Message ID | 20230530160643.2344551-7-suijingfeng@loongson.cn (mailing list archive) |
---|---|
State | New, archived |
Headers | show |
Series | drm/etnaviv: add pci device driver support | expand |
s/usperspace/userspace/ (in subject) On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 12:06:43AM +0800, Sui Jingfeng wrote: > cached system RAM is coherent on loongson CPUs, and the GPU and DC allways > snoop the CPU's cache. write-combine caching property is not suitiable for > us. s/allways/always/ s/suitiable/suitable/
Hi, Thanks a lot, will be fixed at next version. On 2023/5/31 02:58, Bjorn Helgaas wrote: > s/usperspace/userspace/ (in subject) > > On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 12:06:43AM +0800, Sui Jingfeng wrote: >> cached system RAM is coherent on loongson CPUs, and the GPU and DC allways >> snoop the CPU's cache. write-combine caching property is not suitiable for >> us. > s/allways/always/ > s/suitiable/suitable/
Hi Sui Jingfeng, Am Mittwoch, dem 31.05.2023 um 00:06 +0800 schrieb Sui Jingfeng: > cached system RAM is coherent on loongson CPUs, and the GPU and DC allways > snoop the CPU's cache. write-combine caching property is not suitiable for > us. > As previously mentioned in the Mesa MR, I don't think this is the right approach. ETNA_BO_CACHED already looks coherent to userspace, as all accesses are bracketed via the ETNAVIV_GEM_CPU_PREP and ETNAVIV_GEM_CPU_FINI ioctls, which will do the necessary cache maintenance on platforms where device coherence isn't enforced by the hardware, so there is no need for a separate ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT. Instead we just need a new ETNAVIV_PARAM to inform userspace about hardware cache coherence being available for a specific GPU core, in which case the userspace driver should switch to preferring ETNA_BO_CACHED over ETNA_BO_WC. Regards, Lucas > Signed-off-by: Sui Jingfeng <suijingfeng@loongson.cn> > --- > drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c | 2 +- > drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c | 22 +++++++++++++++++++-- > drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c | 9 ++++++++- > include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h | 11 ++++++----- > 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c > index 052f745cecc0..2816c654c023 100644 > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c > @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static int etnaviv_ioctl_gem_new(struct drm_device *dev, void *data, > struct drm_etnaviv_gem_new *args = data; > > if (args->flags & ~(ETNA_BO_CACHED | ETNA_BO_WC | ETNA_BO_UNCACHED | > - ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU)) > + ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT | ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU)) > return -EINVAL; > > return etnaviv_gem_new_handle(dev, file, args->size, > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c > index b5f73502e3dd..d8b559bd33d3 100644 > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c > @@ -343,6 +343,7 @@ void *etnaviv_gem_vmap(struct drm_gem_object *obj) > static void *etnaviv_gem_vmap_impl(struct etnaviv_gem_object *obj) > { > struct page **pages; > + pgprot_t prot; > > lockdep_assert_held(&obj->lock); > > @@ -350,8 +351,20 @@ static void *etnaviv_gem_vmap_impl(struct etnaviv_gem_object *obj) > if (IS_ERR(pages)) > return NULL; > > - return vmap(pages, obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, > - VM_MAP, pgprot_writecombine(PAGE_KERNEL)); > + switch (obj->flags) { > + case ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT: > + case ETNA_BO_CACHED: > + prot = PAGE_KERNEL; > + break; > + case ETNA_BO_UNCACHED: > + prot = pgprot_noncached(PAGE_KERNEL); > + break; > + case ETNA_BO_WC: > + default: > + prot = pgprot_writecombine(PAGE_KERNEL); > + } > + > + return vmap(pages, obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, VM_MAP, prot); > } > > static inline enum dma_data_direction etnaviv_op_to_dma_dir(u32 op) > @@ -545,6 +558,7 @@ static const struct drm_gem_object_funcs etnaviv_gem_object_funcs = { > static int etnaviv_gem_new_impl(struct drm_device *dev, u32 size, u32 flags, > const struct etnaviv_gem_ops *ops, struct drm_gem_object **obj) > { > + struct etnaviv_drm_private *priv = dev->dev_private; > struct etnaviv_gem_object *etnaviv_obj; > unsigned sz = sizeof(*etnaviv_obj); > bool valid = true; > @@ -555,6 +569,10 @@ static int etnaviv_gem_new_impl(struct drm_device *dev, u32 size, u32 flags, > case ETNA_BO_CACHED: > case ETNA_BO_WC: > break; > + case ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT: > + if (priv->has_cached_coherent) > + break; > + fallthrough; > default: > valid = false; > } > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c > index 3524b5811682..671d91d8f1c6 100644 > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c > @@ -112,11 +112,18 @@ static const struct etnaviv_gem_ops etnaviv_gem_prime_ops = { > struct drm_gem_object *etnaviv_gem_prime_import_sg_table(struct drm_device *dev, > struct dma_buf_attachment *attach, struct sg_table *sgt) > { > + struct etnaviv_drm_private *priv = dev->dev_private; > struct etnaviv_gem_object *etnaviv_obj; > size_t size = PAGE_ALIGN(attach->dmabuf->size); > + u32 cache_flags; > int ret, npages; > > - ret = etnaviv_gem_new_private(dev, size, ETNA_BO_WC, > + if (priv->has_cached_coherent) > + cache_flags = ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT; > + else > + cache_flags = ETNA_BO_WC; > + > + ret = etnaviv_gem_new_private(dev, size, cache_flags, > &etnaviv_gem_prime_ops, &etnaviv_obj); > if (ret < 0) > return ERR_PTR(ret); > diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h > index af024d90453d..474b0db286de 100644 > --- a/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h > +++ b/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h > @@ -90,13 +90,14 @@ struct drm_etnaviv_param { > * GEM buffers: > */ > > -#define ETNA_BO_CACHE_MASK 0x000f0000 > +#define ETNA_BO_CACHE_MASK 0x000f0000 > /* cache modes */ > -#define ETNA_BO_CACHED 0x00010000 > -#define ETNA_BO_WC 0x00020000 > -#define ETNA_BO_UNCACHED 0x00040000 > +#define ETNA_BO_CACHED 0x00010000 > +#define ETNA_BO_WC 0x00020000 > +#define ETNA_BO_UNCACHED 0x00040000 > +#define ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT 0x00080000 > /* map flags */ > -#define ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU 0x00100000 > +#define ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU 0x00100000 > > struct drm_etnaviv_gem_new { > __u64 size; /* in */
Hi, On 2023/6/1 01:53, Lucas Stach wrote: > Am Donnerstag, dem 01.06.2023 um 01:29 +0800 schrieb Sui Jingfeng: >> Hi, >> >> On 2023/6/1 00:33, Lucas Stach wrote: >>> Hi Sui Jingfeng, >>> >>> Am Mittwoch, dem 31.05.2023 um 00:06 +0800 schrieb Sui Jingfeng: >>>> cached system RAM is coherent on loongson CPUs, and the GPU and DC allways >>>> snoop the CPU's cache. write-combine caching property is not suitiable for >>>> us. >>>> >>> As previously mentioned in the Mesa MR, I don't think this is the right >>> approach. >>> >>> ETNA_BO_CACHED already looks coherent to userspace, as all accesses are >>> bracketed via the ETNAVIV_GEM_CPU_PREP and ETNAVIV_GEM_CPU_FINI ioctls, >>> which will do the necessary cache maintenance on platforms where device >>> coherence isn't enforced by the hardware, so there is no need for a >>> separate ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT. >> As far as I can see, ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT could probably help to >> bypass the overhead of >> >> dma_sync_sgtable_for_cpu() and dma_sync_sgtable_for_device() brings to us. >> >> >> I have tested long time ago, there no need call this function on our >> platform. >> >> The glmark2 works as before if I comment out thoes two function. >> >> Are you serious, sir? >> > The dma_sync* functions are more or less no-ops when the device is > marked as being coherent. ce > instance, you might need to propagate the coherent property from the > GPU core device to the virtual DRM device, along the lines of how we > propagate other DMA properties from the GPU device to the DRM device in > etnaviv_pdev_probe. > > Other than that things should just work with minimal overhead. >>> Instead we just need a new ETNAVIV_PARAM to inform userspace about >>> hardware cache coherence being available for a specific GPU core, >> Ok, let me think about for a while how to implement this. >> > Simple: add new ETNAVIV_PARAM_GPU_COHERENT to > include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h, return the result from > dev_is_dma_coherent in etnaviv_gpu_get_param(). Okay, agree >> But How about we merge this first, I create another patch to improve it >> >> with a roughly working base first? I'm just asking if the answer is No :-) >> > The answer is a firm no. > > This impacts UAPI, so there is no chance to ever get rid of any wrong > decisions here, as any added UAPI needs to be supported indefinitely. > I'm not signing up for maintaining something I believe is implemented > upside down. > > Please don't take this the wrong way: I'm pretty excited to see etnaviv > used on more architectures and outside of the proven platform device > paths, so I'm happy to assist in working out the design and help you > get things merged in both kernel and Mesa. But I think we are still > quite a few steps away from having things worked out enough to even > think about merging those patchsets. > > Also please allow me to comment on the other patches of the series, so > I can get a better understanding of your platform/integration, before > sending another revision of those patches. I go to sleep yesterday. Okay, this sound fine. > Regards, > Lucas > >>> in >>> which case the userspace driver should switch to preferring >>> ETNA_BO_CACHED over ETNA_BO_WC. >> Yeah, ETNA_BO_CACHED is enough. >> >> ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT is actually a special case of ETNA_BO_CACHED. >> >>> Regards, >>> Lucas >>> >>>> Signed-off-by: Sui Jingfeng <suijingfeng@loongson.cn> >>>> --- >>>> drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c | 2 +- >>>> drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c | 22 +++++++++++++++++++-- >>>> drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c | 9 ++++++++- >>>> include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h | 11 ++++++----- >>>> 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) >>>> >>>> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c >>>> index 052f745cecc0..2816c654c023 100644 >>>> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c >>>> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c >>>> @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static int etnaviv_ioctl_gem_new(struct drm_device *dev, void *data, >>>> struct drm_etnaviv_gem_new *args = data; >>>> >>>> if (args->flags & ~(ETNA_BO_CACHED | ETNA_BO_WC | ETNA_BO_UNCACHED | >>>> - ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU)) >>>> + ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT | ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU)) >>>> return -EINVAL; >>>> >>>> return etnaviv_gem_new_handle(dev, file, args->size, >>>> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c >>>> index b5f73502e3dd..d8b559bd33d3 100644 >>>> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c >>>> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c >>>> @@ -343,6 +343,7 @@ void *etnaviv_gem_vmap(struct drm_gem_object *obj) >>>> static void *etnaviv_gem_vmap_impl(struct etnaviv_gem_object *obj) >>>> { >>>> struct page **pages; >>>> + pgprot_t prot; >>>> >>>> lockdep_assert_held(&obj->lock); >>>> >>>> @@ -350,8 +351,20 @@ static void *etnaviv_gem_vmap_impl(struct etnaviv_gem_object *obj) >>>> if (IS_ERR(pages)) >>>> return NULL; >>>> >>>> - return vmap(pages, obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, >>>> - VM_MAP, pgprot_writecombine(PAGE_KERNEL)); >>>> + switch (obj->flags) { >>>> + case ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT: >>>> + case ETNA_BO_CACHED: >>>> + prot = PAGE_KERNEL; >>>> + break; >>>> + case ETNA_BO_UNCACHED: >>>> + prot = pgprot_noncached(PAGE_KERNEL); >>>> + break; >>>> + case ETNA_BO_WC: >>>> + default: >>>> + prot = pgprot_writecombine(PAGE_KERNEL); >>>> + } >>>> + >>>> + return vmap(pages, obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, VM_MAP, prot); >>>> } >>>> >>>> static inline enum dma_data_direction etnaviv_op_to_dma_dir(u32 op) >>>> @@ -545,6 +558,7 @@ static const struct drm_gem_object_funcs etnaviv_gem_object_funcs = { >>>> static int etnaviv_gem_new_impl(struct drm_device *dev, u32 size, u32 flags, >>>> const struct etnaviv_gem_ops *ops, struct drm_gem_object **obj) >>>> { >>>> + struct etnaviv_drm_private *priv = dev->dev_private; >>>> struct etnaviv_gem_object *etnaviv_obj; >>>> unsigned sz = sizeof(*etnaviv_obj); >>>> bool valid = true; >>>> @@ -555,6 +569,10 @@ static int etnaviv_gem_new_impl(struct drm_device *dev, u32 size, u32 flags, >>>> case ETNA_BO_CACHED: >>>> case ETNA_BO_WC: >>>> break; >>>> + case ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT: >>>> + if (priv->has_cached_coherent) >>>> + break; >>>> + fallthrough; >>>> default: >>>> valid = false; >>>> } >>>> diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c >>>> index 3524b5811682..671d91d8f1c6 100644 >>>> --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c >>>> +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c >>>> @@ -112,11 +112,18 @@ static const struct etnaviv_gem_ops etnaviv_gem_prime_ops = { >>>> struct drm_gem_object *etnaviv_gem_prime_import_sg_table(struct drm_device *dev, >>>> struct dma_buf_attachment *attach, struct sg_table *sgt) >>>> { >>>> + struct etnaviv_drm_private *priv = dev->dev_private; >>>> struct etnaviv_gem_object *etnaviv_obj; >>>> size_t size = PAGE_ALIGN(attach->dmabuf->size); >>>> + u32 cache_flags; >>>> int ret, npages; >>>> >>>> - ret = etnaviv_gem_new_private(dev, size, ETNA_BO_WC, >>>> + if (priv->has_cached_coherent) >>>> + cache_flags = ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT; >>>> + else >>>> + cache_flags = ETNA_BO_WC; >>>> + >>>> + ret = etnaviv_gem_new_private(dev, size, cache_flags, >>>> &etnaviv_gem_prime_ops, &etnaviv_obj); >>>> if (ret < 0) >>>> return ERR_PTR(ret); >>>> diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h >>>> index af024d90453d..474b0db286de 100644 >>>> --- a/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h >>>> +++ b/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h >>>> @@ -90,13 +90,14 @@ struct drm_etnaviv_param { >>>> * GEM buffers: >>>> */ >>>> >>>> -#define ETNA_BO_CACHE_MASK 0x000f0000 >>>> +#define ETNA_BO_CACHE_MASK 0x000f0000 >>>> /* cache modes */ >>>> -#define ETNA_BO_CACHED 0x00010000 >>>> -#define ETNA_BO_WC 0x00020000 >>>> -#define ETNA_BO_UNCACHED 0x00040000 >>>> +#define ETNA_BO_CACHED 0x00010000 >>>> +#define ETNA_BO_WC 0x00020000 >>>> +#define ETNA_BO_UNCACHED 0x00040000 >>>> +#define ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT 0x00080000 >>>> /* map flags */ >>>> -#define ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU 0x00100000 >>>> +#define ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU 0x00100000 >>>> >>>> struct drm_etnaviv_gem_new { >>>> __u64 size; /* in */
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c index 052f745cecc0..2816c654c023 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static int etnaviv_ioctl_gem_new(struct drm_device *dev, void *data, struct drm_etnaviv_gem_new *args = data; if (args->flags & ~(ETNA_BO_CACHED | ETNA_BO_WC | ETNA_BO_UNCACHED | - ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU)) + ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT | ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU)) return -EINVAL; return etnaviv_gem_new_handle(dev, file, args->size, diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c index b5f73502e3dd..d8b559bd33d3 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c @@ -343,6 +343,7 @@ void *etnaviv_gem_vmap(struct drm_gem_object *obj) static void *etnaviv_gem_vmap_impl(struct etnaviv_gem_object *obj) { struct page **pages; + pgprot_t prot; lockdep_assert_held(&obj->lock); @@ -350,8 +351,20 @@ static void *etnaviv_gem_vmap_impl(struct etnaviv_gem_object *obj) if (IS_ERR(pages)) return NULL; - return vmap(pages, obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, - VM_MAP, pgprot_writecombine(PAGE_KERNEL)); + switch (obj->flags) { + case ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT: + case ETNA_BO_CACHED: + prot = PAGE_KERNEL; + break; + case ETNA_BO_UNCACHED: + prot = pgprot_noncached(PAGE_KERNEL); + break; + case ETNA_BO_WC: + default: + prot = pgprot_writecombine(PAGE_KERNEL); + } + + return vmap(pages, obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, VM_MAP, prot); } static inline enum dma_data_direction etnaviv_op_to_dma_dir(u32 op) @@ -545,6 +558,7 @@ static const struct drm_gem_object_funcs etnaviv_gem_object_funcs = { static int etnaviv_gem_new_impl(struct drm_device *dev, u32 size, u32 flags, const struct etnaviv_gem_ops *ops, struct drm_gem_object **obj) { + struct etnaviv_drm_private *priv = dev->dev_private; struct etnaviv_gem_object *etnaviv_obj; unsigned sz = sizeof(*etnaviv_obj); bool valid = true; @@ -555,6 +569,10 @@ static int etnaviv_gem_new_impl(struct drm_device *dev, u32 size, u32 flags, case ETNA_BO_CACHED: case ETNA_BO_WC: break; + case ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT: + if (priv->has_cached_coherent) + break; + fallthrough; default: valid = false; } diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c index 3524b5811682..671d91d8f1c6 100644 --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c @@ -112,11 +112,18 @@ static const struct etnaviv_gem_ops etnaviv_gem_prime_ops = { struct drm_gem_object *etnaviv_gem_prime_import_sg_table(struct drm_device *dev, struct dma_buf_attachment *attach, struct sg_table *sgt) { + struct etnaviv_drm_private *priv = dev->dev_private; struct etnaviv_gem_object *etnaviv_obj; size_t size = PAGE_ALIGN(attach->dmabuf->size); + u32 cache_flags; int ret, npages; - ret = etnaviv_gem_new_private(dev, size, ETNA_BO_WC, + if (priv->has_cached_coherent) + cache_flags = ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT; + else + cache_flags = ETNA_BO_WC; + + ret = etnaviv_gem_new_private(dev, size, cache_flags, &etnaviv_gem_prime_ops, &etnaviv_obj); if (ret < 0) return ERR_PTR(ret); diff --git a/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h b/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h index af024d90453d..474b0db286de 100644 --- a/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h +++ b/include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h @@ -90,13 +90,14 @@ struct drm_etnaviv_param { * GEM buffers: */ -#define ETNA_BO_CACHE_MASK 0x000f0000 +#define ETNA_BO_CACHE_MASK 0x000f0000 /* cache modes */ -#define ETNA_BO_CACHED 0x00010000 -#define ETNA_BO_WC 0x00020000 -#define ETNA_BO_UNCACHED 0x00040000 +#define ETNA_BO_CACHED 0x00010000 +#define ETNA_BO_WC 0x00020000 +#define ETNA_BO_UNCACHED 0x00040000 +#define ETNA_BO_CACHED_COHERENT 0x00080000 /* map flags */ -#define ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU 0x00100000 +#define ETNA_BO_FORCE_MMU 0x00100000 struct drm_etnaviv_gem_new { __u64 size; /* in */
cached system RAM is coherent on loongson CPUs, and the GPU and DC allways snoop the CPU's cache. write-combine caching property is not suitiable for us. Signed-off-by: Sui Jingfeng <suijingfeng@loongson.cn> --- drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_drv.c | 2 +- drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem.c | 22 +++++++++++++++++++-- drivers/gpu/drm/etnaviv/etnaviv_gem_prime.c | 9 ++++++++- include/uapi/drm/etnaviv_drm.h | 11 ++++++----- 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)