Message ID | 20230817125007.2681331-4-mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com (mailing list archive) |
---|---|
State | New, archived |
Headers | show |
Series | Get optimal audio frequency and channels | expand |
Hi Mitul, kernel test robot noticed the following build warnings: [auto build test WARNING on drm-tip/drm-tip] url: https://github.com/intel-lab-lkp/linux/commits/Mitul-Golani/drm-i915-Add-has_audio-to-separate-audio-parameter-in-crtc_state/20230817-205556 base: git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm-tip drm-tip patch link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230817125007.2681331-4-mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani%40intel.com patch subject: [Intel-gfx] [PATCH 3/3] drm/i915/display: Add wrapper to Compute SAD config: x86_64-buildonly-randconfig-r001-20230817 (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20230817/202308172319.rTgU3hnc-lkp@intel.com/config) compiler: clang version 16.0.4 (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git ae42196bc493ffe877a7e3dff8be32035dea4d07) reproduce: (https://download.01.org/0day-ci/archive/20230817/202308172319.rTgU3hnc-lkp@intel.com/reproduce) If you fix the issue in a separate patch/commit (i.e. not just a new version of the same patch/commit), kindly add following tags | Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> | Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202308172319.rTgU3hnc-lkp@intel.com/ All warnings (new ones prefixed by >>): >> drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c:822:39: warning: variable 'channel_count' is uninitialized when used here [-Wuninitialized] audio_req_bandwidth = calc_audio_bw(channel_count, ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c:812:19: note: initialize the variable 'channel_count' to silence this warning int channel_count; ^ = 0 1 warning generated. vim +/channel_count +822 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c 808 809 static void calibrate_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config, int channel) 810 { 811 struct drm_display_mode *adjusted_mode = &pipe_config->hw.adjusted_mode; 812 int channel_count; 813 int index, rate[] = { 192000, 176000, 96000, 88000, 48000, 44100, 32000 }; 814 int audio_req_bandwidth, available_blank_bandwidth, vblank, hblank; 815 816 hblank = adjusted_mode->htotal - adjusted_mode->hdisplay; 817 vblank = adjusted_mode->vtotal - adjusted_mode->vdisplay; 818 available_blank_bandwidth = hblank * vblank * 819 drm_mode_vrefresh(adjusted_mode) * pipe_config->pipe_bpp; 820 821 for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { > 822 audio_req_bandwidth = calc_audio_bw(channel_count, 823 rate[index]); 824 if (audio_req_bandwidth < available_blank_bandwidth) { 825 pipe_config->audio.max_rate = rate[index]; 826 pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = channel_count; 827 return; 828 } 829 } 830 831 pipe_config->audio.max_rate = 0; 832 pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; 833 } 834
On Thu, 17 Aug 2023, Mitul Golani <mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com> wrote: > Compute SADs that takes into account the supported rate > and channel based on the capabilities of the audio source. > This wrapper function should encapsulate the logic for > determining the supported rate and channel and should > return a set of SADs that are compatible with the source. > > --v1: > - call intel_audio_compute_eld in this commit as it is > defined here > > --v2: > - Handle case when max frequency is less than 32k. > - remove drm prefix. > - name change for parse_sad to eld_to_sad. > > --v3: > - Use signed int wherever required. > - add debug trace when channel is limited. > > --v4: > - remove inline from eld_to_sad. > - declare index outside of for loop with int type. > - Correct mask value calculation. > - remove drm_err, instead just return if eld parsing failed. > - remove unncessary typecast > - reduce indentation while parsing sad > - use intel_audio_compute_eld as static and call bandwidth > calculation just before that. > > --v9: > - Handling the case when, sink supported channel is less > than max supported. In that case, rate needs to be calibrate > in accordance with available bandwidth. > > Signed-off-by: Mitul Golani <mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com> > --- > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++- > 1 file changed, 106 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > index 79377e33a59b..c90ac2608eef 100644 > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > @@ -806,6 +806,111 @@ static void calc_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config) > pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; > } > This was added in previous patch: +static void calc_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config) +{ + struct drm_display_mode *adjusted_mode = &pipe_config->hw.adjusted_mode; + int channel_count; + int index, rate[] = { 192000, 176000, 96000, 88000, 48000, 44100, 32000 }; + int audio_req_bandwidth, available_blank_bandwidth, vblank, hblank; + + hblank = adjusted_mode->htotal - adjusted_mode->hdisplay; + vblank = adjusted_mode->vtotal - adjusted_mode->vdisplay; + available_blank_bandwidth = hblank * vblank * + drm_mode_vrefresh(adjusted_mode) * pipe_config->pipe_bpp; + for (channel_count = MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT; channel_count > 0; channel_count--) { + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { + audio_req_bandwidth = calc_audio_bw(channel_count, + rate[index]); + if (audio_req_bandwidth < available_blank_bandwidth) { + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = rate[index]; + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = channel_count; + return; + } + } + } + + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = 0; + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; +} And this here: > +static void calibrate_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config, int channel) > +{ > + struct drm_display_mode *adjusted_mode = &pipe_config->hw.adjusted_mode; > + int channel_count; > + int index, rate[] = { 192000, 176000, 96000, 88000, 48000, 44100, 32000 }; > + int audio_req_bandwidth, available_blank_bandwidth, vblank, hblank; > + > + hblank = adjusted_mode->htotal - adjusted_mode->hdisplay; > + vblank = adjusted_mode->vtotal - adjusted_mode->vdisplay; > + available_blank_bandwidth = hblank * vblank * > + drm_mode_vrefresh(adjusted_mode) * pipe_config->pipe_bpp; > + > + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { > + audio_req_bandwidth = calc_audio_bw(channel_count, > + rate[index]); > + if (audio_req_bandwidth < available_blank_bandwidth) { > + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = rate[index]; > + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = channel_count; > + return; > + } > + } > + > + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = 0; > + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; > +} This kind of stuff needs to be deduplicated. > + > +static int sad_to_channels(const u8 *sad) > +{ > + return 1 + (sad[0] & 0x7); > +} > + > +static u8 *eld_to_sad(u8 *eld) > +{ > + int ver, mnl; > + > + ver = (eld[DRM_ELD_VER] & DRM_ELD_VER_MASK) >> DRM_ELD_VER_SHIFT; > + if (ver != 2 && ver != 31) > + return NULL; > + > + mnl = drm_eld_mnl(eld); > + if (mnl > 16) > + return NULL; > + > + return eld + DRM_ELD_CEA_SAD(mnl, 0); > +} I'm still not happy with the copy-paste here. The parsing details should be hidden in drm_edid.c and that should be the Single Point of Truth how to deal with this. > + > +static int get_supported_freq_mask(struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state) > +{ > + int rate[] = { 32000, 44100, 48000, 88000, 96000, 176000, 192000 }; This is like the third copy of the same array already... and the values are also present in the existing dp/hdmi aud arrays in intel_audio.c. And those have 88200 instead of 88000, so which one is correct? > + int mask = 0, index; > + > + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { > + if (rate[index] > crtc_state->audio.max_rate) > + break; > + > + mask |= 1 << index; > + > + if (crtc_state->audio.max_rate != rate[index]) > + continue; > + } > + > + return mask; > +} > + > +static void intel_audio_compute_eld(struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state) > +{ > + struct drm_i915_private *i915 = to_i915(crtc_state->uapi.crtc->dev); > + u8 *eld, *sad; > + int index, mask = 0; > + > + eld = crtc_state->eld; > + if (!eld) > + return; > + > + sad = eld_to_sad(eld); > + if (!sad) > + return; > + > + calc_audio_config_params(crtc_state); > + > + mask = get_supported_freq_mask(crtc_state); > + for (index = 0; index < drm_eld_sad_count(eld); index++, sad += 3) { > + /* > + * Respect source restricitions. Limit capabilities to a subset that is > + * supported both by the source and the sink. > + */ > + if (sad_to_channels(sad) >= crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count) { > + sad[0] &= ~0x7; Also not happy with magic values here. > + sad[0] |= crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count - 1; > + drm_dbg_kms(&i915->drm, "Channel count is limited to %d\n", > + crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count - 1); > + } else { > + /* > + * calibrate rate when, sink supported channel > + * count is slight less than max supported > + * channel count. > + */ > + calibrate_audio_config_params(crtc_state, sad_to_channels(sad)); > + mask = get_supported_freq_mask(crtc_state); > + } > + > + sad[1] &= mask; > + } > +} > + > bool intel_audio_compute_config(struct intel_encoder *encoder, > struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state, > struct drm_connector_state *conn_state) > @@ -827,7 +932,7 @@ bool intel_audio_compute_config(struct intel_encoder *encoder, > > crtc_state->eld[6] = drm_av_sync_delay(connector, adjusted_mode) / 2; > > - calc_audio_config_params(crtc_state); > + intel_audio_compute_eld(crtc_state); > > return true; > }
Hi @Jani Nikula Thanks for reviewing patch series. > -----Original Message----- > From: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> > Sent: 18 August 2023 14:08 > To: Golani, Mitulkumar Ajitkumar > <mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com>; intel-gfx@lists.freedesktop.org > Cc: jyri.sarha@linux.intel.com > Subject: Re: [Intel-gfx] [PATCH 3/3] drm/i915/display: Add wrapper to > Compute SAD > > On Thu, 17 Aug 2023, Mitul Golani > <mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com> wrote: > > Compute SADs that takes into account the supported rate and channel > > based on the capabilities of the audio source. > > This wrapper function should encapsulate the logic for determining the > > supported rate and channel and should return a set of SADs that are > > compatible with the source. > > > > --v1: > > - call intel_audio_compute_eld in this commit as it is defined here > > > > --v2: > > - Handle case when max frequency is less than 32k. > > - remove drm prefix. > > - name change for parse_sad to eld_to_sad. > > > > --v3: > > - Use signed int wherever required. > > - add debug trace when channel is limited. > > > > --v4: > > - remove inline from eld_to_sad. > > - declare index outside of for loop with int type. > > - Correct mask value calculation. > > - remove drm_err, instead just return if eld parsing failed. > > - remove unncessary typecast > > - reduce indentation while parsing sad > > - use intel_audio_compute_eld as static and call bandwidth calculation > > just before that. > > > > --v9: > > - Handling the case when, sink supported channel is less than max > > supported. In that case, rate needs to be calibrate in accordance with > > available bandwidth. > > > > Signed-off-by: Mitul Golani <mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com> > > --- > > drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c | 107 > > ++++++++++++++++++++- > > 1 file changed, 106 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > > b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > > index 79377e33a59b..c90ac2608eef 100644 > > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c > > @@ -806,6 +806,111 @@ static void calc_audio_config_params(struct > intel_crtc_state *pipe_config) > > pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; } > > > > This was added in previous patch: > > +static void calc_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config) > +{ > + struct drm_display_mode *adjusted_mode = &pipe_config- > >hw.adjusted_mode; > + int channel_count; > + int index, rate[] = { 192000, 176000, 96000, 88000, 48000, 44100, > 32000 }; > + int audio_req_bandwidth, available_blank_bandwidth, vblank, > hblank; > + > + hblank = adjusted_mode->htotal - adjusted_mode->hdisplay; > + vblank = adjusted_mode->vtotal - adjusted_mode->vdisplay; > + available_blank_bandwidth = hblank * vblank * > + drm_mode_vrefresh(adjusted_mode) * > pipe_config->pipe_bpp; > + for (channel_count = MAX_CHANNEL_COUNT; channel_count > 0; > channel_count--) { > + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { > + audio_req_bandwidth = > calc_audio_bw(channel_count, > + rate[index]); > + if (audio_req_bandwidth < > available_blank_bandwidth) { > + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = rate[index]; > + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = > channel_count; > + return; > + } > + } > + } > + > + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = 0; > + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; > +} > > And this here: Thanks I have removed duplicated code for calibration and calculation, and merged them to one to avoid redundancy. > > > +static void calibrate_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state > > +*pipe_config, int channel) { > > + struct drm_display_mode *adjusted_mode = &pipe_config- > >hw.adjusted_mode; > > + int channel_count; > > + int index, rate[] = { 192000, 176000, 96000, 88000, 48000, 44100, > 32000 }; > > + int audio_req_bandwidth, available_blank_bandwidth, vblank, > hblank; > > + > > + hblank = adjusted_mode->htotal - adjusted_mode->hdisplay; > > + vblank = adjusted_mode->vtotal - adjusted_mode->vdisplay; > > + available_blank_bandwidth = hblank * vblank * > > + drm_mode_vrefresh(adjusted_mode) * > pipe_config->pipe_bpp; > > + > > + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { > > + audio_req_bandwidth = calc_audio_bw(channel_count, > > + rate[index]); > > + if (audio_req_bandwidth < available_blank_bandwidth) { > > + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = rate[index]; > > + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = > channel_count; > > + return; > > + } > > + } > > + > > + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = 0; > > + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; } > > This kind of stuff needs to be deduplicated. > > > + > > +static int sad_to_channels(const u8 *sad) { > > + return 1 + (sad[0] & 0x7); > > +} > > + > > +static u8 *eld_to_sad(u8 *eld) > > +{ > > + int ver, mnl; > > + > > + ver = (eld[DRM_ELD_VER] & DRM_ELD_VER_MASK) >> > DRM_ELD_VER_SHIFT; > > + if (ver != 2 && ver != 31) > > + return NULL; > > + > > + mnl = drm_eld_mnl(eld); > > + if (mnl > 16) > > + return NULL; > > + > > + return eld + DRM_ELD_CEA_SAD(mnl, 0); } > > I'm still not happy with the copy-paste here. The parsing details should be > hidden in drm_edid.c and that should be the Single Point of Truth how to > deal with this. > Thanks, I have added wrapper function adhering to const correctness while accessing SAD information. Please suggest if any other approach we can try. > > + > > +static int get_supported_freq_mask(struct intel_crtc_state > > +*crtc_state) { > > + int rate[] = { 32000, 44100, 48000, 88000, 96000, 176000, 192000 }; > > This is like the third copy of the same array already... and the values are > also present in the existing dp/hdmi aud arrays in intel_audio.c. > > And those have 88200 instead of 88000, so which one is correct? This was mistake while validating previous patches. I have corrected the same with reference to HDMI spec. > > > + int mask = 0, index; > > + > > + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { > > + if (rate[index] > crtc_state->audio.max_rate) > > + break; > > + > > + mask |= 1 << index; > > + > > + if (crtc_state->audio.max_rate != rate[index]) > > + continue; > > + } > > + > > + return mask; > > +} > > + > > +static void intel_audio_compute_eld(struct intel_crtc_state > > +*crtc_state) { > > + struct drm_i915_private *i915 = to_i915(crtc_state->uapi.crtc->dev); > > + u8 *eld, *sad; > > + int index, mask = 0; > > + > > + eld = crtc_state->eld; > > + if (!eld) > > + return; > > + > > + sad = eld_to_sad(eld); > > + if (!sad) > > + return; > > + > > + calc_audio_config_params(crtc_state); > > + > > + mask = get_supported_freq_mask(crtc_state); > > + for (index = 0; index < drm_eld_sad_count(eld); index++, sad += 3) { > > + /* > > + * Respect source restricitions. Limit capabilities to a subset > that is > > + * supported both by the source and the sink. > > + */ > > + if (sad_to_channels(sad) >= crtc_state- > >audio.max_channel_count) { > > + sad[0] &= ~0x7; > > Also not happy with magic values here. Thanks, defined the magic value. Regards, Mitul > > > + sad[0] |= crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count - 1; > > + drm_dbg_kms(&i915->drm, "Channel count is > limited to %d\n", > > + crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count - 1); > > + } else { > > + /* > > + * calibrate rate when, sink supported channel > > + * count is slight less than max supported > > + * channel count. > > + */ > > + calibrate_audio_config_params(crtc_state, > sad_to_channels(sad)); > > + mask = get_supported_freq_mask(crtc_state); > > + } > > + > > + sad[1] &= mask; > > + } > > +} > > + > > bool intel_audio_compute_config(struct intel_encoder *encoder, > > struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state, > > struct drm_connector_state *conn_state) > @@ -827,7 +932,7 @@ bool > > intel_audio_compute_config(struct intel_encoder *encoder, > > > > crtc_state->eld[6] = drm_av_sync_delay(connector, adjusted_mode) > / > > 2; > > > > - calc_audio_config_params(crtc_state); > > + intel_audio_compute_eld(crtc_state); > > > > return true; > > } > > -- > Jani Nikula, Intel Open Source Graphics Center
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c index 79377e33a59b..c90ac2608eef 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c @@ -806,6 +806,111 @@ static void calc_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config) pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; } +static void calibrate_audio_config_params(struct intel_crtc_state *pipe_config, int channel) +{ + struct drm_display_mode *adjusted_mode = &pipe_config->hw.adjusted_mode; + int channel_count; + int index, rate[] = { 192000, 176000, 96000, 88000, 48000, 44100, 32000 }; + int audio_req_bandwidth, available_blank_bandwidth, vblank, hblank; + + hblank = adjusted_mode->htotal - adjusted_mode->hdisplay; + vblank = adjusted_mode->vtotal - adjusted_mode->vdisplay; + available_blank_bandwidth = hblank * vblank * + drm_mode_vrefresh(adjusted_mode) * pipe_config->pipe_bpp; + + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { + audio_req_bandwidth = calc_audio_bw(channel_count, + rate[index]); + if (audio_req_bandwidth < available_blank_bandwidth) { + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = rate[index]; + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = channel_count; + return; + } + } + + pipe_config->audio.max_rate = 0; + pipe_config->audio.max_channel_count = 0; +} + +static int sad_to_channels(const u8 *sad) +{ + return 1 + (sad[0] & 0x7); +} + +static u8 *eld_to_sad(u8 *eld) +{ + int ver, mnl; + + ver = (eld[DRM_ELD_VER] & DRM_ELD_VER_MASK) >> DRM_ELD_VER_SHIFT; + if (ver != 2 && ver != 31) + return NULL; + + mnl = drm_eld_mnl(eld); + if (mnl > 16) + return NULL; + + return eld + DRM_ELD_CEA_SAD(mnl, 0); +} + +static int get_supported_freq_mask(struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state) +{ + int rate[] = { 32000, 44100, 48000, 88000, 96000, 176000, 192000 }; + int mask = 0, index; + + for (index = 0; index < ARRAY_SIZE(rate); index++) { + if (rate[index] > crtc_state->audio.max_rate) + break; + + mask |= 1 << index; + + if (crtc_state->audio.max_rate != rate[index]) + continue; + } + + return mask; +} + +static void intel_audio_compute_eld(struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state) +{ + struct drm_i915_private *i915 = to_i915(crtc_state->uapi.crtc->dev); + u8 *eld, *sad; + int index, mask = 0; + + eld = crtc_state->eld; + if (!eld) + return; + + sad = eld_to_sad(eld); + if (!sad) + return; + + calc_audio_config_params(crtc_state); + + mask = get_supported_freq_mask(crtc_state); + for (index = 0; index < drm_eld_sad_count(eld); index++, sad += 3) { + /* + * Respect source restricitions. Limit capabilities to a subset that is + * supported both by the source and the sink. + */ + if (sad_to_channels(sad) >= crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count) { + sad[0] &= ~0x7; + sad[0] |= crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count - 1; + drm_dbg_kms(&i915->drm, "Channel count is limited to %d\n", + crtc_state->audio.max_channel_count - 1); + } else { + /* + * calibrate rate when, sink supported channel + * count is slight less than max supported + * channel count. + */ + calibrate_audio_config_params(crtc_state, sad_to_channels(sad)); + mask = get_supported_freq_mask(crtc_state); + } + + sad[1] &= mask; + } +} + bool intel_audio_compute_config(struct intel_encoder *encoder, struct intel_crtc_state *crtc_state, struct drm_connector_state *conn_state) @@ -827,7 +932,7 @@ bool intel_audio_compute_config(struct intel_encoder *encoder, crtc_state->eld[6] = drm_av_sync_delay(connector, adjusted_mode) / 2; - calc_audio_config_params(crtc_state); + intel_audio_compute_eld(crtc_state); return true; }
Compute SADs that takes into account the supported rate and channel based on the capabilities of the audio source. This wrapper function should encapsulate the logic for determining the supported rate and channel and should return a set of SADs that are compatible with the source. --v1: - call intel_audio_compute_eld in this commit as it is defined here --v2: - Handle case when max frequency is less than 32k. - remove drm prefix. - name change for parse_sad to eld_to_sad. --v3: - Use signed int wherever required. - add debug trace when channel is limited. --v4: - remove inline from eld_to_sad. - declare index outside of for loop with int type. - Correct mask value calculation. - remove drm_err, instead just return if eld parsing failed. - remove unncessary typecast - reduce indentation while parsing sad - use intel_audio_compute_eld as static and call bandwidth calculation just before that. --v9: - Handling the case when, sink supported channel is less than max supported. In that case, rate needs to be calibrate in accordance with available bandwidth. Signed-off-by: Mitul Golani <mitulkumar.ajitkumar.golani@intel.com> --- drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_audio.c | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 106 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)