x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 24 11.2x 0.3 (0.0) 5.2x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 16 11.2x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 24 10.9x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 16 10.2x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 32 10.4x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 32 10.4x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 32 10.5x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 24 10.0x 0.3 (0.0) 5.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 8 7.4x 0.4 (0.0) 4.2x 0.9 (0.0) 65536 8 7.1x 0.4 (0.0) 4.1x 0.9 (0.0) 32768 8 6.8x 0.4 (0.0) 4.1x 0.9 (0.0) 0 8 2.7x 1.1 (0.3) 2.3x 1.6 (0.3) 0 16 1.9x 1.6 (0.0) 1.7x 2.2 (0.0) 0 32 1.9x 1.6 (0.0) 1.7x 2.2 (0.0) 0 24 1.8x 1.6 (0.0) 1.7x 2.2 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 2.9 (0.0) 1.0x 3.8 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 2.9 (0.0) 1.0x 3.8 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 2.9 (0.0) 1.0x 3.8 (0.0) 32768 1 1.0x 3.0 (0.0) 1.0x 3.8 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 128 -- 0 -- 26.6 (0.1) -- 28.0 (0.1) 131072 24 13.1x 2.0 (0.0) 9.2x 3.0 (0.0) 131072 32 12.9x 2.1 (0.0) 9.2x 3.1 (0.0) 131072 16 12.7x 2.1 (0.0) 9.1x 3.1 (0.0) 65536 24 12.3x 2.2 (0.0) 8.9x 3.1 (0.0) 65536 32 12.3x 2.2 (0.0) 8.9x 3.2 (0.0) 65536 16 12.0x 2.2 (0.0) 8.7x 3.2 (0.0) 32768 24 11.1x 2.4 (0.0) 8.3x 3.4 (0.0) 32768 32 11.0x 2.4 (0.0) 8.2x 3.4 (0.0) 32768 16 11.0x 2.4 (0.0) 8.2x 3.4 (0.0) 131072 8 7.5x 3.6 (0.0) 6.1x 4.6 (0.0) 65536 8 7.1x 3.7 (0.1) 5.9x 4.8 (0.0) 32768 8 6.8x 3.9 (0.1) 5.7x 4.9 (0.1) 0 8 3.0x 8.9 (0.6) 2.8x 10.0 (0.7) 0 16 1.9x 13.8 (0.3) 1.9x 14.9 (0.3) 0 32 1.9x 14.1 (0.2) 1.8x 15.2 (0.3) 0 24 1.8x 14.4 (0.1) 1.8x 15.6 (0.1) 131072 1 1.0x 26.4 (0.2) 1.0x 27.8 (0.2) 65536 1 1.0x 26.5 (0.0) 1.0x 27.9 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 26.6 (0.3) 1.0x 27.9 (0.3) 32768 1 1.0x 26.6 (0.2) 1.0x 28.0 (0.2) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 360 -- 0 -- 75.1 (0.5) -- 77.5 (0.5) 131072 24 13.0x 5.8 (0.0) 9.9x 7.8 (0.0) 131072 32 12.9x 5.8 (0.0) 9.8x 7.9 (0.0) 131072 16 12.6x 6.0 (0.0) 9.6x 8.1 (0.0) 65536 24 12.4x 6.0 (0.0) 9.6x 8.1 (0.0) 65536 32 12.1x 6.2 (0.0) 9.4x 8.3 (0.0) 65536 16 11.9x 6.3 (0.0) 9.2x 8.4 (0.0) 32768 24 11.3x 6.6 (0.0) 8.9x 8.7 (0.0) 32768 16 10.9x 6.9 (0.0) 8.7x 9.0 (0.0) 32768 32 10.7x 7.0 (0.1) 8.6x 9.1 (0.1) 131072 8 7.4x 10.1 (0.0) 6.3x 12.3 (0.0) 65536 8 7.2x 10.5 (0.1) 6.2x 12.6 (0.1) 32768 8 6.8x 11.1 (0.1) 5.9x 13.2 (0.1) 0 8 3.2x 23.6 (0.3) 3.0x 25.7 (0.3) 0 32 1.9x 39.2 (0.2) 1.9x 41.5 (0.2) 0 16 1.9x 39.8 (0.4) 1.8x 42.0 (0.4) 0 24 1.8x 40.9 (0.4) 1.8x 43.1 (0.4) 32768 1 1.0x 74.9 (0.5) 1.0x 77.3 (0.5) 131072 1 1.0x 75.3 (0.6) 1.0x 77.7 (0.6) 0 1 1.0x 75.6 (0.2) 1.0x 78.1 (0.2) 65536 1 1.0x 75.9 (0.1) 1.0x 78.4 (0.1) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 16 -- 0 -- 0.1 (0.0) -- 0.7 (0.0) 65536 24 8.3x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 32 6.3x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 32 4.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 8 4.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 24 4.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 16 3.9x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 32 3.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 24 4.0x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 8 2.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 0 16 3.1x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 16 2.7x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 16 2.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 0 24 2.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 0 8 2.8x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 8 2.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 0 32 2.3x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 1 0.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.0x 0.8 (0.0) 131072 1 0.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.0x 0.8 (0.0) 65536 1 0.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.0x 0.8 (0.0) 0 1 0.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.0x 0.8 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 128 -- 0 -- 0.6 (0.0) -- 3.6 (0.0) 131072 24 13.4x 0.0 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 65536 32 11.8x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 131072 32 11.8x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 32768 32 10.4x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 32768 24 9.3x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 131072 16 8.7x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 65536 16 7.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 32768 16 7.7x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 65536 24 7.6x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 131072 8 5.7x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.0 (0.0) 65536 8 4.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.1 (0.0) 32768 8 4.6x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 3.1 (0.0) 0 8 3.9x 0.2 (0.0) 1.1x 3.1 (0.0) 0 16 3.1x 0.2 (0.1) 1.1x 3.1 (0.1) 0 24 2.9x 0.2 (0.0) 1.1x 3.2 (0.0) 0 32 2.6x 0.2 (0.0) 1.1x 3.2 (0.0) 131072 1 0.9x 0.7 (0.0) 1.0x 3.6 (0.0) 65536 1 0.9x 0.7 (0.0) 1.0x 3.6 (0.0) 32768 1 0.9x 0.7 (0.0) 1.0x 3.6 (0.0) 0 1 0.9x 0.7 (0.0) 1.0x 3.6 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 360 -- 0 -- 1.8 (0.0) -- 9.4 (0.0) 131072 32 15.1x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 7.7 (0.0) 65536 32 13.5x 0.1 (0.0) 1.2x 7.7 (0.0) 65536 24 11.6x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 131072 16 11.5x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 32768 32 11.3x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 32768 24 10.5x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 131072 24 10.4x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 32768 16 8.8x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 65536 16 8.5x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 7.8 (0.0) 131072 8 6.1x 0.3 (0.0) 1.2x 7.9 (0.1) 65536 8 5.5x 0.3 (0.0) 1.2x 7.9 (0.0) 32768 8 5.3x 0.3 (0.0) 1.2x 7.9 (0.0) 0 8 4.8x 0.4 (0.1) 1.2x 8.0 (0.1) 0 16 3.3x 0.5 (0.1) 1.2x 8.1 (0.1) 0 24 3.1x 0.6 (0.0) 1.1x 8.2 (0.0) 0 32 2.7x 0.7 (0.0) 1.1x 8.3 (0.0) 131072 1 0.9x 1.9 (0.0) 1.0x 9.5 (0.0) 32768 1 0.9x 1.9 (0.0) 1.0x 9.5 (0.0) 65536 1 0.9x 1.9 (0.0) 1.0x 9.6 (0.0) 0 1 0.9x 1.9 (0.0) 1.0x 9.5 (0.0) THP lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 16 -- 0 -- 3.3 (0.0) -- 4.2 (0.0) 32768 32 7.5x 0.4 (0.0) 4.3x 1.0 (0.0) 131072 32 7.6x 0.4 (0.0) 4.3x 1.0 (0.0) 65536 16 7.3x 0.4 (0.0) 4.2x 1.0 (0.0) 65536 32 7.5x 0.4 (0.0) 4.3x 1.0 (0.0) 131072 16 7.2x 0.5 (0.0) 4.2x 1.0 (0.0) 65536 24 7.0x 0.5 (0.0) 4.1x 1.0 (0.0) 131072 24 6.9x 0.5 (0.0) 4.1x 1.0 (0.0) 32768 16 6.3x 0.5 (0.0) 3.9x 1.1 (0.0) 32768 24 5.7x 0.6 (0.0) 3.8x 1.1 (0.0) 32768 8 5.0x 0.7 (0.0) 3.5x 1.2 (0.0) 65536 8 5.4x 0.6 (0.0) 3.4x 1.2 (0.1) 131072 8 5.7x 0.6 (0.0) 3.5x 1.2 (0.1) 0 32 2.0x 1.6 (0.1) 1.8x 2.3 (0.1) 0 24 1.9x 1.7 (0.0) 1.7x 2.5 (0.1) 0 16 1.8x 1.8 (0.3) 1.6x 2.6 (0.3) 0 8 1.9x 1.7 (0.3) 1.7x 2.5 (0.3) 0 1 1.0x 3.3 (0.0) 1.0x 4.2 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 3.3 (0.0) 1.0x 4.2 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 3.3 (0.0) 1.0x 4.2 (0.0) 32768 1 1.0x 3.3 (0.0) 1.0x 4.2 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 128 -- 0 -- 29.5 (0.2) -- 30.5 (0.2) 131072 24 12.9x 2.3 (0.0) 10.3x 2.9 (0.0) 131072 32 12.8x 2.3 (0.0) 10.2x 3.0 (0.0) 131072 16 12.5x 2.4 (0.0) 10.0x 3.0 (0.0) 65536 24 12.1x 2.4 (0.0) 9.8x 3.1 (0.0) 65536 32 12.0x 2.4 (0.0) 9.8x 3.1 (0.0) 65536 16 11.8x 2.5 (0.0) 9.6x 3.2 (0.0) 32768 24 11.1x 2.7 (0.0) 9.1x 3.3 (0.0) 32768 32 10.7x 2.7 (0.0) 8.9x 3.4 (0.0) 32768 16 10.6x 2.8 (0.0) 8.8x 3.5 (0.0) 131072 8 7.3x 4.0 (0.0) 6.4x 4.8 (0.0) 65536 8 7.1x 4.2 (0.0) 6.2x 4.9 (0.0) 32768 8 6.6x 4.4 (0.0) 5.8x 5.2 (0.0) 0 8 3.6x 8.1 (0.7) 3.4x 9.0 (0.7) 0 32 2.2x 13.6 (1.9) 2.1x 14.5 (1.9) 0 16 2.1x 14.0 (3.2) 2.1x 14.8 (3.2) 0 24 2.1x 14.1 (3.1) 2.0x 15.0 (3.1) 0 1 1.0x 29.6 (0.2) 1.0x 30.6 (0.2) 32768 1 1.0x 29.6 (0.2) 1.0x 30.7 (0.2) 131072 1 1.0x 29.7 (0.0) 1.0x 30.7 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 29.8 (0.1) 1.0x 30.8 (0.1) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 360 -- 0 -- 83.8 (0.6) -- 85.1 (0.6) 131072 24 13.6x 6.2 (0.0) 12.0x 7.1 (0.0) 131072 32 13.4x 6.2 (0.0) 11.9x 7.2 (0.0) 65536 24 12.8x 6.6 (0.1) 11.3x 7.5 (0.1) 131072 16 12.7x 6.6 (0.0) 11.3x 7.5 (0.0) 65536 32 12.4x 6.8 (0.0) 11.0x 7.7 (0.0) 65536 16 11.9x 7.0 (0.0) 10.7x 8.0 (0.0) 32768 24 11.4x 7.4 (0.0) 10.3x 8.3 (0.0) 32768 32 11.0x 7.6 (0.0) 10.0x 8.5 (0.0) 32768 16 10.7x 7.8 (0.0) 9.7x 8.8 (0.0) 131072 8 7.4x 11.4 (0.0) 6.8x 12.4 (0.0) 65536 8 7.2x 11.7 (0.0) 6.7x 12.7 (0.0) 32768 8 6.7x 12.6 (0.1) 6.2x 13.6 (0.1) 0 8 3.1x 27.2 (6.1) 3.0x 28.3 (6.1) 0 32 2.1x 39.9 (6.4) 2.1x 41.0 (6.4) 0 24 2.1x 40.6 (6.6) 2.0x 41.7 (6.6) 0 16 2.0x 42.6 (0.1) 1.9x 43.8 (0.1) 131072 1 1.0x 83.9 (0.5) 1.0x 85.2 (0.5) 65536 1 1.0x 84.2 (0.3) 1.0x 85.5 (0.3) 32768 1 1.0x 84.6 (0.1) 1.0x 85.9 (0.1) 0 1 1.0x 84.9 (0.1) 1.0x 86.2 (0.1) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 16 -- 0 -- 0.6 (0.0) -- 6.1 (0.0) 65536 32 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.5 (0.0) 32768 32 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 131072 24 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 131072 32 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.5 (0.0) 65536 24 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 32768 24 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.1) 65536 16 4.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.1) 32768 16 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 131072 16 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.1) 65536 8 4.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 131072 8 4.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.7 (0.1) 32768 8 4.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 0 32 1.6x 0.4 (0.0) 1.0x 5.9 (0.1) 0 24 1.6x 0.4 (0.0) 1.0x 5.9 (0.0) 0 16 1.5x 0.4 (0.0) 1.0x 6.0 (0.0) 0 8 1.5x 0.4 (0.0) 1.0x 5.9 (0.1) 65536 1 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 1.0x 6.1 (0.1) 32768 1 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 1.0x 6.1 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 1.0x 6.2 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 1.0x 6.2 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 128 -- 0 -- 5.1 (0.0) -- 44.5 (0.0) 131072 32 16.5x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 40.4 (0.3) 65536 32 15.7x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 40.4 (0.6) 131072 24 13.9x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 39.8 (0.3) 32768 32 14.1x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 40.0 (0.5) 65536 24 12.9x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 39.8 (0.5) 32768 24 12.2x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 40.1 (0.1) 65536 16 9.6x 0.5 (0.0) 1.1x 40.3 (0.4) 131072 16 9.7x 0.5 (0.0) 1.1x 40.4 (0.5) 32768 16 9.2x 0.5 (0.0) 1.1x 40.8 (0.5) 65536 8 5.5x 0.9 (0.0) 1.1x 40.5 (0.5) 131072 8 5.5x 0.9 (0.0) 1.1x 40.7 (0.6) 32768 8 5.2x 1.0 (0.0) 1.1x 40.7 (0.3) 0 32 1.6x 3.1 (0.0) 1.0x 43.5 (0.8) 0 24 1.6x 3.2 (0.0) 1.0x 42.9 (0.5) 0 16 1.5x 3.3 (0.0) 1.0x 43.5 (0.4) 0 8 1.5x 3.5 (0.0) 1.0x 43.4 (0.5) 65536 1 1.0x 5.0 (0.0) 1.0x 44.6 (0.1) 32768 1 1.0x 5.0 (0.0) 1.0x 44.9 (0.2) 131072 1 1.0x 5.0 (0.0) 1.0x 44.8 (0.2) 0 1 1.0x 5.0 (0.0) 1.0x 44.8 (0.3) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 360 -- 0 -- 14.4 (0.0) -- 125.4 (0.3) 131072 32 16.5x 0.9 (0.0) 1.1x 112.0 (0.7) 65536 32 14.9x 1.0 (0.0) 1.1x 113.3 (1.3) 32768 32 14.0x 1.0 (0.0) 1.1x 112.6 (1.0) 131072 24 13.5x 1.1 (0.0) 1.1x 111.3 (0.9) 65536 24 13.3x 1.1 (0.0) 1.1x 112.3 (0.8) 32768 24 12.4x 1.2 (0.0) 1.1x 111.1 (0.8) 65536 16 9.7x 1.5 (0.0) 1.1x 111.5 (0.8) 131072 16 9.7x 1.5 (0.0) 1.1x 112.1 (1.2) 32768 16 9.3x 1.5 (0.0) 1.1x 113.2 (0.4) 131072 8 5.5x 2.6 (0.0) 1.1x 114.8 (1.3) 32768 8 5.5x 2.6 (0.0) 1.1x 114.1 (1.0) 65536 8 5.4x 2.6 (0.0) 1.1x 115.0 (3.3) 0 32 1.6x 8.8 (0.0) 1.0x 120.7 (0.7) 0 24 1.6x 8.9 (0.0) 1.1x 119.4 (0.1) 0 16 1.5x 9.5 (0.0) 1.0x 120.1 (0.7) 0 8 1.4x 10.1 (0.2) 1.0x 123.6 (1.9) 32768 1 1.0x 14.3 (0.0) 1.0x 126.2 (0.9) 65536 1 1.0x 14.3 (0.0) 1.0x 125.4 (0.6) 131072 1 1.0x 14.3 (0.0) 1.0x 126.5 (1.0) 0 1 1.0x 14.3 (0.0) 1.0x 124.7 (1.2) AMD ~~~ hugetlb lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 16 -- 0 -- 1.1 (0.0) -- 1.5 (0.0) 131072 8 4.3x 0.2 (0.0) 2.5x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 16 4.3x 0.2 (0.0) 2.6x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 8 4.0x 0.3 (0.0) 2.5x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 24 3.8x 0.3 (0.0) 2.4x 0.6 (0.0) 32768 32 3.6x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.6 (0.0) 131072 32 3.6x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 32 3.5x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.6 (0.0) 32768 8 3.4x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 24 3.0x 0.3 (0.0) 2.1x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 16 2.8x 0.4 (0.0) 2.0x 0.8 (0.1) 32768 16 2.6x 0.4 (0.0) 1.9x 0.8 (0.0) 32768 24 2.6x 0.4 (0.0) 1.9x 0.8 (0.0) 0 32 1.3x 0.8 (0.0) 1.2x 1.2 (0.0) 0 24 1.3x 0.8 (0.0) 1.2x 1.3 (0.0) 0 16 1.2x 0.9 (0.0) 1.2x 1.3 (0.0) 0 8 1.1x 0.9 (0.0) 1.1x 1.4 (0.0) 32768 1 1.0x 1.1 (0.0) 1.0x 1.5 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 1.1 (0.0) 1.0x 1.5 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 1.1 (0.0) 1.0x 1.5 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 1.1 (0.0) 1.0x 1.5 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 128 -- 0 -- 9.6 (0.1) -- 10.2 (0.1) 131072 32 4.5x 2.1 (0.0) 3.9x 2.6 (0.0) 131072 8 4.4x 2.2 (0.0) 3.7x 2.8 (0.1) 65536 16 4.3x 2.2 (0.0) 3.6x 2.8 (0.0) 131072 16 4.2x 2.3 (0.1) 3.6x 2.9 (0.0) 65536 8 4.1x 2.3 (0.0) 3.6x 2.8 (0.0) 131072 24 4.1x 2.4 (0.1) 3.5x 3.0 (0.1) 65536 24 3.8x 2.5 (0.0) 3.4x 3.0 (0.0) 65536 32 3.8x 2.5 (0.0) 3.3x 3.1 (0.0) 32768 32 3.6x 2.6 (0.0) 3.3x 3.1 (0.0) 32768 8 3.3x 2.9 (0.1) 2.9x 3.5 (0.1) 32768 16 3.2x 3.0 (0.3) 2.9x 3.5 (0.3) 32768 24 2.5x 3.8 (0.0) 2.3x 4.4 (0.0) 0 16 1.2x 7.8 (0.1) 1.2x 8.4 (0.1) 0 8 1.2x 8.3 (0.1) 1.1x 8.9 (0.1) 32768 1 1.0x 9.6 (0.1) 1.0x 10.3 (0.1) 65536 1 1.0x 9.6 (0.0) 1.0x 10.3 (0.1) 131072 1 1.0x 9.7 (0.0) 1.0x 10.3 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 9.7 (0.0) 1.0x 10.4 (0.0) 0 24 0.9x 10.2 (0.6) 0.9x 10.8 (0.6) 0 32 0.9x 10.5 (0.5) 0.9x 11.2 (0.5) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 980 -- 0 -- 74.1 (0.7) -- 75.7 (0.7) 131072 16 4.7x 15.9 (0.1) 4.3x 17.4 (0.1) 131072 24 4.6x 16.0 (0.0) 4.2x 18.1 (0.0) 131072 32 4.6x 16.3 (0.0) 4.1x 18.4 (0.0) 131072 8 4.4x 16.9 (0.1) 4.1x 18.5 (0.1) 65536 16 4.3x 17.1 (0.0) 3.9x 19.2 (0.0) 65536 24 4.3x 17.4 (0.0) 3.9x 19.5 (0.0) 65536 32 4.2x 17.7 (0.0) 3.8x 19.9 (0.1) 65536 8 4.1x 18.2 (0.0) 3.7x 20.4 (0.0) 32768 24 3.7x 19.8 (0.1) 3.4x 22.0 (0.1) 32768 16 3.7x 20.2 (0.2) 3.5x 21.8 (0.2) 32768 32 3.6x 20.4 (0.1) 3.4x 22.5 (0.1) 32768 8 3.4x 21.6 (0.5) 3.3x 23.1 (0.5) 0 16 1.2x 60.4 (0.6) 1.2x 62.0 (0.6) 0 8 1.1x 65.3 (1.0) 1.1x 67.6 (1.0) 0 24 1.0x 73.1 (2.7) 1.0x 75.4 (2.6) 131072 1 1.0x 75.0 (0.7) 1.0x 77.3 (0.7) 65536 1 1.0x 75.4 (0.7) 1.0x 77.7 (0.7) 0 1 1.0x 75.6 (0.7) 1.0x 77.8 (0.7) 32768 1 1.0x 75.8 (0.0) 1.0x 78.0 (0.0) 0 32 0.8x 92.9 (1.2) 0.8x 95.3 (1.1) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 16 -- 0 -- 0.0 (0.0) -- 0.6 (0.0) 131072 24 5.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 32768 16 4.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 32768 32 4.8x 0.0 (0.0) 0.9x 0.6 (0.0) 131072 16 4.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 131072 32 4.3x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 131072 8 4.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 32768 8 4.4x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 24 3.7x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 16 3.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 8 2.8x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 32768 24 3.0x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 32 2.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 0 32 2.1x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 0 16 2.3x 0.0 (0.0) 0.9x 0.6 (0.0) 0 8 2.2x 0.0 (0.0) 0.9x 0.6 (0.0) 0 24 1.2x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 0.0 (0.0) 0.9x 0.6 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 0.0 (0.0) 0.9x 0.7 (0.0) 32768 1 0.8x 0.0 (0.0) 0.9x 0.6 (0.0) 0 1 0.9x 0.0 (0.0) 1.0x 0.6 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 128 -- 0 -- 0.3 (0.0) -- 2.7 (0.0) 131072 24 10.4x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 65536 16 8.5x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 32768 24 7.7x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 32768 32 7.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 65536 24 6.1x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 131072 16 5.8x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 131072 32 5.6x 0.0 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 32768 8 5.2x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 65536 32 4.8x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.5 (0.0) 32768 16 4.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 131072 8 4.4x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 65536 8 4.2x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 0 8 2.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 0 16 2.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.5 (0.0) 0 24 2.8x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 2.4 (0.0) 0 32 1.2x 0.2 (0.0) 1.0x 2.6 (0.0) 32768 1 1.0x 0.3 (0.0) 1.0x 2.7 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 0.3 (0.0) 1.0x 2.7 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 0.3 (0.0) 1.0x 2.7 (0.0) 0 1 0.9x 0.3 (0.0) 1.0x 2.7 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 980 -- 0 -- 2.0 (0.0) -- 18.2 (0.1) 131072 32 11.2x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 15.7 (0.0) 131072 16 9.4x 0.2 (0.0) 1.2x 15.7 (0.0) 65536 24 9.2x 0.2 (0.0) 1.1x 16.3 (0.0) 65536 16 8.1x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 16.4 (0.0) 32768 16 7.1x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 15.8 (0.0) 131072 24 7.1x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 15.8 (0.0) 65536 32 6.2x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 16.4 (0.0) 65536 8 5.7x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 16.5 (0.1) 32768 32 5.6x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 16.5 (0.0) 32768 24 5.6x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 15.9 (0.0) 131072 8 5.0x 0.4 (0.0) 1.1x 16.0 (0.0) 32768 8 3.0x 0.7 (0.0) 1.1x 16.3 (0.1) 0 8 2.8x 0.7 (0.0) 1.1x 16.2 (0.0) 0 16 2.7x 0.8 (0.1) 1.1x 16.9 (0.1) 0 24 1.6x 1.2 (0.4) 1.0x 17.4 (0.4) 32768 1 1.0x 2.1 (0.0) 1.0x 18.1 (0.0) 0 32 1.0x 2.1 (0.0) 1.0x 17.7 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 2.1 (0.0) 1.0x 18.2 (0.1) 131072 1 1.0x 2.1 (0.0) 1.0x 18.3 (0.0) 0 1 0.9x 2.2 (0.0) 1.0x 17.7 (0.0) THP lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 16 -- 0 -- 1.2 (0.0) -- 1.7 (0.0) 131072 8 4.3x 0.3 (0.0) 2.4x 0.7 (0.0) 131072 32 3.1x 0.4 (0.0) 2.1x 0.8 (0.0) 65536 16 4.0x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 8 3.9x 0.3 (0.0) 2.3x 0.7 (0.0) 65536 24 3.3x 0.4 (0.0) 2.1x 0.8 (0.0) 65536 32 3.3x 0.4 (0.0) 2.2x 0.8 (0.0) 32768 16 2.6x 0.5 (0.0) 1.9x 0.9 (0.0) 131072 24 3.3x 0.4 (0.0) 2.1x 0.8 (0.0) 32768 32 3.3x 0.4 (0.0) 2.1x 0.8 (0.0) 131072 16 3.1x 0.4 (0.0) 2.0x 0.8 (0.0) 32768 24 2.5x 0.5 (0.0) 1.9x 0.9 (0.0) 32768 8 3.2x 0.4 (0.0) 1.9x 0.9 (0.0) 0 24 1.3x 1.0 (0.0) 1.2x 1.4 (0.0) 0 32 1.2x 1.0 (0.0) 1.1x 1.5 (0.1) 0 8 1.2x 1.0 (0.0) 1.1x 1.5 (0.0) 0 16 1.2x 1.0 (0.0) 1.1x 1.5 (0.0) 131072 1 1.0x 1.2 (0.0) 1.0x 1.7 (0.0) 65536 1 1.0x 1.2 (0.0) 1.0x 1.7 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 1.2 (0.0) 1.0x 1.7 (0.0) 32768 1 1.0x 1.2 (0.0) 1.0x 1.7 (0.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 128 -- 0 -- 10.9 (0.1) -- 11.4 (0.1) 131072 16 5.0x 2.2 (0.0) 4.3x 2.7 (0.0) 131072 32 4.8x 2.3 (0.0) 4.2x 2.7 (0.0) 131072 24 4.6x 2.4 (0.0) 4.1x 2.8 (0.1) 131072 8 4.7x 2.3 (0.0) 4.1x 2.8 (0.0) 65536 24 4.4x 2.5 (0.0) 3.9x 2.9 (0.0) 65536 32 4.1x 2.7 (0.1) 3.7x 3.1 (0.1) 65536 16 4.1x 2.7 (0.2) 3.7x 3.1 (0.2) 65536 8 4.0x 2.7 (0.1) 3.6x 3.2 (0.1) 32768 24 3.8x 2.9 (0.0) 3.4x 3.4 (0.0) 32768 32 3.6x 3.0 (0.1) 3.3x 3.5 (0.1) 32768 8 3.5x 3.1 (0.0) 3.2x 3.6 (0.1) 32768 16 3.3x 3.3 (0.2) 3.1x 3.7 (0.2) 0 16 1.3x 8.3 (0.4) 1.3x 8.8 (0.4) 0 8 1.2x 8.8 (0.4) 1.2x 9.3 (0.4) 0 24 1.1x 10.1 (1.2) 1.1x 10.7 (1.3) 0 32 1.1x 10.3 (1.3) 1.1x 10.8 (1.3) 131072 1 1.0x 10.9 (0.0) 1.0x 11.5 (0.0) 32768 1 1.0x 11.0 (0.1) 1.0x 11.6 (0.1) 65536 1 1.0x 11.1 (0.0) 1.0x 11.6 (0.0) 0 1 1.0x 11.1 (0.2) 1.0x 11.6 (0.2) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 0 980 -- 0 -- 85.3 (0.6) -- 86.1 (0.6) 131072 16 5.2x 16.4 (0.0) 5.0x 17.1 (0.0) 131072 24 5.1x 16.7 (0.1) 4.9x 17.4 (0.1) 131072 32 5.0x 17.1 (0.0) 4.8x 17.8 (0.0) 131072 8 4.7x 18.3 (0.1) 4.5x 19.0 (0.1) 65536 16 4.7x 18.3 (0.0) 4.5x 19.0 (0.0) 65536 24 4.6x 18.5 (0.0) 4.5x 19.2 (0.0) 65536 32 4.5x 18.8 (0.0) 4.4x 19.6 (0.0) 65536 8 4.3x 19.6 (0.0) 4.2x 20.4 (0.0) 32768 16 3.9x 21.6 (0.0) 3.9x 22.4 (0.0) 32768 24 3.9x 22.1 (0.3) 3.8x 22.8 (0.3) 32768 32 3.8x 22.4 (0.1) 3.7x 23.1 (0.1) 32768 8 3.8x 22.7 (0.0) 3.7x 23.5 (0.0) 0 16 1.3x 64.6 (2.7) 1.3x 65.4 (2.7) 0 8 1.2x 70.0 (2.7) 1.2x 70.8 (2.7) 0 32 1.0x 82.4 (5.7) 1.0x 83.2 (5.7) 0 24 1.0x 83.4 (6.9) 1.0x 84.1 (6.9) 131072 1 1.0x 84.2 (0.3) 1.0x 85.0 (0.3) 0 1 1.0x 84.8 (1.3) 1.0x 85.6 (1.3) 65536 1 1.0x 84.9 (0.4) 1.0x 85.7 (0.4) 32768 1 1.0x 85.6 (1.3) 1.0x 86.4 (1.3) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 16 -- 0 -- 0.5 (0.3) -- 6.2 (0.4) 131072 32 4.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 65536 16 5.1x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.7 (0.1) 65536 32 5.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.1) 32768 16 5.0x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.7 (0.0) 32768 8 5.8x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.6 (0.0) 65536 24 5.7x 0.1 (0.0) 1.1x 5.7 (0.0) 32768 32 3.9x 0.1 (0.0) 1.0x 5.9 (0.1) 131072 16 3.7x 0.1 (0.1) 1.0x 6.0 (0.3) 65536 8 4.0x 0.1 (0.1) 1.1x 5.9 (0.1) 131072 24 3.6x 0.1 (0.1) 1.0x 5.9 (0.5) 131072 8 2.5x 0.2 (0.1) 1.0x 6.0 (0.6) 32768 24 1.7x 0.3 (0.1) 1.0x 6.5 (0.2) 131072 1 1.8x 0.3 (0.0) 1.1x 5.9 (0.0) 0 32 1.6x 0.3 (0.0) 1.0x 6.2 (0.2) 0 8 1.0x 0.5 (0.0) 1.0x 6.2 (0.1) 0 24 0.9x 0.5 (0.3) 1.0x 6.3 (0.5) 0 1 0.9x 0.5 (0.4) 1.0x 6.2 (0.5) 32768 1 0.8x 0.6 (0.3) 1.0x 6.5 (0.4) 0 16 0.7x 0.7 (0.7) 0.9x 6.6 (0.8) 65536 1 0.6x 0.9 (0.5) 0.9x 6.7 (0.7) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 128 -- 0 -- 3.4 (0.8) -- 45.5 (1.0) 131072 32 11.7x 0.3 (0.1) 1.1x 42.1 (0.2) 65536 16 8.5x 0.4 (0.1) 1.1x 42.1 (0.2) 32768 32 8.6x 0.4 (0.2) 1.1x 43.0 (0.2) 65536 32 8.9x 0.4 (0.1) 1.0x 43.6 (0.3) 32768 24 7.9x 0.4 (0.1) 1.1x 42.3 (0.3) 32768 16 6.5x 0.5 (0.2) 1.1x 42.5 (0.5) 65536 24 6.7x 0.5 (0.2) 1.1x 42.6 (0.5) 131072 24 5.8x 0.6 (0.5) 1.1x 42.5 (0.6) 131072 16 5.0x 0.7 (0.6) 1.1x 42.4 (0.8) 131072 8 3.8x 0.9 (0.4) 1.1x 42.7 (0.5) 65536 8 3.2x 1.1 (0.5) 1.1x 42.9 (0.6) 32768 8 3.1x 1.1 (0.4) 1.1x 43.3 (1.0) 0 32 1.1x 3.0 (0.2) 1.0x 45.1 (0.2) 0 24 1.2x 2.9 (0.1) 1.0x 44.6 (0.2) 0 8 1.0x 3.5 (1.1) 1.0x 45.5 (1.2) 32768 1 1.0x 3.6 (0.9) 1.0x 45.5 (0.7) 131072 1 1.0x 3.5 (1.1) 1.0x 45.6 (1.4) 0 1 0.9x 3.6 (0.5) 1.0x 45.6 (0.4) 0 16 0.9x 3.6 (0.2) 1.0x 45.7 (0.2) 65536 1 0.9x 3.6 (1.0) 1.0x 45.8 (1.0) lockedvm qemu qemu mem cache pin pin init init qthr (G) (pages) thr speedup (s) (std) speedup (s) (std) 16 980 -- 0 -- 19.6 (0.9) -- 337.9 (0.7) 131072 32 9.7x 2.0 (0.4) 1.0x 323.0 (0.7) 131072 24 8.8x 2.2 (0.4) 1.0x 324.6 (0.8) 65536 32 8.4x 2.3 (0.2) 1.0x 323.1 (0.5) 32768 24 7.9x 2.5 (0.1) 1.1x 319.4 (1.0) 65536 24 8.1x 2.4 (0.1) 1.0x 322.3 (0.8) 32768 32 7.4x 2.6 (0.2) 1.1x 321.2 (0.8) 131072 16 6.9x 2.8 (0.3) 1.0x 331.0 (8.8) 65536 16 6.5x 3.0 (0.2) 1.1x 320.4 (0.7) 32768 16 5.9x 3.3 (0.5) 1.0x 328.3 (1.5) 65536 8 5.3x 3.7 (0.4) 1.1x 320.8 (1.0) 32768 8 4.8x 4.1 (0.2) 1.0x 328.9 (0.8) 131072 8 4.7x 4.1 (0.2) 1.1x 319.4 (0.9) 0 8 1.2x 16.9 (0.7) 1.0x 333.9 (3.1) 0 32 1.1x 18.0 (0.7) 1.0x 336.1 (0.8) 0 24 1.1x 18.0 (1.6) 1.0x 336.7 (1.7) 65536 1 1.0x 19.0 (0.5) 1.0x 341.0 (0.3) 131072 1 1.0x 19.7 (1.0) 1.0x 335.7 (1.0) 0 16 1.0x 19.8 (1.8) 1.0x 338.8 (1.8) 32768 1 0.9x 20.7 (1.5) 1.0x 337.6 (1.9) 0 1 0.9x 21.3 (1.4) 1.0x 339.5 (1.8) Signed-off-by: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com> --- drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)