Message ID | 20240822084733.1599295-9-frank.li@vivo.com (mailing list archive) |
---|---|
State | Superseded |
Delegated to: | Geert Uytterhoeven |
Headers | show |
Series | net: convert to devm_clk_get_enabled() and devm_clk_get_optional_enabled() | expand |
Hello, I've tested this patch on a MacchiatoBin, works well :) On Thu, 22 Aug 2024 02:47:32 -0600 Yangtao Li <frank.li@vivo.com> wrote: > Use devm_clk_get_enabled() and devm_clk_get_optional_enabled() > to simplify code. > > Signed-off-by: Yangtao Li <frank.li@vivo.com> Reviewed-by: Maxime Chevallier <maxime.chevallier@bootlin.com> Tested-by: Maxime Chevallier <maxime.chevallier@bootlin.com> Thanks, Maxime
Le 22/08/2024 à 10:47, Yangtao Li a écrit : > Use devm_clk_get_enabled() and devm_clk_get_optional_enabled() > to simplify code. > > Signed-off-by: Yangtao Li <frank.li@vivo.com> > --- > drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h | 7 -- > .../net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c | 86 +++++-------------- > 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h > index 9e02e4367bec..643a645e8097 100644 > --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h > +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h > @@ -1044,13 +1044,6 @@ struct mvpp2 { > */ > struct regmap *sysctrl_base; > > - /* Common clocks */ > - struct clk *pp_clk; > - struct clk *gop_clk; > - struct clk *mg_clk; > - struct clk *mg_core_clk; > - struct clk *axi_clk; > - > /* List of pointers to port structures */ > int port_count; > struct mvpp2_port *port_list[MVPP2_MAX_PORTS]; > diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c > index 2fe8bae4eb3c..0075499de29f 100644 > --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c > +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c > @@ -7462,6 +7462,7 @@ static int mvpp2_get_sram(struct platform_device *pdev, > > static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > { > + struct clk *pp_clk, *gop_clk, *mg_clk, *mg_core_clk, *axi_clk; Hi, Nitpick: you could also define just struct clk *pp_clk, *clk; and reuse clk for most calls. *Maybe* clk_get_rate() could be moved in order to only need 1 clk. CJ > struct mvpp2 *priv; > struct resource *res; > void __iomem *base; > @@ -7561,56 +7562,30 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > priv->max_port_rxqs = 32; > > if (dev_of_node(&pdev->dev)) { > - priv->pp_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "pp_clk"); > - if (IS_ERR(priv->pp_clk)) > - return PTR_ERR(priv->pp_clk); > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->pp_clk); > - if (err < 0) > - return err; > + pp_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "pp_clk"); > + if (IS_ERR(pp_clk)) > + return PTR_ERR(pp_clk); > > - priv->gop_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "gop_clk"); > - if (IS_ERR(priv->gop_clk)) { > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->gop_clk); > - goto err_pp_clk; > - } > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->gop_clk); > - if (err < 0) > - goto err_pp_clk; > + gop_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "gop_clk"); > + if (IS_ERR(gop_clk)) > + return PTR_ERR(gop_clk); > > if (priv->hw_version >= MVPP22) { > - priv->mg_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mg_clk"); > - if (IS_ERR(priv->mg_clk)) { > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->mg_clk); > - goto err_gop_clk; > - } > - > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->mg_clk); > - if (err < 0) > - goto err_gop_clk; > - > - priv->mg_core_clk = devm_clk_get_optional(&pdev->dev, "mg_core_clk"); > - if (IS_ERR(priv->mg_core_clk)) { > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->mg_core_clk); > - goto err_mg_clk; > - } > + mg_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "mg_clk"); > + if (IS_ERR(mg_clk)) > + return PTR_ERR(mg_clk); > > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->mg_core_clk); > - if (err < 0) > - goto err_mg_clk; > + mg_core_clk = devm_clk_get_optional_enabled(&pdev->dev, "mg_core_clk"); > + if (IS_ERR(mg_core_clk)) > + return PTR_ERR(mg_core_clk); > } > > - priv->axi_clk = devm_clk_get_optional(&pdev->dev, "axi_clk"); > - if (IS_ERR(priv->axi_clk)) { > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->axi_clk); > - goto err_mg_core_clk; > - } > - > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->axi_clk); > - if (err < 0) > - goto err_mg_core_clk; > + axi_clk = devm_clk_get_optional_enabled(&pdev->dev, "axi_clk"); > + if (IS_ERR(axi_clk)) > + return PTR_ERR(axi_clk); > > /* Get system's tclk rate */ > - priv->tclk = clk_get_rate(priv->pp_clk); > + priv->tclk = clk_get_rate(pp_clk); > } else { > err = device_property_read_u32(&pdev->dev, "clock-frequency", &priv->tclk); > if (err) { > @@ -7622,7 +7597,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > if (priv->hw_version >= MVPP22) { > err = dma_set_mask(&pdev->dev, MVPP2_DESC_DMA_MASK); > if (err) > - goto err_axi_clk; > + return err; > /* Sadly, the BM pools all share the same register to > * store the high 32 bits of their address. So they > * must all have the same high 32 bits, which forces > @@ -7630,7 +7605,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > */ > err = dma_set_coherent_mask(&pdev->dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); > if (err) > - goto err_axi_clk; > + return err; > } > > /* Map DTS-active ports. Should be done before FIFO mvpp2_init */ > @@ -7649,12 +7624,12 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > err = mvpp2_init(pdev, priv); > if (err < 0) { > dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to initialize controller\n"); > - goto err_axi_clk; > + return err; > } > > err = mvpp22_tai_probe(&pdev->dev, priv); > if (err < 0) > - goto err_axi_clk; > + return err; > > /* Initialize ports */ > device_for_each_child_node_scoped(&pdev->dev, port_fwnode) { > @@ -7665,8 +7640,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > if (priv->port_count == 0) { > dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no ports enabled\n"); > - err = -ENODEV; > - goto err_axi_clk; > + return -ENODEV; > } > > /* Statistics must be gathered regularly because some of them (like > @@ -7698,16 +7672,6 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > err_port_probe: > for (i = 0; i < priv->port_count; i++) > mvpp2_port_remove(priv->port_list[i]); > -err_axi_clk: > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->axi_clk); > -err_mg_core_clk: > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_core_clk); > -err_mg_clk: > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_clk); > -err_gop_clk: > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->gop_clk); > -err_pp_clk: > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->pp_clk); > return err; > } > > @@ -7745,12 +7709,6 @@ static void mvpp2_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) > > if (!dev_of_node(&pdev->dev)) > return; > - > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->axi_clk); > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_core_clk); > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_clk); > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->pp_clk); > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->gop_clk); > } > > static const struct of_device_id mvpp2_match[] = {
czw., 22 sie 2024 o 15:20 Christophe JAILLET <christophe.jaillet@wanadoo.fr> napisał(a): > > Le 22/08/2024 à 10:47, Yangtao Li a écrit : > > Use devm_clk_get_enabled() and devm_clk_get_optional_enabled() > > to simplify code. > > > > Signed-off-by: Yangtao Li <frank.li@vivo.com> > > --- > > drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h | 7 -- > > .../net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c | 86 +++++-------------- > > 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-) > > > > diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h > > index 9e02e4367bec..643a645e8097 100644 > > --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h > > +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h > > @@ -1044,13 +1044,6 @@ struct mvpp2 { > > */ > > struct regmap *sysctrl_base; > > > > - /* Common clocks */ > > - struct clk *pp_clk; > > - struct clk *gop_clk; > > - struct clk *mg_clk; > > - struct clk *mg_core_clk; > > - struct clk *axi_clk; > > - > > /* List of pointers to port structures */ > > int port_count; > > struct mvpp2_port *port_list[MVPP2_MAX_PORTS]; > > diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c > > index 2fe8bae4eb3c..0075499de29f 100644 > > --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c > > +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c > > @@ -7462,6 +7462,7 @@ static int mvpp2_get_sram(struct platform_device *pdev, > > > > static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > { > > + struct clk *pp_clk, *gop_clk, *mg_clk, *mg_core_clk, *axi_clk; > > Hi, > > Nitpick: you could also define just struct clk *pp_clk, *clk; and reuse > clk for most calls. > *Maybe* clk_get_rate() could be moved in order to only need 1 clk. > I'm also supportive to optimizing for amount of variables used, as they are all local now. Best regards, Marcin > CJ > > > struct mvpp2 *priv; > > struct resource *res; > > void __iomem *base; > > @@ -7561,56 +7562,30 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > priv->max_port_rxqs = 32; > > > > if (dev_of_node(&pdev->dev)) { > > - priv->pp_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "pp_clk"); > > - if (IS_ERR(priv->pp_clk)) > > - return PTR_ERR(priv->pp_clk); > > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->pp_clk); > > - if (err < 0) > > - return err; > > + pp_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "pp_clk"); > > + if (IS_ERR(pp_clk)) > > + return PTR_ERR(pp_clk); > > > > - priv->gop_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "gop_clk"); > > - if (IS_ERR(priv->gop_clk)) { > > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->gop_clk); > > - goto err_pp_clk; > > - } > > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->gop_clk); > > - if (err < 0) > > - goto err_pp_clk; > > + gop_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "gop_clk"); > > + if (IS_ERR(gop_clk)) > > + return PTR_ERR(gop_clk); > > > > if (priv->hw_version >= MVPP22) { > > - priv->mg_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mg_clk"); > > - if (IS_ERR(priv->mg_clk)) { > > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->mg_clk); > > - goto err_gop_clk; > > - } > > - > > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->mg_clk); > > - if (err < 0) > > - goto err_gop_clk; > > - > > - priv->mg_core_clk = devm_clk_get_optional(&pdev->dev, "mg_core_clk"); > > - if (IS_ERR(priv->mg_core_clk)) { > > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->mg_core_clk); > > - goto err_mg_clk; > > - } > > + mg_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "mg_clk"); > > + if (IS_ERR(mg_clk)) > > + return PTR_ERR(mg_clk); > > > > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->mg_core_clk); > > - if (err < 0) > > - goto err_mg_clk; > > + mg_core_clk = devm_clk_get_optional_enabled(&pdev->dev, "mg_core_clk"); > > + if (IS_ERR(mg_core_clk)) > > + return PTR_ERR(mg_core_clk); > > } > > > > - priv->axi_clk = devm_clk_get_optional(&pdev->dev, "axi_clk"); > > - if (IS_ERR(priv->axi_clk)) { > > - err = PTR_ERR(priv->axi_clk); > > - goto err_mg_core_clk; > > - } > > - > > - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->axi_clk); > > - if (err < 0) > > - goto err_mg_core_clk; > > + axi_clk = devm_clk_get_optional_enabled(&pdev->dev, "axi_clk"); > > + if (IS_ERR(axi_clk)) > > + return PTR_ERR(axi_clk); > > > > /* Get system's tclk rate */ > > - priv->tclk = clk_get_rate(priv->pp_clk); > > + priv->tclk = clk_get_rate(pp_clk); > > } else { > > err = device_property_read_u32(&pdev->dev, "clock-frequency", &priv->tclk); > > if (err) { > > @@ -7622,7 +7597,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > if (priv->hw_version >= MVPP22) { > > err = dma_set_mask(&pdev->dev, MVPP2_DESC_DMA_MASK); > > if (err) > > - goto err_axi_clk; > > + return err; > > /* Sadly, the BM pools all share the same register to > > * store the high 32 bits of their address. So they > > * must all have the same high 32 bits, which forces > > @@ -7630,7 +7605,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > */ > > err = dma_set_coherent_mask(&pdev->dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); > > if (err) > > - goto err_axi_clk; > > + return err; > > } > > > > /* Map DTS-active ports. Should be done before FIFO mvpp2_init */ > > @@ -7649,12 +7624,12 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > err = mvpp2_init(pdev, priv); > > if (err < 0) { > > dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to initialize controller\n"); > > - goto err_axi_clk; > > + return err; > > } > > > > err = mvpp22_tai_probe(&pdev->dev, priv); > > if (err < 0) > > - goto err_axi_clk; > > + return err; > > > > /* Initialize ports */ > > device_for_each_child_node_scoped(&pdev->dev, port_fwnode) { > > @@ -7665,8 +7640,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > > > if (priv->port_count == 0) { > > dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no ports enabled\n"); > > - err = -ENODEV; > > - goto err_axi_clk; > > + return -ENODEV; > > } > > > > /* Statistics must be gathered regularly because some of them (like > > @@ -7698,16 +7672,6 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) > > err_port_probe: > > for (i = 0; i < priv->port_count; i++) > > mvpp2_port_remove(priv->port_list[i]); > > -err_axi_clk: > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->axi_clk); > > -err_mg_core_clk: > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_core_clk); > > -err_mg_clk: > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_clk); > > -err_gop_clk: > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->gop_clk); > > -err_pp_clk: > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->pp_clk); > > return err; > > } > > > > @@ -7745,12 +7709,6 @@ static void mvpp2_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) > > > > if (!dev_of_node(&pdev->dev)) > > return; > > - > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->axi_clk); > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_core_clk); > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_clk); > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->pp_clk); > > - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->gop_clk); > > } > > > > static const struct of_device_id mvpp2_match[] = { >
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h index 9e02e4367bec..643a645e8097 100644 --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h @@ -1044,13 +1044,6 @@ struct mvpp2 { */ struct regmap *sysctrl_base; - /* Common clocks */ - struct clk *pp_clk; - struct clk *gop_clk; - struct clk *mg_clk; - struct clk *mg_core_clk; - struct clk *axi_clk; - /* List of pointers to port structures */ int port_count; struct mvpp2_port *port_list[MVPP2_MAX_PORTS]; diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c index 2fe8bae4eb3c..0075499de29f 100644 --- a/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c +++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c @@ -7462,6 +7462,7 @@ static int mvpp2_get_sram(struct platform_device *pdev, static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { + struct clk *pp_clk, *gop_clk, *mg_clk, *mg_core_clk, *axi_clk; struct mvpp2 *priv; struct resource *res; void __iomem *base; @@ -7561,56 +7562,30 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) priv->max_port_rxqs = 32; if (dev_of_node(&pdev->dev)) { - priv->pp_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "pp_clk"); - if (IS_ERR(priv->pp_clk)) - return PTR_ERR(priv->pp_clk); - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->pp_clk); - if (err < 0) - return err; + pp_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "pp_clk"); + if (IS_ERR(pp_clk)) + return PTR_ERR(pp_clk); - priv->gop_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "gop_clk"); - if (IS_ERR(priv->gop_clk)) { - err = PTR_ERR(priv->gop_clk); - goto err_pp_clk; - } - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->gop_clk); - if (err < 0) - goto err_pp_clk; + gop_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "gop_clk"); + if (IS_ERR(gop_clk)) + return PTR_ERR(gop_clk); if (priv->hw_version >= MVPP22) { - priv->mg_clk = devm_clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mg_clk"); - if (IS_ERR(priv->mg_clk)) { - err = PTR_ERR(priv->mg_clk); - goto err_gop_clk; - } - - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->mg_clk); - if (err < 0) - goto err_gop_clk; - - priv->mg_core_clk = devm_clk_get_optional(&pdev->dev, "mg_core_clk"); - if (IS_ERR(priv->mg_core_clk)) { - err = PTR_ERR(priv->mg_core_clk); - goto err_mg_clk; - } + mg_clk = devm_clk_get_enabled(&pdev->dev, "mg_clk"); + if (IS_ERR(mg_clk)) + return PTR_ERR(mg_clk); - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->mg_core_clk); - if (err < 0) - goto err_mg_clk; + mg_core_clk = devm_clk_get_optional_enabled(&pdev->dev, "mg_core_clk"); + if (IS_ERR(mg_core_clk)) + return PTR_ERR(mg_core_clk); } - priv->axi_clk = devm_clk_get_optional(&pdev->dev, "axi_clk"); - if (IS_ERR(priv->axi_clk)) { - err = PTR_ERR(priv->axi_clk); - goto err_mg_core_clk; - } - - err = clk_prepare_enable(priv->axi_clk); - if (err < 0) - goto err_mg_core_clk; + axi_clk = devm_clk_get_optional_enabled(&pdev->dev, "axi_clk"); + if (IS_ERR(axi_clk)) + return PTR_ERR(axi_clk); /* Get system's tclk rate */ - priv->tclk = clk_get_rate(priv->pp_clk); + priv->tclk = clk_get_rate(pp_clk); } else { err = device_property_read_u32(&pdev->dev, "clock-frequency", &priv->tclk); if (err) { @@ -7622,7 +7597,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) if (priv->hw_version >= MVPP22) { err = dma_set_mask(&pdev->dev, MVPP2_DESC_DMA_MASK); if (err) - goto err_axi_clk; + return err; /* Sadly, the BM pools all share the same register to * store the high 32 bits of their address. So they * must all have the same high 32 bits, which forces @@ -7630,7 +7605,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) */ err = dma_set_coherent_mask(&pdev->dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); if (err) - goto err_axi_clk; + return err; } /* Map DTS-active ports. Should be done before FIFO mvpp2_init */ @@ -7649,12 +7624,12 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) err = mvpp2_init(pdev, priv); if (err < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to initialize controller\n"); - goto err_axi_clk; + return err; } err = mvpp22_tai_probe(&pdev->dev, priv); if (err < 0) - goto err_axi_clk; + return err; /* Initialize ports */ device_for_each_child_node_scoped(&pdev->dev, port_fwnode) { @@ -7665,8 +7640,7 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) if (priv->port_count == 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no ports enabled\n"); - err = -ENODEV; - goto err_axi_clk; + return -ENODEV; } /* Statistics must be gathered regularly because some of them (like @@ -7698,16 +7672,6 @@ static int mvpp2_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) err_port_probe: for (i = 0; i < priv->port_count; i++) mvpp2_port_remove(priv->port_list[i]); -err_axi_clk: - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->axi_clk); -err_mg_core_clk: - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_core_clk); -err_mg_clk: - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_clk); -err_gop_clk: - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->gop_clk); -err_pp_clk: - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->pp_clk); return err; } @@ -7745,12 +7709,6 @@ static void mvpp2_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) if (!dev_of_node(&pdev->dev)) return; - - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->axi_clk); - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_core_clk); - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->mg_clk); - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->pp_clk); - clk_disable_unprepare(priv->gop_clk); } static const struct of_device_id mvpp2_match[] = {
Use devm_clk_get_enabled() and devm_clk_get_optional_enabled() to simplify code. Signed-off-by: Yangtao Li <frank.li@vivo.com> --- drivers/net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2.h | 7 -- .../net/ethernet/marvell/mvpp2/mvpp2_main.c | 86 +++++-------------- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)