[v13,6/9] gfxstream + rutabaga: add initial support for gfxstream

Commit Message

Gurchetan Singh Aug. 29, 2023, 12:36 a.m. UTC

This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
are also implemented in this patch.

gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
platform.

Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.

gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].

One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.

Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
"AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.

cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.

In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
both require to function correctly.

Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
them.

It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
enthusiasts.

Technical details:
  - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
  - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
    calls

Next steps for Android VMs:
  - The next step would be improving display integration and UI interfaces
    with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
    release [d].

Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
  - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or the
    wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition, newer
    versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
    which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough, it'll
    probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this display
    virtualization strategy.

[a] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
[b] https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
[c] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
[d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
[e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl

Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]>
Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail]>
Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
---
 hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c |   47 ++
 hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c     | 1119 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c     |   50 ++
 3 files changed, 1216 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
 create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
 create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c

Comments

Akihiko Odaki Sept. 20, 2023, 11:42 a.m. UTC | #1

On 2023/08/29 9:36, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
> This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
> features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
> are also implemented in this patch.
> 
> gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
> paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
> Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
> platform.
> 
> Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
> The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
> auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
> allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
> implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.
> 
> gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
> between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
> Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
> academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
> Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
> panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
> support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].
> 
> One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
> Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
> a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.
> 
> Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
> the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
> port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
> It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
> "AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
> current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.
> 
> cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
> Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
> 2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.
> 
> In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
> and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
> both require to function correctly.
> 
> Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
> the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
> kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
> developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
> them.
> 
> It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
> nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
> another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
> enthusiasts.
> 
> Technical details:
>    - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
>    - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
>      calls
> 
> Next steps for Android VMs:
>    - The next step would be improving display integration and UI interfaces
>      with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
>      release [d].
> 
> Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
>    - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or the
>      wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition, newer
>      versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
>      which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough, it'll
>      probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this display
>      virtualization strategy.
> 
> [a] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
> [b] https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
> [c] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
> [d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
> [e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl
> 
> Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]>
> Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail]>
> Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
> Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
> ---
>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c |   47 ++
>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c     | 1119 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c     |   50 ++
>   3 files changed, 1216 insertions(+)
>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
> 
> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..c96729e198
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "qapi/error.h"
> +#include "qemu/module.h"
> +#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
> +#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pci.h"
> +#include "qom/object.h"
> +
> +#define TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci"
> +OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI, VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI)
> +
> +struct VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI {
> +    VirtIOGPUPCIBase parent_obj;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
> +};
> +
> +static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn(Object *obj)
> +{
> +    VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI *dev = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI(obj);
> +
> +    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
> +                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE(obj)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
> +}
> +
> +static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info[] = {
> +    {
> +        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI,
> +        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE,
> +        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI),
> +        .instance_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn,
> +        .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
> +            { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
> +        }
> +    },
> +};
> +
> +DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info)
> +
> +module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI);
> +module_kconfig(VIRTIO_PCI);
> +module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu-pci");
> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..a105e06214
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "qapi/error.h"
> +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
> +#include "qemu/iov.h"
> +#include "trace.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
> +
> +#include <glib/gmem.h>
> +#include <rutabaga_gfx/rutabaga_gfx_ffi.h>
> +
> +#define CHECK(condition, cmd)                                                 \
> +    do {                                                                      \
> +        if (!(condition)) {                                                   \
> +            error_report("CHECK failed in %s() %s:" "%d", __func__,           \
> +                         __FILE__, __LINE__);                                 \
> +            (cmd)->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;                        \
> +            return;                                                           \
> +       }                                                                      \
> +    } while (0)
> +
> +/*
> + * This is the size of the char array in struct sock_addr_un. No Wayland socket
> + * can be created with a path longer than this, including the null terminator.
> + */
> +#define UNIX_PATH_MAX sizeof((struct sockaddr_un) {} .sun_path)
> +
> +struct rutabaga_aio_data {
> +    struct VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr;
> +    struct rutabaga_fence fence;
> +};
> +
> +static void
> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_scanout *s,
> +                                  uint32_t resource_id)
> +{
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, resource_id);
> +    if (!res) {
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    if (res->width != s->current_cursor->width ||
> +        res->height != s->current_cursor->height) {
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    transfer.x = 0;
> +    transfer.y = 0;
> +    transfer.z = 0;
> +    transfer.w = res->width;
> +    transfer.h = res->height;
> +    transfer.d = 1;
> +
> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = s->current_cursor->data;
> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
> +
> +    rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
> +                                    resource_id, &transfer,
> +                                    &transfer_iovec);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed(VirtIOGPUBase *b)
> +{
> +    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(b);
> +    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d c2d;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c2d);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_2d(c2d.resource_id, c2d.format,
> +                                       c2d.width, c2d.height);
> +
> +    rc_3d.target = 2;
> +    rc_3d.format = c2d.format;
> +    rc_3d.bind = (1 << 1);
> +    rc_3d.width = c2d.width;
> +    rc_3d.height = c2d.height;
> +    rc_3d.depth = 1;
> +    rc_3d.array_size = 1;
> +    rc_3d.last_level = 0;
> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = 0;
> +    rc_3d.flags = VIRTIO_GPU_RESOURCE_FLAG_Y_0_TOP;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c2d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
> +    res->width = c2d.width;
> +    res->height = c2d.height;
> +    res->format = c2d.format;
> +    res->resource_id = c2d.resource_id;
> +
> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_3d c3d;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c3d);
> +
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d(c3d.resource_id, c3d.format,
> +                                       c3d.width, c3d.height, c3d.depth);
> +
> +    rc_3d.target = c3d.target;
> +    rc_3d.format = c3d.format;
> +    rc_3d.bind = c3d.bind;
> +    rc_3d.width = c3d.width;
> +    rc_3d.height = c3d.height;
> +    rc_3d.depth = c3d.depth;
> +    rc_3d.array_size = c3d.array_size;
> +    rc_3d.last_level = c3d.last_level;
> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = c3d.nr_samples;
> +    rc_3d.flags = c3d.flags;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c3d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
> +    res->width = c3d.width;
> +    res->height = c3d.height;
> +    res->format = c3d.format;
> +    res->resource_id = c3d.resource_id;
> +
> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unref unref;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(unref);
> +
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_unref(unref.resource_id);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, unref.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unref(vr->rutabaga, unref.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    if (res->image) {
> +        pixman_image_unref(res->image);
> +    }
> +
> +    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->reslist, res, next);
> +    g_free(res);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_context_create(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_create cc;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cc);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_create(cc.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                    cc.debug_name);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_context_create(vr->rutabaga, cc.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                     cc.context_init, cc.debug_name, cc.nlen);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                             struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_destroy cd;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cd);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_destroy(cd.hdr.ctx_id);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_context_destroy(vr->rutabaga, cd.hdr.ctx_id);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result, i;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_flush rf;
> +    bool found = false;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +    if (vr->headless) {
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(rf);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_flush(rf.resource_id,
> +                                   rf.r.width, rf.r.height, rf.r.x, rf.r.y);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, rf.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +
> +    for (i = 0; i < vb->conf.max_outputs; i++) {
> +        scanout = &vb->scanout[i];
> +        if (i == res->scanout_bitmask) {
> +            found = true;
> +            break;
> +        }
> +    }
> +
> +    if (!found) {
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    transfer.x = 0;
> +    transfer.y = 0;
> +    transfer.z = 0;
> +    transfer.w = res->width;
> +    transfer.h = res->height;
> +    transfer.d = 1;
> +
> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = pixman_image_get_data(res->image);
> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
> +                                             rf.resource_id, &transfer,
> +                                             &transfer_iovec);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +    dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +    if (vr->headless) {
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
> +                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ss.r.x, ss.r.y);
> +
> +    CHECK(ss.scanout_id < VIRTIO_GPU_MAX_SCANOUTS, cmd);
> +    scanout = &vb->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
> +
> +    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
> +        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
> +        dpy_gl_scanout_disable(scanout->con);
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +
> +    if (!res->image) {
> +        pixman_format_code_t pformat;
> +        pformat = virtio_gpu_get_pixman_format(res->format);
> +        CHECK(pformat, cmd);
> +
> +        res->image = pixman_image_create_bits(pformat,
> +                                              res->width,
> +                                              res->height,
> +                                              NULL, 0);
> +        CHECK(res->image, cmd);
> +        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
> +    }
> +
> +    vb->enable = 1;
> +
> +    /* realloc the surface ptr */
> +    scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
> +    res->scanout_bitmask = ss.scanout_id;
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                       struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_cmd_submit cs;
> +    struct rutabaga_command rutabaga_cmd = { 0 };
> +    g_autofree uint8_t *buf = NULL;
> +    size_t s;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_submit(cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size);
> +
> +    buf = g_new0(uint8_t, cs.size);
> +    s = iov_to_buf(cmd->elem.out_sg, cmd->elem.out_num,
> +                   sizeof(cs), buf, cs.size);
> +    CHECK(s == cs.size, cmd);
> +
> +    rutabaga_cmd.ctx_id = cs.hdr.ctx_id;
> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd = buf;
> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd_size = cs.size;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_submit_command(vr->rutabaga, &rutabaga_cmd);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d t2d;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t2d);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_2d(t2d.resource_id);
> +
> +    transfer.x = t2d.r.x;
> +    transfer.y = t2d.r.y;
> +    transfer.z = 0;
> +    transfer.w = t2d.r.width;
> +    transfer.h = t2d.r.height;
> +    transfer.d = 1;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, 0, t2d.resource_id,
> +                                              &transfer);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
> +
> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                              t3d.resource_id, &transfer);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                   struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_fromh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
> +
> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                             t3d.resource_id, &transfer, NULL);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing att_rb;
> +    int ret;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_rb);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_attach(att_rb.resource_id);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, att_rb.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +    CHECK(!res->iov, cmd);
> +
> +    ret = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, att_rb.nr_entries, sizeof(att_rb),
> +                                        cmd, NULL, &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
> +
> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
> +
> +    ret = rutabaga_resource_attach_backing(vr->rutabaga, att_rb.resource_id,
> +                                           &vecs);
> +    if (ret != 0) {
> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
> +    }
> +
> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing detach_rb;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(detach_rb);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_detach(detach_rb.resource_id);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, detach_rb.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +
> +    rutabaga_resource_detach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
> +                                     detach_rb.resource_id);
> +
> +    virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource att_res;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_res);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_attach(att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                        att_res.resource_id);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_context_attach_resource(vr->rutabaga, att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                              att_res.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource det_res;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(det_res);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_detach(det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                        det_res.resource_id);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_context_detach_resource(vr->rutabaga, det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                              det_res.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset_info info;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset_info resp;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(info);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, info.capset_index,
> +                                      &resp.capset_id, &resp.capset_max_version,
> +                                      &resp.capset_max_size);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET_INFO;
> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset gc;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset *resp;
> +    uint32_t capset_size, capset_version;
> +    uint32_t current_id, i;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(gc);
> +    for (i = 0; i < vr->num_capsets; i++) {
> +        result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, i,
> +                                          &current_id, &capset_version,
> +                                          &capset_size);
> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +        if (current_id == gc.capset_id) {
> +            break;
> +        }
> +    }
> +
> +    CHECK(i < vr->num_capsets, cmd);
> +
> +    resp = g_malloc0(sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
> +    resp->hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET;
> +    rutabaga_get_capset(vr->rutabaga, gc.capset_id, gc.capset_version,
> +                        resp->capset_data, capset_size);
> +
> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp->hdr, sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
> +    g_free(resp);
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                  struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int result;
> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
> +    g_autofree struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res = NULL;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_blob cblob;
> +    struct rutabaga_create_blob rc_blob = { 0 };
> +
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cblob);
> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_blob(cblob.resource_id, cblob.size);
> +
> +    CHECK(cblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
> +
> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
> +
> +    res->resource_id = cblob.resource_id;
> +    res->blob_size = cblob.size;
> +
> +    if (cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
> +        result = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, cblob.nr_entries,
> +                                               sizeof(cblob), cmd, &res->addrs,
> +                                               &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +    }
> +
> +    rc_blob.blob_id = cblob.blob_id;
> +    rc_blob.blob_mem = cblob.blob_mem;
> +    rc_blob.blob_flags = cblob.blob_flags;
> +    rc_blob.size = cblob.size;
> +
> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_blob(vr->rutabaga, cblob.hdr.ctx_id,
> +                                           cblob.resource_id, &rc_blob, &vecs,
> +                                           NULL);
> +
> +    if (result && cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
> +    }
> +
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
> +    res = NULL;
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                               struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    uint32_t map_info = 0;
> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct rutabaga_mapping mapping = { 0 };
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_map_blob mblob;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_map_info resp = { 0 };
> +
> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(mblob);
> +
> +    CHECK(mblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, mblob.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map_info(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id,
> +                                        &map_info);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    /*
> +     * RUTABAGA_MAP_ACCESS_* flags are not part of the virtio-gpu spec, but do
> +     * exist to potentially allow the hypervisor to restrict write access to
> +     * memory. QEMU does not need to use this functionality at the moment.
> +     */
> +    resp.map_info = map_info & RUTABAGA_MAP_CACHE_MASK;
> +
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id, &mapping);
> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +
> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].used) {
> +            continue;
> +        }
> +
> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
> +        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(mr, OBJECT(vr), "blob", mapping.size,
> +                                   mapping.ptr);
> +        memory_region_add_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mblob.offset, mr);
> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = mblob.resource_id;
> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 1;
> +        break;
> +    }
> +
> +    if (slot >= MAX_SLOTS) {
> +        result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id);
> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
> +    }
> +
> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
> +
> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_MAP_INFO;
> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> +{
> +    int32_t result;
> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unmap_blob ublob;
> +
> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> +
> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ublob);
> +
> +    CHECK(ublob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
> +
> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ublob.resource_id);
> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> +
> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id != ublob.resource_id) {
> +            continue;
> +        }
> +
> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
> +        memory_region_del_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mr);
> +
> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = 0;
> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 0;
> +        break;
> +    }
> +
> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, res->resource_id);

Hi,

After the discussion with Xenia Ragiadakou regarding their patch for 
Venus, I found a bug present in the Venus implementation also affects 
Rutabaga.

The problem is that the memory region may not immediately go away with 
memory_region_del_subregion(), but it may be kept a bit after that. The 
memory region has a pointer to the mapped memory so the unmapping call 
that immediately follows will make it dangling.

Xenia raised a question whether the dangling pointer can be actually 
dereferenced and result in use-after-free, but the answer is 
unfortunately yes. For example, consider the following call chain:
kvm_cpu_exec -> address_space_rw -> address_space_write -> 
flatview_write -> flatview_write_continue

address_space_write() holds a RCU read lock so that the flatview it 
refers to will not go away during the operation even if it becomes 
obsolete and will be used for writes. It is possible that the obsolete 
flatview contains the memory region for the memory that is concurrently 
unmapped by virtio-gpu-rutabaga/virgl.  Note that the function can be 
called without holding BQL, and KVM actually does so.

Another case is address_space_map(). It acquires the reference to the 
memory with memory_region_ref() and expects it will be available until 
memory_region_unref() gets called with address_space_unmap().

In conclusion, both of Rutabaga and Virgl need to ensure to wait until 
all refrences to memory region will be gone before unmapping the 
underlying memory. The patch "[QEMU PATCH v5 07/13] softmmu/memory: 
enable automatic deallocation of memory regions" in the venus patch 
series is useful to know when that happens.

Regards,
Akihiko Odaki

Mark Cave-Ayland Sept. 20, 2023, 12:04 p.m. UTC | #2

On 20/09/2023 12:42, Akihiko Odaki wrote:

> On 2023/08/29 9:36, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
>> This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
>> features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
>> are also implemented in this patch.
>>
>> gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
>> paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
>> Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
>> platform.
>>
>> Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
>> The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
>> auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
>> allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
>> implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.
>>
>> gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
>> between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
>> Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
>> academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
>> Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
>> panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
>> support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].
>>
>> One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
>> Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
>> a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.
>>
>> Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
>> the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
>> port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
>> It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
>> "AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
>> current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.
>>
>> cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
>> Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
>> 2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.
>>
>> In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
>> and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
>> both require to function correctly.
>>
>> Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
>> the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
>> kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
>> developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
>> them.
>>
>> It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
>> nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
>> another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
>> enthusiasts.
>>
>> Technical details:
>>    - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
>>    - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
>>      calls
>>
>> Next steps for Android VMs:
>>    - The next step would be improving display integration and UI interfaces
>>      with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
>>      release [d].
>>
>> Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
>>    - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or the
>>      wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition, newer
>>      versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
>>      which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough, it'll
>>      probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this display
>>      virtualization strategy.
>>
>> [a] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
>> [b] https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
>> [c] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
>> [d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
>> [e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]>
>> Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail]>
>> Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
>> Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
>> Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
>> Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]>
>> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
>> ---
>>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c |   47 ++
>>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c     | 1119 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>   hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c     |   50 ++
>>   3 files changed, 1216 insertions(+)
>>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
>>
>> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c 
>> b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000..c96729e198
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
>> +
>> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>> +#include "qapi/error.h"
>> +#include "qemu/module.h"
>> +#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
>> +#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pci.h"
>> +#include "qom/object.h"
>> +
>> +#define TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci"
>> +OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI, VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI)
>> +
>> +struct VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI {
>> +    VirtIOGPUPCIBase parent_obj;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
>> +};
>> +
>> +static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn(Object *obj)
>> +{
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI *dev = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI(obj);
>> +
>> +    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
>> +                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE(obj)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info[] = {
>> +    {
>> +        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI,
>> +        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE,
>> +        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI),
>> +        .instance_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn,
>> +        .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
>> +            { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
>> +        }
>> +    },
>> +};
>> +
>> +DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info)
>> +
>> +module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI);
>> +module_kconfig(VIRTIO_PCI);
>> +module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu-pci");
>> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000..a105e06214
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
>> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
>> +
>> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>> +#include "qapi/error.h"
>> +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
>> +#include "qemu/iov.h"
>> +#include "trace.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
>> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
>> +
>> +#include <glib/gmem.h>
>> +#include <rutabaga_gfx/rutabaga_gfx_ffi.h>
>> +
>> +#define CHECK(condition, cmd)                                                 \
>> +    do {                                                                      \
>> +        if (!(condition)) {                                                   \
>> +            error_report("CHECK failed in %s() %s:" "%d", __func__,           \
>> +                         __FILE__, __LINE__);                                 \
>> +            (cmd)->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;                        \
>> +            return;                                                           \
>> +       }                                                                      \
>> +    } while (0)
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * This is the size of the char array in struct sock_addr_un. No Wayland socket
>> + * can be created with a path longer than this, including the null terminator.
>> + */
>> +#define UNIX_PATH_MAX sizeof((struct sockaddr_un) {} .sun_path)
>> +
>> +struct rutabaga_aio_data {
>> +    struct VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr;
>> +    struct rutabaga_fence fence;
>> +};
>> +
>> +static void
>> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_scanout *s,
>> +                                  uint32_t resource_id)
>> +{
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, resource_id);
>> +    if (!res) {
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    if (res->width != s->current_cursor->width ||
>> +        res->height != s->current_cursor->height) {
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    transfer.x = 0;
>> +    transfer.y = 0;
>> +    transfer.z = 0;
>> +    transfer.w = res->width;
>> +    transfer.h = res->height;
>> +    transfer.d = 1;
>> +
>> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = s->current_cursor->data;
>> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
>> +
>> +    rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
>> +                                    resource_id, &transfer,
>> +                                    &transfer_iovec);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed(VirtIOGPUBase *b)
>> +{
>> +    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(b);
>> +    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d c2d;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c2d);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_2d(c2d.resource_id, c2d.format,
>> +                                       c2d.width, c2d.height);
>> +
>> +    rc_3d.target = 2;
>> +    rc_3d.format = c2d.format;
>> +    rc_3d.bind = (1 << 1);
>> +    rc_3d.width = c2d.width;
>> +    rc_3d.height = c2d.height;
>> +    rc_3d.depth = 1;
>> +    rc_3d.array_size = 1;
>> +    rc_3d.last_level = 0;
>> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = 0;
>> +    rc_3d.flags = VIRTIO_GPU_RESOURCE_FLAG_Y_0_TOP;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c2d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
>> +    res->width = c2d.width;
>> +    res->height = c2d.height;
>> +    res->format = c2d.format;
>> +    res->resource_id = c2d.resource_id;
>> +
>> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_3d c3d;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c3d);
>> +
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d(c3d.resource_id, c3d.format,
>> +                                       c3d.width, c3d.height, c3d.depth);
>> +
>> +    rc_3d.target = c3d.target;
>> +    rc_3d.format = c3d.format;
>> +    rc_3d.bind = c3d.bind;
>> +    rc_3d.width = c3d.width;
>> +    rc_3d.height = c3d.height;
>> +    rc_3d.depth = c3d.depth;
>> +    rc_3d.array_size = c3d.array_size;
>> +    rc_3d.last_level = c3d.last_level;
>> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = c3d.nr_samples;
>> +    rc_3d.flags = c3d.flags;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c3d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
>> +    res->width = c3d.width;
>> +    res->height = c3d.height;
>> +    res->format = c3d.format;
>> +    res->resource_id = c3d.resource_id;
>> +
>> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unref unref;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(unref);
>> +
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_unref(unref.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, unref.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unref(vr->rutabaga, unref.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    if (res->image) {
>> +        pixman_image_unref(res->image);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->reslist, res, next);
>> +    g_free(res);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_context_create(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_create cc;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cc);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_create(cc.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                    cc.debug_name);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_context_create(vr->rutabaga, cc.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                     cc.context_init, cc.debug_name, cc.nlen);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                             struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_destroy cd;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cd);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_destroy(cd.hdr.ctx_id);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_context_destroy(vr->rutabaga, cd.hdr.ctx_id);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result, i;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_flush rf;
>> +    bool found = false;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +    if (vr->headless) {
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(rf);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_flush(rf.resource_id,
>> +                                   rf.r.width, rf.r.height, rf.r.x, rf.r.y);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, rf.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +
>> +    for (i = 0; i < vb->conf.max_outputs; i++) {
>> +        scanout = &vb->scanout[i];
>> +        if (i == res->scanout_bitmask) {
>> +            found = true;
>> +            break;
>> +        }
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    if (!found) {
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    transfer.x = 0;
>> +    transfer.y = 0;
>> +    transfer.z = 0;
>> +    transfer.w = res->width;
>> +    transfer.h = res->height;
>> +    transfer.d = 1;
>> +
>> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = pixman_image_get_data(res->image);
>> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
>> +                                             rf.resource_id, &transfer,
>> +                                             &transfer_iovec);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +    dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +    if (vr->headless) {
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
>> +                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ss.r.x, ss.r.y);
>> +
>> +    CHECK(ss.scanout_id < VIRTIO_GPU_MAX_SCANOUTS, cmd);
>> +    scanout = &vb->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
>> +
>> +    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
>> +        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
>> +        dpy_gl_scanout_disable(scanout->con);
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +
>> +    if (!res->image) {
>> +        pixman_format_code_t pformat;
>> +        pformat = virtio_gpu_get_pixman_format(res->format);
>> +        CHECK(pformat, cmd);
>> +
>> +        res->image = pixman_image_create_bits(pformat,
>> +                                              res->width,
>> +                                              res->height,
>> +                                              NULL, 0);
>> +        CHECK(res->image, cmd);
>> +        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    vb->enable = 1;
>> +
>> +    /* realloc the surface ptr */
>> +    scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
>> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
>> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
>> +    res->scanout_bitmask = ss.scanout_id;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                       struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_cmd_submit cs;
>> +    struct rutabaga_command rutabaga_cmd = { 0 };
>> +    g_autofree uint8_t *buf = NULL;
>> +    size_t s;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_submit(cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size);
>> +
>> +    buf = g_new0(uint8_t, cs.size);
>> +    s = iov_to_buf(cmd->elem.out_sg, cmd->elem.out_num,
>> +                   sizeof(cs), buf, cs.size);
>> +    CHECK(s == cs.size, cmd);
>> +
>> +    rutabaga_cmd.ctx_id = cs.hdr.ctx_id;
>> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd = buf;
>> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd_size = cs.size;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_submit_command(vr->rutabaga, &rutabaga_cmd);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d t2d;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t2d);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_2d(t2d.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    transfer.x = t2d.r.x;
>> +    transfer.y = t2d.r.y;
>> +    transfer.z = 0;
>> +    transfer.w = t2d.r.width;
>> +    transfer.h = t2d.r.height;
>> +    transfer.d = 1;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, 0, t2d.resource_id,
>> +                                              &transfer);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
>> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
>> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
>> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
>> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
>> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
>> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
>> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
>> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
>> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                              t3d.resource_id, &transfer);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                   struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_fromh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
>> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
>> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
>> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
>> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
>> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
>> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
>> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
>> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
>> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                             t3d.resource_id, &transfer, NULL);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing att_rb;
>> +    int ret;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_rb);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_attach(att_rb.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, att_rb.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +    CHECK(!res->iov, cmd);
>> +
>> +    ret = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, att_rb.nr_entries, sizeof(att_rb),
>> +                                        cmd, NULL, &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
>> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
>> +
>> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
>> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
>> +
>> +    ret = rutabaga_resource_attach_backing(vr->rutabaga, att_rb.resource_id,
>> +                                           &vecs);
>> +    if (ret != 0) {
>> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing detach_rb;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(detach_rb);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_detach(detach_rb.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, detach_rb.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +
>> +    rutabaga_resource_detach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
>> +                                     detach_rb.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource att_res;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_res);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_attach(att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                        att_res.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_context_attach_resource(vr->rutabaga, att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                              att_res.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource det_res;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(det_res);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_detach(det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                        det_res.resource_id);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_context_detach_resource(vr->rutabaga, det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                              det_res.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset_info info;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset_info resp;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(info);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, info.capset_index,
>> +                                      &resp.capset_id, &resp.capset_max_version,
>> +                                      &resp.capset_max_size);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET_INFO;
>> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset gc;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset *resp;
>> +    uint32_t capset_size, capset_version;
>> +    uint32_t current_id, i;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(gc);
>> +    for (i = 0; i < vr->num_capsets; i++) {
>> +        result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, i,
>> +                                          &current_id, &capset_version,
>> +                                          &capset_size);
>> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +        if (current_id == gc.capset_id) {
>> +            break;
>> +        }
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    CHECK(i < vr->num_capsets, cmd);
>> +
>> +    resp = g_malloc0(sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
>> +    resp->hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET;
>> +    rutabaga_get_capset(vr->rutabaga, gc.capset_id, gc.capset_version,
>> +                        resp->capset_data, capset_size);
>> +
>> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp->hdr, sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
>> +    g_free(resp);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                  struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int result;
>> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
>> +    g_autofree struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res = NULL;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_blob cblob;
>> +    struct rutabaga_create_blob rc_blob = { 0 };
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cblob);
>> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_blob(cblob.resource_id, cblob.size);
>> +
>> +    CHECK(cblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
>> +
>> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
>> +
>> +    res->resource_id = cblob.resource_id;
>> +    res->blob_size = cblob.size;
>> +
>> +    if (cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
>> +        result = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, cblob.nr_entries,
>> +                                               sizeof(cblob), cmd, &res->addrs,
>> +                                               &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
>> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    rc_blob.blob_id = cblob.blob_id;
>> +    rc_blob.blob_mem = cblob.blob_mem;
>> +    rc_blob.blob_flags = cblob.blob_flags;
>> +    rc_blob.size = cblob.size;
>> +
>> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
>> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_blob(vr->rutabaga, cblob.hdr.ctx_id,
>> +                                           cblob.resource_id, &rc_blob, &vecs,
>> +                                           NULL);
>> +
>> +    if (result && cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
>> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
>> +    res = NULL;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                               struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    uint32_t map_info = 0;
>> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct rutabaga_mapping mapping = { 0 };
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_map_blob mblob;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_map_info resp = { 0 };
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(mblob);
>> +
>> +    CHECK(mblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, mblob.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map_info(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id,
>> +                                        &map_info);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    /*
>> +     * RUTABAGA_MAP_ACCESS_* flags are not part of the virtio-gpu spec, but do
>> +     * exist to potentially allow the hypervisor to restrict write access to
>> +     * memory. QEMU does not need to use this functionality at the moment.
>> +     */
>> +    resp.map_info = map_info & RUTABAGA_MAP_CACHE_MASK;
>> +
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id, &mapping);
>> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +
>> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
>> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].used) {
>> +            continue;
>> +        }
>> +
>> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
>> +        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(mr, OBJECT(vr), "blob", mapping.size,
>> +                                   mapping.ptr);
>> +        memory_region_add_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mblob.offset, mr);
>> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = mblob.resource_id;
>> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 1;
>> +        break;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    if (slot >= MAX_SLOTS) {
>> +        result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id);
>> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
>> +
>> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_MAP_INFO;
>> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void
>> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
>> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>> +{
>> +    int32_t result;
>> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unmap_blob ublob;
>> +
>> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>> +
>> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ublob);
>> +
>> +    CHECK(ublob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
>> +
>> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ublob.resource_id);
>> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>> +
>> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
>> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id != ublob.resource_id) {
>> +            continue;
>> +        }
>> +
>> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
>> +        memory_region_del_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mr);
>> +
>> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = 0;
>> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 0;
>> +        break;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
>> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, res->resource_id);
> 
> Hi,
> 
> After the discussion with Xenia Ragiadakou regarding their patch for Venus, I found a 
> bug present in the Venus implementation also affects Rutabaga.
> 
> The problem is that the memory region may not immediately go away with 
> memory_region_del_subregion(), but it may be kept a bit after that. The memory region 
> has a pointer to the mapped memory so the unmapping call that immediately follows 
> will make it dangling.
> 
> Xenia raised a question whether the dangling pointer can be actually dereferenced and 
> result in use-after-free, but the answer is unfortunately yes. For example, consider 
> the following call chain:
> kvm_cpu_exec -> address_space_rw -> address_space_write -> flatview_write -> 
> flatview_write_continue
> 
> address_space_write() holds a RCU read lock so that the flatview it refers to will 
> not go away during the operation even if it becomes obsolete and will be used for 
> writes. It is possible that the obsolete flatview contains the memory region for the 
> memory that is concurrently unmapped by virtio-gpu-rutabaga/virgl.  Note that the 
> function can be called without holding BQL, and KVM actually does so.
> 
> Another case is address_space_map(). It acquires the reference to the memory with 
> memory_region_ref() and expects it will be available until memory_region_unref() gets 
> called with address_space_unmap().
> 
> In conclusion, both of Rutabaga and Virgl need to ensure to wait until all refrences 
> to memory region will be gone before unmapping the underlying memory. The patch 
> "[QEMU PATCH v5 07/13] softmmu/memory: enable automatic deallocation of memory 
> regions" in the venus patch series is useful to know when that happens.

FWIW this sounds exactly the same as the issue I had with unmapping ioports in commit 
690705ca0b ("softmmu/ioport.c: make MemoryRegionPortioList owner of portio_list 
MemoryRegions").

The solution in that commit is to assign the MemoryRegion reference to a new QOM 
object using memory_region_init(), but then re-parent the MR back onto its original 
device owner (so the QOM tree in "info qom-tree" remains unchanged). This means that 
the new QOM object receives the unref notification from the flatview instead of the 
MemoryRegion, which then manually unmaps the MemoryRegion from the device when it is 
safe.


ATB,

Mark.

Gurchetan Singh Sept. 22, 2023, 12:03 a.m. UTC | #3

On Wed, Sep 20, 2023 at 5:05 AM Mark Cave-Ayland <
[e-mail]> wrote:

> On 20/09/2023 12:42, Akihiko Odaki wrote:
>
> > On 2023/08/29 9:36, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
> >> This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
> >> features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
> >> are also implemented in this patch.
> >>
> >> gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
> >> paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
> >> Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
> >> platform.
> >>
> >> Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
> >> The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
> >> auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
> >> allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
> >> implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.
> >>
> >> gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
> >> between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
> >> Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
> >> academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
> >> Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
> >> panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
> >> support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].
> >>
> >> One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
> >> Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
> >> a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.
> >>
> >> Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
> >> the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
> >> port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
> >> It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
> >> "AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
> >> current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.
> >>
> >> cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
> >> Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
> >> 2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.
> >>
> >> In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
> >> and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
> >> both require to function correctly.
> >>
> >> Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
> >> the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
> >> kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
> >> developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
> >> them.
> >>
> >> It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
> >> nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
> >> another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
> >> enthusiasts.
> >>
> >> Technical details:
> >>    - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
> >>    - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
> >>      calls
> >>
> >> Next steps for Android VMs:
> >>    - The next step would be improving display integration and UI
> interfaces
> >>      with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
> >>      release [d].
> >>
> >> Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
> >>    - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or
> the
> >>      wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition,
> newer
> >>      versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
> >>      which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough,
> it'll
> >>      probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this
> display
> >>      virtualization strategy.
> >>
> >> [a]
> https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
> >> [b]
> https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
> >> [c]
> https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
> >> [d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
> >> [e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl
> >>
> >> Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]>
> >> Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail]>
> >> Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
> >> Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
> >> Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
> >> Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]>
> >> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
> >> ---
> >>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c |   47 ++
> >>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c     | 1119 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >>   hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c     |   50 ++
> >>   3 files changed, 1216 insertions(+)
> >>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
> >>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
> >>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
> >>
> >> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
> >> b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
> >> new file mode 100644
> >> index 0000000000..c96729e198
> >> --- /dev/null
> >> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
> >> @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
> >> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
> >> +
> >> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> >> +#include "qapi/error.h"
> >> +#include "qemu/module.h"
> >> +#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
> >> +#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pci.h"
> >> +#include "qom/object.h"
> >> +
> >> +#define TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci"
> >> +OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI,
> VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI)
> >> +
> >> +struct VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI {
> >> +    VirtIOGPUPCIBase parent_obj;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
> >> +};
> >> +
> >> +static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn(Object *obj)
> >> +{
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI *dev = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI(obj);
> >> +
> >> +    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
> >> +                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE(obj)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info[] = {
> >> +    {
> >> +        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI,
> >> +        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE,
> >> +        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI),
> >> +        .instance_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn,
> >> +        .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
> >> +            { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
> >> +        }
> >> +    },
> >> +};
> >> +
> >> +DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info)
> >> +
> >> +module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI);
> >> +module_kconfig(VIRTIO_PCI);
> >> +module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu-pci");
> >> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
> b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
> >> new file mode 100644
> >> index 0000000000..a105e06214
> >> --- /dev/null
> >> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
> >> @@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
> >> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
> >> +
> >> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> >> +#include "qapi/error.h"
> >> +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
> >> +#include "qemu/iov.h"
> >> +#include "trace.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
> >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
> >> +
> >> +#include <glib/gmem.h>
> >> +#include <rutabaga_gfx/rutabaga_gfx_ffi.h>
> >> +
> >> +#define CHECK(condition,
> cmd)                                                 \
> >> +    do
> {                                                                      \
> >> +        if (!(condition))
> {                                                   \
> >> +            error_report("CHECK failed in %s() %s:" "%d",
> __func__,           \
> >> +                         __FILE__,
> __LINE__);                                 \
> >> +            (cmd)->error =
> VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;                        \
> >> +
> return;                                                           \
> >> +
> }                                                                      \
> >> +    } while (0)
> >> +
> >> +/*
> >> + * This is the size of the char array in struct sock_addr_un. No
> Wayland socket
> >> + * can be created with a path longer than this, including the null
> terminator.
> >> + */
> >> +#define UNIX_PATH_MAX sizeof((struct sockaddr_un) {} .sun_path)
> >> +
> >> +struct rutabaga_aio_data {
> >> +    struct VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_fence fence;
> >> +};
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
> virtio_gpu_scanout *s,
> >> +                                  uint32_t resource_id)
> >> +{
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> >> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, resource_id);
> >> +    if (!res) {
> >> +        return;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    if (res->width != s->current_cursor->width ||
> >> +        res->height != s->current_cursor->height) {
> >> +        return;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    transfer.x = 0;
> >> +    transfer.y = 0;
> >> +    transfer.z = 0;
> >> +    transfer.w = res->width;
> >> +    transfer.h = res->height;
> >> +    transfer.d = 1;
> >> +
> >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = s->current_cursor->data;
> >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
> >> +
> >> +    rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
> >> +                                    resource_id, &transfer,
> >> +                                    &transfer_iovec);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed(VirtIOGPUBase *b)
> >> +{
> >> +    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(b);
> >> +    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d c2d;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c2d);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_2d(c2d.resource_id, c2d.format,
> >> +                                       c2d.width, c2d.height);
> >> +
> >> +    rc_3d.target = 2;
> >> +    rc_3d.format = c2d.format;
> >> +    rc_3d.bind = (1 << 1);
> >> +    rc_3d.width = c2d.width;
> >> +    rc_3d.height = c2d.height;
> >> +    rc_3d.depth = 1;
> >> +    rc_3d.array_size = 1;
> >> +    rc_3d.last_level = 0;
> >> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = 0;
> >> +    rc_3d.flags = VIRTIO_GPU_RESOURCE_FLAG_Y_0_TOP;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga,
> c2d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
> >> +    res->width = c2d.width;
> >> +    res->height = c2d.height;
> >> +    res->format = c2d.format;
> >> +    res->resource_id = c2d.resource_id;
> >> +
> >> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_3d c3d;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c3d);
> >> +
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d(c3d.resource_id, c3d.format,
> >> +                                       c3d.width, c3d.height,
> c3d.depth);
> >> +
> >> +    rc_3d.target = c3d.target;
> >> +    rc_3d.format = c3d.format;
> >> +    rc_3d.bind = c3d.bind;
> >> +    rc_3d.width = c3d.width;
> >> +    rc_3d.height = c3d.height;
> >> +    rc_3d.depth = c3d.depth;
> >> +    rc_3d.array_size = c3d.array_size;
> >> +    rc_3d.last_level = c3d.last_level;
> >> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = c3d.nr_samples;
> >> +    rc_3d.flags = c3d.flags;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga,
> c3d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
> >> +    res->width = c3d.width;
> >> +    res->height = c3d.height;
> >> +    res->format = c3d.format;
> >> +    res->resource_id = c3d.resource_id;
> >> +
> >> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unref unref;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(unref);
> >> +
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_unref(unref.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, unref.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unref(vr->rutabaga, unref.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    if (res->image) {
> >> +        pixman_image_unref(res->image);
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->reslist, res, next);
> >> +    g_free(res);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_context_create(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_create cc;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cc);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_create(cc.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                    cc.debug_name);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_context_create(vr->rutabaga, cc.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                     cc.context_init, cc.debug_name,
> cc.nlen);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                             struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_destroy cd;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cd);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_destroy(cd.hdr.ctx_id);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_context_destroy(vr->rutabaga, cd.hdr.ctx_id);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
> virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result, i;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> >> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_flush rf;
> >> +    bool found = false;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +    if (vr->headless) {
> >> +        return;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(rf);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_flush(rf.resource_id,
> >> +                                   rf.r.width, rf.r.height, rf.r.x,
> rf.r.y);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, rf.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    for (i = 0; i < vb->conf.max_outputs; i++) {
> >> +        scanout = &vb->scanout[i];
> >> +        if (i == res->scanout_bitmask) {
> >> +            found = true;
> >> +            break;
> >> +        }
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    if (!found) {
> >> +        return;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    transfer.x = 0;
> >> +    transfer.y = 0;
> >> +    transfer.z = 0;
> >> +    transfer.w = res->width;
> >> +    transfer.h = res->height;
> >> +    transfer.d = 1;
> >> +
> >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = pixman_image_get_data(res->image);
> >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
> >> +                                             rf.resource_id, &transfer,
> >> +                                             &transfer_iovec);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +    dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
> *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +    if (vr->headless) {
> >> +        return;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
> >> +                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ss.r.x,
> ss.r.y);
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(ss.scanout_id < VIRTIO_GPU_MAX_SCANOUTS, cmd);
> >> +    scanout = &vb->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
> >> +
> >> +    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
> >> +        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
> >> +        dpy_gl_scanout_disable(scanout->con);
> >> +        return;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    if (!res->image) {
> >> +        pixman_format_code_t pformat;
> >> +        pformat = virtio_gpu_get_pixman_format(res->format);
> >> +        CHECK(pformat, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +        res->image = pixman_image_create_bits(pformat,
> >> +                                              res->width,
> >> +                                              res->height,
> >> +                                              NULL, 0);
> >> +        CHECK(res->image, cmd);
> >> +        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    vb->enable = 1;
> >> +
> >> +    /* realloc the surface ptr */
> >> +    scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
> >> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
> >> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
> >> +    res->scanout_bitmask = ss.scanout_id;
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                       struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_cmd_submit cs;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_command rutabaga_cmd = { 0 };
> >> +    g_autofree uint8_t *buf = NULL;
> >> +    size_t s;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_submit(cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size);
> >> +
> >> +    buf = g_new0(uint8_t, cs.size);
> >> +    s = iov_to_buf(cmd->elem.out_sg, cmd->elem.out_num,
> >> +                   sizeof(cs), buf, cs.size);
> >> +    CHECK(s == cs.size, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    rutabaga_cmd.ctx_id = cs.hdr.ctx_id;
> >> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd = buf;
> >> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd_size = cs.size;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_submit_command(vr->rutabaga, &rutabaga_cmd);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d t2d;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t2d);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_2d(t2d.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    transfer.x = t2d.r.x;
> >> +    transfer.y = t2d.r.y;
> >> +    transfer.z = 0;
> >> +    transfer.w = t2d.r.width;
> >> +    transfer.h = t2d.r.height;
> >> +    transfer.d = 1;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, 0,
> t2d.resource_id,
> >> +                                              &transfer);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
> >> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
> >> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
> >> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
> >> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
> >> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
> >> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
> >> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
> >> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
> >> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga,
> t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                              t3d.resource_id,
> &transfer);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                   struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_fromh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
> >> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
> >> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
> >> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
> >> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
> >> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
> >> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
> >> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
> >> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
> >> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga,
> t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                             t3d.resource_id,
> &transfer, NULL);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
> virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing att_rb;
> >> +    int ret;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_rb);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_attach(att_rb.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, att_rb.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +    CHECK(!res->iov, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    ret = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, att_rb.nr_entries,
> sizeof(att_rb),
> >> +                                        cmd, NULL, &res->iov,
> &res->iov_cnt);
> >> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
> >> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
> >> +
> >> +    ret = rutabaga_resource_attach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
> att_rb.resource_id,
> >> +                                           &vecs);
> >> +    if (ret != 0) {
> >> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
> virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing detach_rb;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(detach_rb);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_detach(detach_rb.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, detach_rb.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    rutabaga_resource_detach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
> >> +                                     detach_rb.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource att_res;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_res);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_attach(att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                        att_res.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_context_attach_resource(vr->rutabaga,
> att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                              att_res.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource det_res;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(det_res);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_detach(det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                        det_res.resource_id);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_context_detach_resource(vr->rutabaga,
> det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                              det_res.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
> virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset_info info;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset_info resp;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(info);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, info.capset_index,
> >> +                                      &resp.capset_id,
> &resp.capset_max_version,
> >> +                                      &resp.capset_max_size);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET_INFO;
> >> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
> *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset gc;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset *resp;
> >> +    uint32_t capset_size, capset_version;
> >> +    uint32_t current_id, i;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(gc);
> >> +    for (i = 0; i < vr->num_capsets; i++) {
> >> +        result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, i,
> >> +                                          &current_id, &capset_version,
> >> +                                          &capset_size);
> >> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +        if (current_id == gc.capset_id) {
> >> +            break;
> >> +        }
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(i < vr->num_capsets, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    resp = g_malloc0(sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
> >> +    resp->hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET;
> >> +    rutabaga_get_capset(vr->rutabaga, gc.capset_id, gc.capset_version,
> >> +                        resp->capset_data, capset_size);
> >> +
> >> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp->hdr, sizeof(*resp) +
> capset_size);
> >> +    g_free(resp);
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                  struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int result;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
> >> +    g_autofree struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res = NULL;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_blob cblob;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_create_blob rc_blob = { 0 };
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cblob);
> >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_blob(cblob.resource_id,
> cblob.size);
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(cblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
> >> +
> >> +    res->resource_id = cblob.resource_id;
> >> +    res->blob_size = cblob.size;
> >> +
> >> +    if (cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
> >> +        result = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, cblob.nr_entries,
> >> +                                               sizeof(cblob), cmd,
> &res->addrs,
> >> +                                               &res->iov,
> &res->iov_cnt);
> >> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    rc_blob.blob_id = cblob.blob_id;
> >> +    rc_blob.blob_mem = cblob.blob_mem;
> >> +    rc_blob.blob_flags = cblob.blob_flags;
> >> +    rc_blob.size = cblob.size;
> >> +
> >> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
> >> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_blob(vr->rutabaga,
> cblob.hdr.ctx_id,
> >> +                                           cblob.resource_id,
> &rc_blob, &vecs,
> >> +                                           NULL);
> >> +
> >> +    if (result && cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
> >> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
> >> +    res = NULL;
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                               struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    uint32_t map_info = 0;
> >> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct rutabaga_mapping mapping = { 0 };
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_map_blob mblob;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_map_info resp = { 0 };
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(mblob);
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(mblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, mblob.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map_info(vr->rutabaga,
> mblob.resource_id,
> >> +                                        &map_info);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    /*
> >> +     * RUTABAGA_MAP_ACCESS_* flags are not part of the virtio-gpu
> spec, but do
> >> +     * exist to potentially allow the hypervisor to restrict write
> access to
> >> +     * memory. QEMU does not need to use this functionality at the
> moment.
> >> +     */
> >> +    resp.map_info = map_info & RUTABAGA_MAP_CACHE_MASK;
> >> +
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id,
> &mapping);
> >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
> >> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].used) {
> >> +            continue;
> >> +        }
> >> +
> >> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
> >> +        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(mr, OBJECT(vr), "blob",
> mapping.size,
> >> +                                   mapping.ptr);
> >> +        memory_region_add_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mblob.offset, mr);
> >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = mblob.resource_id;
> >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 1;
> >> +        break;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    if (slot >= MAX_SLOTS) {
> >> +        result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga,
> mblob.resource_id);
> >> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_MAP_INFO;
> >> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
> >> +}
> >> +
> >> +static void
> >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
> >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
> >> +{
> >> +    int32_t result;
> >> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
> >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unmap_blob ublob;
> >> +
> >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
> >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
> >> +
> >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ublob);
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(ublob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ublob.resource_id);
> >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
> >> +
> >> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
> >> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id != ublob.resource_id)
> {
> >> +            continue;
> >> +        }
> >> +
> >> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
> >> +        memory_region_del_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mr);
> >> +
> >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = 0;
> >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 0;
> >> +        break;
> >> +    }
> >> +
> >> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
> >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, res->resource_id);
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > After the discussion with Xenia Ragiadakou regarding their patch for
> Venus, I found a
> > bug present in the Venus implementation also affects Rutabaga.
> >
> > The problem is that the memory region may not immediately go away with
> > memory_region_del_subregion(), but it may be kept a bit after that. The
> memory region
> > has a pointer to the mapped memory so the unmapping call that
> immediately follows
> > will make it dangling.
> >
> > Xenia raised a question whether the dangling pointer can be actually
> dereferenced and
> > result in use-after-free, but the answer is unfortunately yes. For
> example, consider
> > the following call chain:
> > kvm_cpu_exec -> address_space_rw -> address_space_write ->
> flatview_write ->
> > flatview_write_continue
> >
> > address_space_write() holds a RCU read lock so that the flatview it
> refers to will
> > not go away during the operation even if it becomes obsolete and will be
> used for
> > writes. It is possible that the obsolete flatview contains the memory
> region for the
> > memory that is concurrently unmapped by virtio-gpu-rutabaga/virgl.  Note
> that the
> > function can be called without holding BQL, and KVM actually does so.
> >
> > Another case is address_space_map(). It acquires the reference to the
> memory with
> > memory_region_ref() and expects it will be available until
> memory_region_unref() gets
> > called with address_space_unmap().
>

Yeah, I did notice weird behavior around map/unmap when initially testing
the series:

https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2023-04/msg03378.html

The solution I did was just do what the Android Emulator (which uses
QEMU2.12) has been doing for years.  Not call "obj_unparent(g)" and keep a
table of memory regions for initialization.  It does pass all ./deqp-vk
memory tests and is sufficient to run Android on a Vulkan-only stack.  I
think the way blob resources are handled in the guest some of the cases
you've cited may not be hit practice.  The biggest bug on Linux we do hit
is a KVM bug but hopefully that should be fixed soon:

https://lore.kernel.org/kvmarm/[e-mail]/T/#m7c23c97b56378e3e865057140be54fa3dd87154e

We hit interesting issues on MacOS on the gitlab issue and I do think a
follow-up memory-only series may be warranted in the future.

https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1611

Since the Android Emulator has been running the solution in the
rutabaga/gfxstream series for years, it should be good for our purposes on
Linux for now.  WDYT?


> >
> > In conclusion, both of Rutabaga and Virgl need to ensure to wait until
> all refrences
> > to memory region will be gone before unmapping the underlying memory.
> The patch
> > "[QEMU PATCH v5 07/13] softmmu/memory: enable automatic deallocation of
> memory
> > regions" in the venus patch series is useful to know when that happens.
>
> FWIW this sounds exactly the same as the issue I had with unmapping
> ioports in commit
> 690705ca0b ("softmmu/ioport.c: make MemoryRegionPortioList owner of
> portio_list
> MemoryRegions").
>
> The solution in that commit is to assign the MemoryRegion reference to a
> new QOM
> object using memory_region_init(), but then re-parent the MR back onto its
> original
> device owner (so the QOM tree in "info qom-tree" remains unchanged). This
> means that
> the new QOM object receives the unref notification from the flatview
> instead of the
> MemoryRegion, which then manually unmaps the MemoryRegion from the device
> when it is
> safe.
>
>
> ATB,
>
> Mark.
>
>

Akihiko Odaki Sept. 22, 2023, 2:53 a.m. UTC | #4

On 2023/09/22 9:03, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
> 
> 
> On Wed, Sep 20, 2023 at 5:05 AM Mark Cave-Ayland 
> <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>> 
> wrote:
> 
>     On 20/09/2023 12:42, Akihiko Odaki wrote:
> 
>      > On 2023/08/29 9:36, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
>      >> This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
>      >> features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
>      >> are also implemented in this patch.
>      >>
>      >> gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
>      >> paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
>      >> Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
>      >> platform.
>      >>
>      >> Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as
>     "EmuGL" [a].
>      >> The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
>      >> auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
>      >> allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the
>     GLES
>      >> implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.
>      >>
>      >> gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single
>     engineer, and
>      >> between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
>      >> Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
>      >> academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
>      >> Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
>      >> panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
>      >> support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].
>      >>
>      >> One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
>      >> Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially
>     TTM so
>      >> a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.
>      >>
>      >> Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
>      >> the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
>      >> port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
>      >> It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and
>     named
>      >> "AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
>      >> current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.
>      >>
>      >> cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
>      >> Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
>      >> 2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.
>      >>
>      >> In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
>      >> and multiple timelines by yours truly, features
>     gfxstream/cross-domain
>      >> both require to function correctly.
>      >>
>      >> Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic
>     possibility:
>      >> the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
>      >> kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
>      >> developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they
>     encounter
>      >> them.
>      >>
>      >> It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head
>     next,
>      >> nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
>      >> another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
>      >> enthusiasts.
>      >>
>      >> Technical details:
>      >>    - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
>      >>    - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga
>     function
>      >>      calls
>      >>
>      >> Next steps for Android VMs:
>      >>    - The next step would be improving display integration and UI
>     interfaces
>      >>      with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an
>     emulator
>      >>      release [d].
>      >>
>      >> Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
>      >>    - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package
>     Sommelier or the
>      >>      wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In
>     addition, newer
>      >>      versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS
>     option,
>      >>      which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares
>     enough, it'll
>      >>      probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses
>     this display
>      >>      virtualization strategy.
>      >>
>      >> [a]
>     https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470 <https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470>
>      >> [b]
>     https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22 <https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22>
>      >> [c]
>     https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927 <https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927>
>      >> [d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
>     <https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator>
>      >> [e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl
>     <https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl>
>      >>
>      >> Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis
>     <[e-mail] <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]
>     <mailto:[e-mail]>>
>      >> ---
>      >>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c |   47 ++
>      >>   hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c     | 1119
>     ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>      >>   hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c     |   50 ++
>      >>   3 files changed, 1216 insertions(+)
>      >>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>      >>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>      >>   create mode 100644 hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
>      >>
>      >> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>      >> b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>      >> new file mode 100644
>      >> index 0000000000..c96729e198
>      >> --- /dev/null
>      >> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
>      >> @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
>      >> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
>      >> +
>      >> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>      >> +#include "qapi/error.h"
>      >> +#include "qemu/module.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pci.h"
>      >> +#include "qom/object.h"
>      >> +
>      >> +#define TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci"
>      >> +OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI,
>     VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI)
>      >> +
>      >> +struct VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI {
>      >> +    VirtIOGPUPCIBase parent_obj;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
>      >> +};
>      >> +
>      >> +static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn(Object *obj)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI *dev = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI(obj);
>      >> +
>      >> +    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
>      >> +                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE(obj)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info[] = {
>      >> +    {
>      >> +        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI,
>      >> +        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE,
>      >> +        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI),
>      >> +        .instance_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn,
>      >> +        .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
>      >> +            { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
>      >> +        }
>      >> +    },
>      >> +};
>      >> +
>      >> +DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info)
>      >> +
>      >> +module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI);
>      >> +module_kconfig(VIRTIO_PCI);
>      >> +module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu-pci");
>      >> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>     b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>      >> new file mode 100644
>      >> index 0000000000..a105e06214
>      >> --- /dev/null
>      >> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
>      >> @@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
>      >> +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
>      >> +
>      >> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>      >> +#include "qapi/error.h"
>      >> +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
>      >> +#include "qemu/iov.h"
>      >> +#include "trace.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
>      >> +#include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
>      >> +
>      >> +#include <glib/gmem.h>
>      >> +#include <rutabaga_gfx/rutabaga_gfx_ffi.h>
>      >> +
>      >> +#define CHECK(condition,
>     cmd)                                                 \
>      >> +    do
>     {                                                                      \
>      >> +        if (!(condition))
>     {                                                   \
>      >> +            error_report("CHECK failed in %s() %s:" "%d",
>     __func__,           \
>      >> +                         __FILE__,
>     __LINE__);                                 \
>      >> +            (cmd)->error =
>     VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;                        \
>      >> +           
>     return;                                                           \
>      >> +      
>     }                                                                      \
>      >> +    } while (0)
>      >> +
>      >> +/*
>      >> + * This is the size of the char array in struct sock_addr_un.
>     No Wayland socket
>      >> + * can be created with a path longer than this, including the
>     null terminator.
>      >> + */
>      >> +#define UNIX_PATH_MAX sizeof((struct sockaddr_un) {} .sun_path)
>      >> +
>      >> +struct rutabaga_aio_data {
>      >> +    struct VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_fence fence;
>      >> +};
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_scanout *s,
>      >> +                                  uint32_t resource_id)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, resource_id);
>      >> +    if (!res) {
>      >> +        return;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (res->width != s->current_cursor->width ||
>      >> +        res->height != s->current_cursor->height) {
>      >> +        return;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer.x = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.y = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.z = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.w = res->width;
>      >> +    transfer.h = res->height;
>      >> +    transfer.d = 1;
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = s->current_cursor->data;
>      >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
>      >> +
>      >> +    rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
>      >> +                                    resource_id, &transfer,
>      >> +                                    &transfer_iovec);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed(VirtIOGPUBase *b)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(b);
>      >> +    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d c2d;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c2d);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_2d(c2d.resource_id, c2d.format,
>      >> +                                       c2d.width, c2d.height);
>      >> +
>      >> +    rc_3d.target = 2;
>      >> +    rc_3d.format = c2d.format;
>      >> +    rc_3d.bind = (1 << 1);
>      >> +    rc_3d.width = c2d.width;
>      >> +    rc_3d.height = c2d.height;
>      >> +    rc_3d.depth = 1;
>      >> +    rc_3d.array_size = 1;
>      >> +    rc_3d.last_level = 0;
>      >> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = 0;
>      >> +    rc_3d.flags = VIRTIO_GPU_RESOURCE_FLAG_Y_0_TOP;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga,
>     c2d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
>      >> +    res->width = c2d.width;
>      >> +    res->height = c2d.height;
>      >> +    res->format = c2d.format;
>      >> +    res->resource_id = c2d.resource_id;
>      >> +
>      >> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_3d c3d;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c3d);
>      >> +
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d(c3d.resource_id, c3d.format,
>      >> +                                       c3d.width, c3d.height,
>     c3d.depth);
>      >> +
>      >> +    rc_3d.target = c3d.target;
>      >> +    rc_3d.format = c3d.format;
>      >> +    rc_3d.bind = c3d.bind;
>      >> +    rc_3d.width = c3d.width;
>      >> +    rc_3d.height = c3d.height;
>      >> +    rc_3d.depth = c3d.depth;
>      >> +    rc_3d.array_size = c3d.array_size;
>      >> +    rc_3d.last_level = c3d.last_level;
>      >> +    rc_3d.nr_samples = c3d.nr_samples;
>      >> +    rc_3d.flags = c3d.flags;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga,
>     c3d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
>      >> +    res->width = c3d.width;
>      >> +    res->height = c3d.height;
>      >> +    res->format = c3d.format;
>      >> +    res->resource_id = c3d.resource_id;
>      >> +
>      >> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unref unref;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(unref);
>      >> +
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_unref(unref.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, unref.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unref(vr->rutabaga,
>     unref.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (res->image) {
>      >> +        pixman_image_unref(res->image);
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->reslist, res, next);
>      >> +    g_free(res);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_context_create(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_create cc;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cc);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_create(cc.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                    cc.debug_name);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_context_create(vr->rutabaga, cc.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                     cc.context_init,
>     cc.debug_name, cc.nlen);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                             struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_destroy cd;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cd);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_destroy(cd.hdr.ctx_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_context_destroy(vr->rutabaga, cd.hdr.ctx_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result, i;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_flush rf;
>      >> +    bool found = false;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +    if (vr->headless) {
>      >> +        return;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(rf);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_flush(rf.resource_id,
>      >> +                                   rf.r.width, rf.r.height,
>     rf.r.x, rf.r.y);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, rf.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    for (i = 0; i < vb->conf.max_outputs; i++) {
>      >> +        scanout = &vb->scanout[i];
>      >> +        if (i == res->scanout_bitmask) {
>      >> +            found = true;
>      >> +            break;
>      >> +        }
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (!found) {
>      >> +        return;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer.x = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.y = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.z = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.w = res->width;
>      >> +    transfer.h = res->height;
>      >> +    transfer.d = 1;
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_base = pixman_image_get_data(res->image);
>      >> +    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
>      >> +                                             rf.resource_id,
>     &transfer,
>      >> +                                             &transfer_iovec);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +    dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +    if (vr->headless) {
>      >> +        return;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
>      >> +                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height,
>     ss.r.x, ss.r.y);
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(ss.scanout_id < VIRTIO_GPU_MAX_SCANOUTS, cmd);
>      >> +    scanout = &vb->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
>      >> +        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
>      >> +        dpy_gl_scanout_disable(scanout->con);
>      >> +        return;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (!res->image) {
>      >> +        pixman_format_code_t pformat;
>      >> +        pformat = virtio_gpu_get_pixman_format(res->format);
>      >> +        CHECK(pformat, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +        res->image = pixman_image_create_bits(pformat,
>      >> +                                              res->width,
>      >> +                                              res->height,
>      >> +                                              NULL, 0);
>      >> +        CHECK(res->image, cmd);
>      >> +        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    vb->enable = 1;
>      >> +
>      >> +    /* realloc the surface ptr */
>      >> +    scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
>      >> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
>      >> +    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
>      >> +    res->scanout_bitmask = ss.scanout_id;
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                       struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_cmd_submit cs;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_command rutabaga_cmd = { 0 };
>      >> +    g_autofree uint8_t *buf = NULL;
>      >> +    size_t s;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_submit(cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size);
>      >> +
>      >> +    buf = g_new0(uint8_t, cs.size);
>      >> +    s = iov_to_buf(cmd->elem.out_sg, cmd->elem.out_num,
>      >> +                   sizeof(cs), buf, cs.size);
>      >> +    CHECK(s == cs.size, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    rutabaga_cmd.ctx_id = cs.hdr.ctx_id;
>      >> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd = buf;
>      >> +    rutabaga_cmd.cmd_size = cs.size;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_submit_command(vr->rutabaga, &rutabaga_cmd);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d t2d;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t2d);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_2d(t2d.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer.x = t2d.r.x;
>      >> +    transfer.y = t2d.r.y;
>      >> +    transfer.z = 0;
>      >> +    transfer.w = t2d.r.width;
>      >> +    transfer.h = t2d.r.height;
>      >> +    transfer.d = 1;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, 0,
>     t2d.resource_id,
>      >> +                                              &transfer);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
>      >> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
>      >> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
>      >> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
>      >> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
>      >> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
>      >> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
>      >> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
>      >> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
>      >> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga,
>     t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                              t3d.resource_id,
>     &transfer);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                   struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_fromh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
>      >> +    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
>      >> +    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
>      >> +    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
>      >> +    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
>      >> +    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
>      >> +    transfer.level = t3d.level;
>      >> +    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
>      >> +    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
>      >> +    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga,
>     t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                             t3d.resource_id,
>     &transfer, NULL);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing att_rb;
>      >> +    int ret;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_rb);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_attach(att_rb.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, att_rb.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +    CHECK(!res->iov, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    ret = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, att_rb.nr_entries,
>     sizeof(att_rb),
>      >> +                                        cmd, NULL, &res->iov,
>     &res->iov_cnt);
>      >> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
>      >> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
>      >> +
>      >> +    ret = rutabaga_resource_attach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
>     att_rb.resource_id,
>      >> +                                           &vecs);
>      >> +    if (ret != 0) {
>      >> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing detach_rb;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(detach_rb);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_detach(detach_rb.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, detach_rb.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    rutabaga_resource_detach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
>      >> +                                     detach_rb.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource att_res;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_res);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_attach(att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                        att_res.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_context_attach_resource(vr->rutabaga,
>     att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                              att_res.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource det_res;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(det_res);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_detach(det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                        det_res.resource_id);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_context_detach_resource(vr->rutabaga,
>     det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                              det_res.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset_info info;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset_info resp;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(info);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga,
>     info.capset_index,
>      >> +                                      &resp.capset_id,
>     &resp.capset_max_version,
>      >> +                                      &resp.capset_max_size);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET_INFO;
>      >> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(VirtIOGPU *g, struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset gc;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset *resp;
>      >> +    uint32_t capset_size, capset_version;
>      >> +    uint32_t current_id, i;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(gc);
>      >> +    for (i = 0; i < vr->num_capsets; i++) {
>      >> +        result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, i,
>      >> +                                          &current_id,
>     &capset_version,
>      >> +                                          &capset_size);
>      >> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +        if (current_id == gc.capset_id) {
>      >> +            break;
>      >> +        }
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(i < vr->num_capsets, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    resp = g_malloc0(sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
>      >> +    resp->hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET;
>      >> +    rutabaga_get_capset(vr->rutabaga, gc.capset_id,
>     gc.capset_version,
>      >> +                        resp->capset_data, capset_size);
>      >> +
>      >> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp->hdr, sizeof(*resp)
>     + capset_size);
>      >> +    g_free(resp);
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                  struct
>     virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int result;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
>      >> +    g_autofree struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res = NULL;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_blob cblob;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_create_blob rc_blob = { 0 };
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cblob);
>      >> +    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_blob(cblob.resource_id,
>     cblob.size);
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(cblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res->resource_id = cblob.resource_id;
>      >> +    res->blob_size = cblob.size;
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
>      >> +        result = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, cblob.nr_entries,
>      >> +                                               sizeof(cblob),
>     cmd, &res->addrs,
>      >> +                                               &res->iov,
>     &res->iov_cnt);
>      >> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    rc_blob.blob_id = cblob.blob_id;
>      >> +    rc_blob.blob_mem = cblob.blob_mem;
>      >> +    rc_blob.blob_flags = cblob.blob_flags;
>      >> +    rc_blob.size = cblob.size;
>      >> +
>      >> +    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
>      >> +    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_create_blob(vr->rutabaga,
>     cblob.hdr.ctx_id,
>      >> +                                           cblob.resource_id,
>     &rc_blob, &vecs,
>      >> +                                           NULL);
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (result && cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
>      >> +        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
>      >> +    res = NULL;
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                               struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    uint32_t map_info = 0;
>      >> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct rutabaga_mapping mapping = { 0 };
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_map_blob mblob;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resp_map_info resp = { 0 };
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(mblob);
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(mblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, mblob.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map_info(vr->rutabaga,
>     mblob.resource_id,
>      >> +                                        &map_info);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    /*
>      >> +     * RUTABAGA_MAP_ACCESS_* flags are not part of the
>     virtio-gpu spec, but do
>      >> +     * exist to potentially allow the hypervisor to restrict
>     write access to
>      >> +     * memory. QEMU does not need to use this functionality at
>     the moment.
>      >> +     */
>      >> +    resp.map_info = map_info & RUTABAGA_MAP_CACHE_MASK;
>      >> +
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_map(vr->rutabaga,
>     mblob.resource_id, &mapping);
>      >> +    CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
>      >> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].used) {
>      >> +            continue;
>      >> +        }
>      >> +
>      >> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
>      >> +        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(mr, OBJECT(vr), "blob",
>     mapping.size,
>      >> +                                   mapping.ptr);
>      >> +        memory_region_add_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mblob.offset,
>     mr);
>      >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = mblob.resource_id;
>      >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 1;
>      >> +        break;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    if (slot >= MAX_SLOTS) {
>      >> +        result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga,
>     mblob.resource_id);
>      >> +        CHECK(!result, cmd);
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_MAP_INFO;
>      >> +    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
>      >> +}
>      >> +
>      >> +static void
>      >> +rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
>      >> +                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command
>     *cmd)
>      >> +{
>      >> +    int32_t result;
>      >> +    uint32_t slot = 0;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
>      >> +    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unmap_blob ublob;
>      >> +
>      >> +    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
>      >> +    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
>      >> +
>      >> +    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ublob);
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(ublob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ublob.resource_id);
>      >> +    CHECK(res, cmd);
>      >> +
>      >> +    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
>      >> +        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id !=
>     ublob.resource_id) {
>      >> +            continue;
>      >> +        }
>      >> +
>      >> +        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
>      >> +        memory_region_del_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mr);
>      >> +
>      >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = 0;
>      >> +        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 0;
>      >> +        break;
>      >> +    }
>      >> +
>      >> +    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
>      >> +    result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga,
>     res->resource_id);
>      >
>      > Hi,
>      >
>      > After the discussion with Xenia Ragiadakou regarding their patch
>     for Venus, I found a
>      > bug present in the Venus implementation also affects Rutabaga.
>      >
>      > The problem is that the memory region may not immediately go away
>     with
>      > memory_region_del_subregion(), but it may be kept a bit after
>     that. The memory region
>      > has a pointer to the mapped memory so the unmapping call that
>     immediately follows
>      > will make it dangling.
>      >
>      > Xenia raised a question whether the dangling pointer can be
>     actually dereferenced and
>      > result in use-after-free, but the answer is unfortunately yes.
>     For example, consider
>      > the following call chain:
>      > kvm_cpu_exec -> address_space_rw -> address_space_write ->
>     flatview_write ->
>      > flatview_write_continue
>      >
>      > address_space_write() holds a RCU read lock so that the flatview
>     it refers to will
>      > not go away during the operation even if it becomes obsolete and
>     will be used for
>      > writes. It is possible that the obsolete flatview contains the
>     memory region for the
>      > memory that is concurrently unmapped by
>     virtio-gpu-rutabaga/virgl.  Note that the
>      > function can be called without holding BQL, and KVM actually does so.
>      >
>      > Another case is address_space_map(). It acquires the reference to
>     the memory with
>      > memory_region_ref() and expects it will be available until
>     memory_region_unref() gets
>      > called with address_space_unmap().
> 
> 
> Yeah, I did notice weird behavior around map/unmap when initially 
> testing the series:
> 
> https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2023-04/msg03378.html 
> <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2023-04/msg03378.html>
> 
> The solution I did was just do what the Android Emulator (which uses 
> QEMU2.12) has been doing for years.  Not call "obj_unparent(g)" and keep 
> a table of memory regions for initialization.  It does pass all 
> ./deqp-vk memory tests and is sufficient to run Android on a Vulkan-only 
> stack.  I think the way blob resources are handled in the guest some of 
> the cases you've cited may not be hit practice.  The biggest bug on 
> Linux we do hit is a KVM bug but hopefully that should be fixed soon:
> 
> https://lore.kernel.org/kvmarm/[e-mail]/T/#m7c23c97b56378e3e865057140be54fa3dd87154e <https://lore.kernel.org/kvmarm/[e-mail]/T/#m7c23c97b56378e3e865057140be54fa3dd87154e>
> 
> We hit interesting issues on MacOS on the gitlab issue and I do think a 
> follow-up memory-only series may be warranted in the future.
> 
> https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1611 
> <https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1611>
> 
> Since the Android Emulator has been running the solution in the 
> rutabaga/gfxstream series for years, it should be good for our purposes 
> on Linux for now.  WDYT?

Practically there is very low chance to hit the bug. I think only 
fuzzers and malicious actors will trigger it, and probably no one will 
dare using virtio-gpu-rutabaga or virtio-gpu-gl in a security-sensitive 
context.

That said, we know there is a bug so why don't you fix it? Otherwise you 
may document the bug, but getting it fixed is better.

Regards,
Akihiko Odaki

Alyssa Ross Sept. 22, 2023, 7:42 a.m. UTC | #5

Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]> writes:

> Practically there is very low chance to hit the bug. I think only 
> fuzzers and malicious actors will trigger it, and probably no one will 
> dare using virtio-gpu-rutabaga or virtio-gpu-gl in a security-sensitive 
> context.

Well, this is exactly what Chrome OS does, albiet with crosvm rather
than QEMU, right?

Akihiko Odaki Sept. 22, 2023, 7:54 a.m. UTC | #6

On 2023/09/22 16:42, Alyssa Ross wrote:
> Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]> writes:
> 
>> Practically there is very low chance to hit the bug. I think only
>> fuzzers and malicious actors will trigger it, and probably no one will
>> dare using virtio-gpu-rutabaga or virtio-gpu-gl in a security-sensitive
>> context.
> 
> Well, this is exactly what Chrome OS does, albiet with crosvm rather
> than QEMU, right?

I think so, but QEMU's virtio-gpu-rutabaga and virtio-gpu-gl should be 
very different from crosvm in terms that it does not isolate the 
graphics stack into a separate process while I believe crosvm does so. 
Having the entire graphics stack in a VMM is a security nightmare; it 
means giving a complex shader compiler the highest privilege. We need to 
use vhost-user-gpu instead for process isolation.

Since we already have such a serious security hazard, I don't think we 
have to care much about security. But security approximately equals to 
reliability, which matters for virtio-gpu-rutabaga and virtio-gpu-gl 
too, so it's still nice to get the bug fixed.

Thomas Huth Sept. 27, 2023, 11:45 a.m. UTC | #7

On 29/08/2023 02.36, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
> This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
> features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
> are also implemented in this patch.
> 
> gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
> paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
> Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
> platform.
> 
> Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
> The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
> auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
> allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
> implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.
> 
> gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
> between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
> Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
> academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
> Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
> panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
> support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].
> 
> One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
> Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
> a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.
> 
> Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
> the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
> port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
> It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
> "AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
> current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.
> 
> cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
> Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
> 2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.
> 
> In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
> and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
> both require to function correctly.
> 
> Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
> the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
> kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
> developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
> them.
> 
> It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
> nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
> another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
> enthusiasts.
> 
> Technical details:
>    - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
>    - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
>      calls
> 
> Next steps for Android VMs:
>    - The next step would be improving display integration and UI interfaces
>      with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
>      release [d].
> 
> Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
>    - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or the
>      wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition, newer
>      versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
>      which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough, it'll
>      probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this display
>      virtualization strategy.
> 
> [a] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
> [b] https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
> [c] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
> [d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
> [e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl
> 
> Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]>
> Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail]>
> Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
> Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]>
> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
> ---
...
> +static Property virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties[] = {
> +    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("capset_names", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_names),
> +    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wayland_socket_path", VirtIOGPURutabaga,
> +                       wayland_socket_path),

FWIW, it seems to be more common to use "-" instead of "_" to separate words 
in properties ... so I'd like to suggest to replace the underscores in the 
strings here.

  Thomas

Markus Armbruster Sept. 27, 2023, 12:24 p.m. UTC | #8

Thomas Huth <[e-mail]> writes:

[...]

>> +static Property virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties[] = {
>> +    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("capset_names", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_names),
>> +    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wayland_socket_path", VirtIOGPURutabaga,
>> +                       wayland_socket_path),
>
> FWIW, it seems to be more common to use "-" instead of "_" to separate words in properties ... so I'd like to suggest to replace the underscores in the strings here.

Please separate words with '-', not '_', except where existing
properties all use '_'.

Mark Cave-Ayland Sept. 27, 2023, 12:26 p.m. UTC | #9

On 27/09/2023 12:45, Thomas Huth wrote:

> On 29/08/2023 02.36, Gurchetan Singh wrote:
>> This adds initial support for gfxstream and cross-domain.  Both
>> features rely on virtio-gpu blob resources and context types, which
>> are also implemented in this patch.
>>
>> gfxstream has a long and illustrious history in Android graphics
>> paravirtualization.  It has been powering graphics in the Android
>> Studio Emulator for more than a decade, which is the main developer
>> platform.
>>
>> Originally conceived by Jesse Hall, it was first known as "EmuGL" [a].
>> The key design characteristic was a 1:1 threading model and
>> auto-generation, which fit nicely with the OpenGLES spec.  It also
>> allowed easy layering with ANGLE on the host, which provides the GLES
>> implementations on Windows or MacOS enviroments.
>>
>> gfxstream has traditionally been maintained by a single engineer, and
>> between 2015 to 2021, the goldfish throne passed to Frank Yang.
>> Historians often remark this glorious reign ("pax gfxstreama" is the
>> academic term) was comparable to that of Augustus and both Queen
>> Elizabeths.  Just to name a few accomplishments in a resplendent
>> panoply: higher versions of GLES, address space graphics, snapshot
>> support and CTS compliant Vulkan [b].
>>
>> One major drawback was the use of out-of-tree goldfish drivers.
>> Android engineers didn't know much about DRM/KMS and especially TTM so
>> a simple guest to host pipe was conceived.
>>
>> Luckily, virtio-gpu 3D started to emerge in 2016 due to the work of
>> the Mesa/virglrenderer communities.  In 2018, the initial virtio-gpu
>> port of gfxstream was done by Cuttlefish enthusiast Alistair Delva.
>> It was a symbol compatible replacement of virglrenderer [c] and named
>> "AVDVirglrenderer".  This implementation forms the basis of the
>> current gfxstream host implementation still in use today.
>>
>> cross-domain support follows a similar arc.  Originally conceived by
>> Wayland aficionado David Reveman and crosvm enjoyer Zach Reizner in
>> 2018, it initially relied on the downstream "virtio-wl" device.
>>
>> In 2020 and 2021, virtio-gpu was extended to include blob resources
>> and multiple timelines by yours truly, features gfxstream/cross-domain
>> both require to function correctly.
>>
>> Right now, we stand at the precipice of a truly fantastic possibility:
>> the Android Emulator powered by upstream QEMU and upstream Linux
>> kernel.  gfxstream will then be packaged properfully, and app
>> developers can even fix gfxstream bugs on their own if they encounter
>> them.
>>
>> It's been quite the ride, my friends.  Where will gfxstream head next,
>> nobody really knows.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's around for
>> another decade, maintained by a new generation of Android graphics
>> enthusiasts.
>>
>> Technical details:
>>    - Very simple initial display integration: just used Pixman
>>    - Largely, 1:1 mapping of virtio-gpu hypercalls to rutabaga function
>>      calls
>>
>> Next steps for Android VMs:
>>    - The next step would be improving display integration and UI interfaces
>>      with the goal of the QEMU upstream graphics being in an emulator
>>      release [d].
>>
>> Next steps for Linux VMs for display virtualization:
>>    - For widespread distribution, someone needs to package Sommelier or the
>>      wayland-proxy-virtwl [e] ideally into Debian main. In addition, newer
>>      versions of the Linux kernel come with DRM_VIRTIO_GPU_KMS option,
>>      which allows disabling KMS hypercalls.  If anyone cares enough, it'll
>>      probably be possible to build a custom VM variant that uses this display
>>      virtualization strategy.
>>
>> [a] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/platform/development/+/34470
>> [b] https://android-review.googlesource.com/q/topic:%22vulkan-hostconnection-start%22
>> [c] https://android-review.googlesource.com/c/device/generic/goldfish-opengl/+/761927
>> [d] https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/emulator
>> [e] https://github.com/talex5/wayland-proxy-virtwl
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Gurchetan Singh <[e-mail]>
>> Tested-by: Alyssa Ross <[e-mail]>
>> Tested-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
>> Tested-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
>> Reviewed-by: Emmanouil Pitsidianakis <[e-mail]>
>> Reviewed-by: Antonio Caggiano <[e-mail]>
>> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <[e-mail]>
>> ---
> ...
>> +static Property virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties[] = {
>> +    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("capset_names", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_names),
>> +    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wayland_socket_path", VirtIOGPURutabaga,
>> +                       wayland_socket_path),
> 
> FWIW, it seems to be more common to use "-" instead of "_" to separate words in 
> properties ... so I'd like to suggest to replace the underscores in the strings here.

It is actually part of the QOM documentation that object properties should use 
hyphens instead of underscores (see 
https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/blob/master/include/qom/object.h?ref_type=heads#L1013) 
but I agree it's buried so deep in the header file, it's almost impossible to find :( 
  Certainly it should be placed somewhere more prominent in the QOM and/or style 
documentation.


ATB,

Mark.

Patch

diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c96729e198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-pci-rutabaga.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ 
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-bus.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pci.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI "virtio-gpu-rutabaga-pci"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI, VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI)
+
+struct VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI {
+    VirtIOGPUPCIBase parent_obj;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
+};
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn(Object *obj)
+{
+    VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI *dev = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI(obj);
+
+    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
+                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
+    VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE(obj)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info[] = {
+    {
+        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI,
+        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_PCI_BASE,
+        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabagaPCI),
+        .instance_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_initfn,
+        .interfaces = (InterfaceInfo[]) {
+            { INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
+        }
+    },
+};
+
+DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_pci_info)
+
+module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA_PCI);
+module_kconfig(VIRTIO_PCI);
+module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu-pci");
diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a105e06214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-rutabaga.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@ 
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/iov.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu-pixman.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
+
+#include <glib/gmem.h>
+#include <rutabaga_gfx/rutabaga_gfx_ffi.h>
+
+#define CHECK(condition, cmd)                                                 \
+    do {                                                                      \
+        if (!(condition)) {                                                   \
+            error_report("CHECK failed in %s() %s:" "%d", __func__,           \
+                         __FILE__, __LINE__);                                 \
+            (cmd)->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;                        \
+            return;                                                           \
+       }                                                                      \
+    } while (0)
+
+/*
+ * This is the size of the char array in struct sock_addr_un. No Wayland socket
+ * can be created with a path longer than this, including the null terminator.
+ */
+#define UNIX_PATH_MAX sizeof((struct sockaddr_un) {} .sun_path)
+
+struct rutabaga_aio_data {
+    struct VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr;
+    struct rutabaga_fence fence;
+};
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_scanout *s,
+                                  uint32_t resource_id)
+{
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, resource_id);
+    if (!res) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (res->width != s->current_cursor->width ||
+        res->height != s->current_cursor->height) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transfer.x = 0;
+    transfer.y = 0;
+    transfer.z = 0;
+    transfer.w = res->width;
+    transfer.h = res->height;
+    transfer.d = 1;
+
+    transfer_iovec.iov_base = s->current_cursor->data;
+    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
+
+    rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
+                                    resource_id, &transfer,
+                                    &transfer_iovec);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed(VirtIOGPUBase *b)
+{
+    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(b);
+    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_2d c2d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c2d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_2d(c2d.resource_id, c2d.format,
+                                       c2d.width, c2d.height);
+
+    rc_3d.target = 2;
+    rc_3d.format = c2d.format;
+    rc_3d.bind = (1 << 1);
+    rc_3d.width = c2d.width;
+    rc_3d.height = c2d.height;
+    rc_3d.depth = 1;
+    rc_3d.array_size = 1;
+    rc_3d.last_level = 0;
+    rc_3d.nr_samples = 0;
+    rc_3d.flags = VIRTIO_GPU_RESOURCE_FLAG_Y_0_TOP;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c2d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
+    res->width = c2d.width;
+    res->height = c2d.height;
+    res->format = c2d.format;
+    res->resource_id = c2d.resource_id;
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_create_3d rc_3d = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_3d c3d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(c3d);
+
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_3d(c3d.resource_id, c3d.format,
+                                       c3d.width, c3d.height, c3d.depth);
+
+    rc_3d.target = c3d.target;
+    rc_3d.format = c3d.format;
+    rc_3d.bind = c3d.bind;
+    rc_3d.width = c3d.width;
+    rc_3d.height = c3d.height;
+    rc_3d.depth = c3d.depth;
+    rc_3d.array_size = c3d.array_size;
+    rc_3d.last_level = c3d.last_level;
+    rc_3d.nr_samples = c3d.nr_samples;
+    rc_3d.flags = c3d.flags;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_create_3d(vr->rutabaga, c3d.resource_id, &rc_3d);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
+    res->width = c3d.width;
+    res->height = c3d.height;
+    res->format = c3d.format;
+    res->resource_id = c3d.resource_id;
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unref unref;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(unref);
+
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_unref(unref.resource_id);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, unref.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_unref(vr->rutabaga, unref.resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    if (res->image) {
+        pixman_image_unref(res->image);
+    }
+
+    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->reslist, res, next);
+    g_free(res);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_context_create(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                            struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_create cc;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cc);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_create(cc.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                    cc.debug_name);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_create(vr->rutabaga, cc.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                     cc.context_init, cc.debug_name, cc.nlen);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                             struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_destroy cd;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cd);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_destroy(cd.hdr.ctx_id);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_destroy(vr->rutabaga, cd.hdr.ctx_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result, i;
+    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct iovec transfer_iovec;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_flush rf;
+    bool found = false;
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+    if (vr->headless) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(rf);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_flush(rf.resource_id,
+                                   rf.r.width, rf.r.height, rf.r.x, rf.r.y);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, rf.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < vb->conf.max_outputs; i++) {
+        scanout = &vb->scanout[i];
+        if (i == res->scanout_bitmask) {
+            found = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!found) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transfer.x = 0;
+    transfer.y = 0;
+    transfer.z = 0;
+    transfer.w = res->width;
+    transfer.h = res->height;
+    transfer.d = 1;
+
+    transfer_iovec.iov_base = pixman_image_get_data(res->image);
+    transfer_iovec.iov_len = res->width * res->height * 4;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, 0,
+                                             rf.resource_id, &transfer,
+                                             &transfer_iovec);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+    dpy_gfx_update_full(scanout->con);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_scanout *scanout = NULL;
+    struct virtio_gpu_set_scanout ss;
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+    if (vr->headless) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ss);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_set_scanout(ss.scanout_id, ss.resource_id,
+                                     ss.r.width, ss.r.height, ss.r.x, ss.r.y);
+
+    CHECK(ss.scanout_id < VIRTIO_GPU_MAX_SCANOUTS, cmd);
+    scanout = &vb->scanout[ss.scanout_id];
+
+    if (ss.resource_id == 0) {
+        dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
+        dpy_gl_scanout_disable(scanout->con);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ss.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    if (!res->image) {
+        pixman_format_code_t pformat;
+        pformat = virtio_gpu_get_pixman_format(res->format);
+        CHECK(pformat, cmd);
+
+        res->image = pixman_image_create_bits(pformat,
+                                              res->width,
+                                              res->height,
+                                              NULL, 0);
+        CHECK(res->image, cmd);
+        pixman_image_ref(res->image);
+    }
+
+    vb->enable = 1;
+
+    /* realloc the surface ptr */
+    scanout->ds = qemu_create_displaysurface_pixman(res->image);
+    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, NULL);
+    dpy_gfx_replace_surface(scanout->con, scanout->ds);
+    res->scanout_bitmask = ss.scanout_id;
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                       struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_cmd_submit cs;
+    struct rutabaga_command rutabaga_cmd = { 0 };
+    g_autofree uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+    size_t s;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cs);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_submit(cs.hdr.ctx_id, cs.size);
+
+    buf = g_new0(uint8_t, cs.size);
+    s = iov_to_buf(cmd->elem.out_sg, cmd->elem.out_num,
+                   sizeof(cs), buf, cs.size);
+    CHECK(s == cs.size, cmd);
+
+    rutabaga_cmd.ctx_id = cs.hdr.ctx_id;
+    rutabaga_cmd.cmd = buf;
+    rutabaga_cmd.cmd_size = cs.size;
+
+    result = rutabaga_submit_command(vr->rutabaga, &rutabaga_cmd);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_to_host_2d t2d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t2d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_2d(t2d.resource_id);
+
+    transfer.x = t2d.r.x;
+    transfer.y = t2d.r.y;
+    transfer.z = 0;
+    transfer.w = t2d.r.width;
+    transfer.h = t2d.r.height;
+    transfer.d = 1;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, 0, t2d.resource_id,
+                                              &transfer);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_toh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
+
+    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
+    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
+    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
+    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
+    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
+    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
+    transfer.level = t3d.level;
+    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
+    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
+    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_write(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                              t3d.resource_id, &transfer);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                   struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct rutabaga_transfer transfer = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_transfer_host_3d t3d;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(t3d);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_xfer_fromh_3d(t3d.resource_id);
+
+    transfer.x = t3d.box.x;
+    transfer.y = t3d.box.y;
+    transfer.z = t3d.box.z;
+    transfer.w = t3d.box.w;
+    transfer.h = t3d.box.h;
+    transfer.d = t3d.box.d;
+    transfer.level = t3d.level;
+    transfer.stride = t3d.stride;
+    transfer.layer_stride = t3d.layer_stride;
+    transfer.offset = t3d.offset;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_transfer_read(vr->rutabaga, t3d.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                             t3d.resource_id, &transfer, NULL);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_attach_backing att_rb;
+    int ret;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_rb);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_attach(att_rb.resource_id);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, att_rb.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+    CHECK(!res->iov, cmd);
+
+    ret = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, att_rb.nr_entries, sizeof(att_rb),
+                                        cmd, NULL, &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
+    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
+
+    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
+    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
+
+    ret = rutabaga_resource_attach_backing(vr->rutabaga, att_rb.resource_id,
+                                           &vecs);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
+    }
+
+    CHECK(!ret, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_detach_backing detach_rb;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(detach_rb);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_back_detach(detach_rb.resource_id);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, detach_rb.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    rutabaga_resource_detach_backing(vr->rutabaga,
+                                     detach_rb.resource_id);
+
+    virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource att_res;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(att_res);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_attach(att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                        att_res.resource_id);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_attach_resource(vr->rutabaga, att_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                              att_res.resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctx_resource det_res;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(det_res);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_ctx_res_detach(det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                        det_res.resource_id);
+
+    result = rutabaga_context_detach_resource(vr->rutabaga, det_res.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                              det_res.resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset_info info;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset_info resp;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(info);
+
+    result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, info.capset_index,
+                                      &resp.capset_id, &resp.capset_max_version,
+                                      &resp.capset_max_size);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET_INFO;
+    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(VirtIOGPU *g, struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    struct virtio_gpu_get_capset gc;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resp_capset *resp;
+    uint32_t capset_size, capset_version;
+    uint32_t current_id, i;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(gc);
+    for (i = 0; i < vr->num_capsets; i++) {
+        result = rutabaga_get_capset_info(vr->rutabaga, i,
+                                          &current_id, &capset_version,
+                                          &capset_size);
+        CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+        if (current_id == gc.capset_id) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK(i < vr->num_capsets, cmd);
+
+    resp = g_malloc0(sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
+    resp->hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_CAPSET;
+    rutabaga_get_capset(vr->rutabaga, gc.capset_id, gc.capset_version,
+                        resp->capset_data, capset_size);
+
+    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp->hdr, sizeof(*resp) + capset_size);
+    g_free(resp);
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                  struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int result;
+    struct rutabaga_iovecs vecs = { 0 };
+    g_autofree struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res = NULL;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_create_blob cblob;
+    struct rutabaga_create_blob rc_blob = { 0 };
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cblob);
+    trace_virtio_gpu_cmd_res_create_blob(cblob.resource_id, cblob.size);
+
+    CHECK(cblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
+
+    res = g_new0(struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource, 1);
+
+    res->resource_id = cblob.resource_id;
+    res->blob_size = cblob.size;
+
+    if (cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
+        result = virtio_gpu_create_mapping_iov(g, cblob.nr_entries,
+                                               sizeof(cblob), cmd, &res->addrs,
+                                               &res->iov, &res->iov_cnt);
+        CHECK(!result, cmd);
+    }
+
+    rc_blob.blob_id = cblob.blob_id;
+    rc_blob.blob_mem = cblob.blob_mem;
+    rc_blob.blob_flags = cblob.blob_flags;
+    rc_blob.size = cblob.size;
+
+    vecs.iovecs = res->iov;
+    vecs.num_iovecs = res->iov_cnt;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_create_blob(vr->rutabaga, cblob.hdr.ctx_id,
+                                           cblob.resource_id, &rc_blob, &vecs,
+                                           NULL);
+
+    if (result && cblob.blob_mem != VIRTIO_GPU_BLOB_MEM_HOST3D) {
+        virtio_gpu_cleanup_mapping(g, res);
+    }
+
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&g->reslist, res, next);
+    res = NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                               struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    uint32_t map_info = 0;
+    uint32_t slot = 0;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct rutabaga_mapping mapping = { 0 };
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_map_blob mblob;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resp_map_info resp = { 0 };
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(mblob);
+
+    CHECK(mblob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, mblob.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_map_info(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id,
+                                        &map_info);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    /*
+     * RUTABAGA_MAP_ACCESS_* flags are not part of the virtio-gpu spec, but do
+     * exist to potentially allow the hypervisor to restrict write access to
+     * memory. QEMU does not need to use this functionality at the moment.
+     */
+    resp.map_info = map_info & RUTABAGA_MAP_CACHE_MASK;
+
+    result = rutabaga_resource_map(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id, &mapping);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+
+    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
+        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].used) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
+        memory_region_init_ram_ptr(mr, OBJECT(vr), "blob", mapping.size,
+                                   mapping.ptr);
+        memory_region_add_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mblob.offset, mr);
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = mblob.resource_id;
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 1;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (slot >= MAX_SLOTS) {
+        result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, mblob.resource_id);
+        CHECK(!result, cmd);
+    }
+
+    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
+
+    resp.hdr.type = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_MAP_INFO;
+    virtio_gpu_ctrl_response(g, cmd, &resp.hdr, sizeof(resp));
+}
+
+static void
+rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                 struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    int32_t result;
+    uint32_t slot = 0;
+    struct virtio_gpu_simple_resource *res;
+    struct virtio_gpu_resource_unmap_blob ublob;
+
+    VirtIOGPUBase *vb = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(g);
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(ublob);
+
+    CHECK(ublob.resource_id != 0, cmd);
+
+    res = virtio_gpu_find_resource(g, ublob.resource_id);
+    CHECK(res, cmd);
+
+    for (slot = 0; slot < MAX_SLOTS; slot++) {
+        if (vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id != ublob.resource_id) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        MemoryRegion *mr = &(vr->memory_regions[slot].mr);
+        memory_region_del_subregion(&vb->hostmem, mr);
+
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].resource_id = 0;
+        vr->memory_regions[slot].used = 0;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    CHECK(slot < MAX_SLOTS, cmd);
+    result = rutabaga_resource_unmap(vr->rutabaga, res->resource_id);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_process_cmd(VirtIOGPU *g,
+                                struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_fence fence = { 0 };
+    int32_t result;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    VIRTIO_GPU_FILL_CMD(cmd->cmd_hdr);
+
+    switch (cmd->cmd_hdr.type) {
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_CREATE:
+        rutabaga_cmd_context_create(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DESTROY:
+        rutabaga_cmd_context_destroy(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_2d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_create_resource_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SUBMIT_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_submit_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_2d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_transfer_to_host_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_FROM_HOST_3D:
+        rutabaga_cmd_transfer_from_host_3d(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING:
+        rutabaga_cmd_attach_backing(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_DETACH_BACKING:
+        rutabaga_cmd_detach_backing(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT:
+        rutabaga_cmd_set_scanout(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_flush(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNREF:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_unref(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_ATTACH_RESOURCE:
+        rutabaga_cmd_ctx_attach_resource(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_CTX_DETACH_RESOURCE:
+        rutabaga_cmd_ctx_detach_resource(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET_INFO:
+        rutabaga_cmd_get_capset_info(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_CAPSET:
+        rutabaga_cmd_get_capset(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_DISPLAY_INFO:
+        virtio_gpu_get_display_info(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_GET_EDID:
+        virtio_gpu_get_edid(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_BLOB:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_create_blob(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_MAP_BLOB:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_map_blob(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    case VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_UNMAP_BLOB:
+        rutabaga_cmd_resource_unmap_blob(g, cmd);
+        break;
+    default:
+        cmd->error = VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_ERR_UNSPEC;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (cmd->finished) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (cmd->error) {
+        error_report("%s: ctrl 0x%x, error 0x%x", __func__,
+                     cmd->cmd_hdr.type, cmd->error);
+        virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(g, cmd, cmd->error);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!(cmd->cmd_hdr.flags & VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_FENCE)) {
+        virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(g, cmd, VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_NODATA);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fence.flags = cmd->cmd_hdr.flags;
+    fence.ctx_id = cmd->cmd_hdr.ctx_id;
+    fence.fence_id = cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id;
+    fence.ring_idx = cmd->cmd_hdr.ring_idx;
+
+    trace_virtio_gpu_fence_ctrl(cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id, cmd->cmd_hdr.type);
+
+    result = rutabaga_create_fence(vr->rutabaga, &fence);
+    CHECK(!result, cmd);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_aio_cb(void *opaque)
+{
+    struct rutabaga_aio_data *data = opaque;
+    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(data->vr);
+    struct rutabaga_fence fence_data = data->fence;
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd, *tmp;
+
+    uint32_t signaled_ctx_specific = fence_data.flags &
+                                     RUTABAGA_FLAG_INFO_RING_IDX;
+
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cmd, &g->fenceq, next, tmp) {
+        /*
+         * Due to context specific timelines.
+         */
+        uint32_t target_ctx_specific = cmd->cmd_hdr.flags &
+                                       RUTABAGA_FLAG_INFO_RING_IDX;
+
+        if (signaled_ctx_specific != target_ctx_specific) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (signaled_ctx_specific &&
+           (cmd->cmd_hdr.ring_idx != fence_data.ring_idx)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id > fence_data.fence_id) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        trace_virtio_gpu_fence_resp(cmd->cmd_hdr.fence_id);
+        virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(g, cmd, VIRTIO_GPU_RESP_OK_NODATA);
+        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&g->fenceq, cmd, next);
+        g_free(cmd);
+    }
+
+    g_free(data);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_fence_cb(uint64_t user_data,
+                             const struct rutabaga_fence *fence) {
+    struct rutabaga_aio_data *data;
+    VirtIOGPU *g = (VirtIOGPU *)user_data;
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    /*
+     * gfxstream and both cross-domain (and even newer versions virglrenderer:
+     * see VIRGL_RENDERER_ASYNC_FENCE_CB) like to signal fence completion on
+     * threads ("callback threads") that are different from the thread that
+     * processes the command queue ("main thread").
+     *
+     * crosvm and other virtio-gpu 1.1 implementations enable callback threads
+     * via locking.  However, on QEMU a deadlock is observed if
+     * virtio_gpu_ctrl_response_nodata(..) [used in the fence callback] is used
+     * from a thread that is not the main thread.
+     *
+     * The reason is QEMU's internal locking is designed to work with QEMU
+     * threads (see rcu_register_thread()) and not generic C/C++/Rust threads.
+     * For now, we can workaround this by scheduling the return of the
+     * fence descriptors on the main thread.
+     */
+
+    data = g_new0(struct rutabaga_aio_data, 1);
+    data->vr = vr;
+    data->fence = *fence;
+    aio_bh_schedule_oneshot(qemu_get_aio_context(),
+                            virtio_gpu_rutabaga_aio_cb,
+                            data);
+}
+
+static void
+virtio_gpu_rutabaga_debug_cb(uint64_t user_data,
+                             const struct rutabaga_debug *debug) {
+
+    if (debug->debug_type == RUTABAGA_DEBUG_ERROR) {
+        error_report("%s", debug->message);
+    } else if (debug->debug_type == RUTABAGA_DEBUG_WARN) {
+        warn_report("%s", debug->message);
+    } else if (debug->debug_type == RUTABAGA_DEBUG_INFO) {
+        info_report("%s", debug->message);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool virtio_gpu_rutabaga_init(VirtIOGPU *g, Error **errp)
+{
+    int result;
+    uint64_t capset_mask;
+    struct rutabaga_builder builder = { 0 };
+    char wayland_socket_path[UNIX_PATH_MAX];
+    struct rutabaga_channel channel = { 0 };
+    struct rutabaga_channels channels = { 0 };
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+    vr->rutabaga = NULL;
+
+    if (!vr->capset_names) {
+        error_setg(errp, "a capset name from the virtio-gpu spec is required");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    builder.wsi = RUTABAGA_WSI_SURFACELESS;
+    /*
+     * Currently, if WSI is specified, the only valid strings are "surfaceless"
+     * or "headless".  Surfaceless doesn't create a native window surface, but
+     * does copy from the render target to the Pixman buffer if a virtio-gpu
+     * 2D hypercall is issued.  Surfacless is the default.
+     *
+     * Headless is like surfaceless, but doesn't copy to the Pixman buffer. The
+     * use case is automated testing environments where there is no need to view
+     * results.
+     *
+     * In the future, more performant virtio-gpu 2D UI integration may be added.
+     */
+    if (vr->wsi) {
+        if (g_str_equal(vr->wsi, "surfaceless")) {
+            vr->headless = false;
+        } else if (g_str_equal(vr->wsi, "headless")) {
+            vr->headless = true;
+        } else {
+            error_setg(errp, "invalid wsi option selected");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = rutabaga_calculate_capset_mask(vr->capset_names, &capset_mask);
+    if (result) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "invalid capset names: %s",
+                         vr->capset_names);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    builder.fence_cb = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_fence_cb;
+    builder.debug_cb = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_debug_cb;
+    builder.capset_mask = capset_mask;
+    builder.user_data = (uint64_t)g;
+
+    /*
+     * If the user doesn't specify the wayland socket path, we try to infer
+     * the socket via a process similar to the one used by libwayland.
+     * libwayland does the following:
+     *
+     * 1) If $WAYLAND_DISPLAY is set, attempt to connect to
+     *    $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/$WAYLAND_DISPLAY
+     * 2) Otherwise, attempt to connect to $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-0
+     * 3) Otherwise, don't pass a wayland socket to rutabaga. If a guest
+     *    wayland proxy is launched, it will fail to work.
+     */
+    channel.channel_type = RUTABAGA_CHANNEL_TYPE_WAYLAND;
+    if (!vr->wayland_socket_path) {
+        const char *runtime_dir = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+        const char *display = getenv("WAYLAND_DISPLAY");
+        if (!display) {
+            display = "wayland-0";
+        }
+
+        if (runtime_dir) {
+            result = snprintf(wayland_socket_path, UNIX_PATH_MAX,
+                              "%s/%s", runtime_dir, display);
+            if (result > 0 && result < UNIX_PATH_MAX) {
+                channel.channel_name = wayland_socket_path;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        channel.channel_name = vr->wayland_socket_path;
+    }
+
+    if ((builder.capset_mask & (1 << RUTABAGA_CAPSET_CROSS_DOMAIN))) {
+        if (channel.channel_name) {
+            channels.channels = &channel;
+            channels.num_channels = 1;
+            builder.channels = &channels;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = rutabaga_init(&builder, &vr->rutabaga);
+    if (result) {
+        error_setg_errno(errp, -result, "Failed to init rutabaga");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int virtio_gpu_rutabaga_get_num_capsets(VirtIOGPU *g)
+{
+    int result;
+    uint32_t num_capsets;
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga *vr = VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA(g);
+
+    result = rutabaga_get_num_capsets(vr->rutabaga, &num_capsets);
+    if (result) {
+        error_report("Failed to get capsets");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    vr->num_capsets = num_capsets;
+    return num_capsets;
+}
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_handle_ctrl(VirtIODevice *vdev, VirtQueue *vq)
+{
+    VirtIOGPU *g = VIRTIO_GPU(vdev);
+    struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command *cmd;
+
+    if (!virtio_queue_ready(vq)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    cmd = virtqueue_pop(vq, sizeof(struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command));
+    while (cmd) {
+        cmd->vq = vq;
+        cmd->error = 0;
+        cmd->finished = false;
+        QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&g->cmdq, cmd, next);
+        cmd = virtqueue_pop(vq, sizeof(struct virtio_gpu_ctrl_command));
+    }
+
+    virtio_gpu_process_cmdq(g);
+}
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_realize(DeviceState *qdev, Error **errp)
+{
+    int num_capsets;
+    VirtIOGPUBase *bdev = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(qdev);
+    VirtIOGPU *gpudev = VIRTIO_GPU(qdev);
+
+#if HOST_BIG_ENDIAN
+    error_setg(errp, "rutabaga is not supported on bigendian platforms");
+    return;
+#endif
+
+    if (!virtio_gpu_rutabaga_init(gpudev, errp)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    num_capsets = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_get_num_capsets(gpudev);
+    if (!num_capsets) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bdev->conf.flags |= (1 << VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_RUTABAGA_ENABLED);
+    bdev->conf.flags |= (1 << VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_BLOB_ENABLED);
+    bdev->conf.flags |= (1 << VIRTIO_GPU_FLAG_CONTEXT_INIT_ENABLED);
+
+    bdev->virtio_config.num_capsets = num_capsets;
+    virtio_gpu_device_realize(qdev, errp);
+}
+
+static Property virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties[] = {
+    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("capset_names", VirtIOGPURutabaga, capset_names),
+    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wayland_socket_path", VirtIOGPURutabaga,
+                       wayland_socket_path),
+    DEFINE_PROP_STRING("wsi", VirtIOGPURutabaga, wsi),
+    DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
+};
+
+static void virtio_gpu_rutabaga_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
+{
+    DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+    VirtioDeviceClass *vdc = VIRTIO_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
+    VirtIOGPUBaseClass *vbc = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE_CLASS(klass);
+    VirtIOGPUClass *vgc = VIRTIO_GPU_CLASS(klass);
+
+    vbc->gl_flushed = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_gl_flushed;
+    vgc->handle_ctrl = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_handle_ctrl;
+    vgc->process_cmd = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_process_cmd;
+    vgc->update_cursor_data = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_update_cursor;
+
+    vdc->realize = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_realize;
+    device_class_set_props(dc, virtio_gpu_rutabaga_properties);
+}
+
+static const TypeInfo virtio_gpu_rutabaga_info[] = {
+    {
+        .name = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA,
+        .parent = TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU,
+        .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOGPURutabaga),
+        .class_init = virtio_gpu_rutabaga_class_init,
+    },
+};
+
+DEFINE_TYPES(virtio_gpu_rutabaga_info)
+
+module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
+module_kconfig(VIRTIO_GPU);
+module_dep("hw-display-virtio-gpu");
diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c b/hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7bef6da24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-vga-rutabaga.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ 
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "hw/virtio/virtio-gpu.h"
+#include "hw/display/vga.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "virtio-vga.h"
+#include "qom/object.h"
+
+#define TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA "virtio-vga-rutabaga"
+
+OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(VirtIOVGARutabaga, VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA)
+
+struct VirtIOVGARutabaga {
+    VirtIOVGABase parent_obj;
+
+    VirtIOGPURutabaga vdev;
+};
+
+static void virtio_vga_rutabaga_inst_initfn(Object *obj)
+{
+    VirtIOVGARutabaga *dev = VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA(obj);
+
+    virtio_instance_init_common(obj, &dev->vdev, sizeof(dev->vdev),
+                                TYPE_VIRTIO_GPU_RUTABAGA);
+    VIRTIO_VGA_BASE(dev)->vgpu = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(&dev->vdev);
+}
+
+static VirtioPCIDeviceTypeInfo virtio_vga_rutabaga_info = {
+    .generic_name  = TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA,
+    .parent        = TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_BASE,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(VirtIOVGARutabaga),
+    .instance_init = virtio_vga_rutabaga_inst_initfn,
+};
+module_obj(TYPE_VIRTIO_VGA_RUTABAGA);
+module_kconfig(VIRTIO_VGA);
+
+static void virtio_vga_register_types(void)
+{
+    if (have_vga) {
+        virtio_pci_types_register(&virtio_vga_rutabaga_info);
+    }
+}
+
+type_init(virtio_vga_register_types)
+
+module_dep("hw-display-virtio-vga");