diff mbox

[09/12] ring: introduce lockless ring buffer

Message ID 20180629160249-mutt-send-email-mst@kernel.org (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show

Commit Message

Michael S. Tsirkin June 29, 2018, 1:08 p.m. UTC
On Fri, Jun 29, 2018 at 03:30:44PM +0800, Xiao Guangrong wrote:
> 
> Hi Michael,
> 
> On 06/20/2018 08:38 PM, Michael S. Tsirkin wrote:
> > On Mon, Jun 04, 2018 at 05:55:17PM +0800, guangrong.xiao@gmail.com wrote:
> > > From: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@tencent.com>
> 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > (1) https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/linux/kfifo.h
> > > (2) http://dpdk.org/doc/api/rte__ring_8h.html
> > > 
> > > Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@tencent.com>
> > 
> > So instead of all this super-optimized trickiness, how about
> > a simple port of ptr_ring from linux?
> > 
> > That one isn't lockless but it's known to outperform
> > most others for a single producer/single consumer case.
> > And with a ton of networking going on,
> > who said it's such a hot spot? OTOH this implementation
> > has more barriers which slows down each individual thread.
> > It's also a source of bugs.
> > 
> 
> Thank you for pointing it out.
> 
> I just quickly went through the code of ptr_ring that is very nice and
> really impressive. I will consider to port it to QEMU.

The port is pretty trivial. See below. It's a SPSC structure though.  So
you need to use it with lock.  Given the critical section is small, I
put in QmueSpin, not a mutex.  To reduce cost of locks, it helps if you
can use the batches API to consume. I assume producers can't batch
but if they can, we should add an API for that, will help too.


---

qemu/ptr_ring.h: straight port from Linux 4.17

Port done by author.

Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>

Comments

Xiao Guangrong July 3, 2018, 7:31 a.m. UTC | #1
On 06/29/2018 09:08 PM, Michael S. Tsirkin wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 29, 2018 at 03:30:44PM +0800, Xiao Guangrong wrote:
>>
>> Hi Michael,
>>
>> On 06/20/2018 08:38 PM, Michael S. Tsirkin wrote:
>>> On Mon, Jun 04, 2018 at 05:55:17PM +0800, guangrong.xiao@gmail.com wrote:
>>>> From: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@tencent.com>
>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> (1) https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/include/linux/kfifo.h
>>>> (2) http://dpdk.org/doc/api/rte__ring_8h.html
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@tencent.com>
>>>
>>> So instead of all this super-optimized trickiness, how about
>>> a simple port of ptr_ring from linux?
>>>
>>> That one isn't lockless but it's known to outperform
>>> most others for a single producer/single consumer case.
>>> And with a ton of networking going on,
>>> who said it's such a hot spot? OTOH this implementation
>>> has more barriers which slows down each individual thread.
>>> It's also a source of bugs.
>>>
>>
>> Thank you for pointing it out.
>>
>> I just quickly went through the code of ptr_ring that is very nice and
>> really impressive. I will consider to port it to QEMU.
> 
> The port is pretty trivial. See below. It's a SPSC structure though.  So
> you need to use it with lock.  Given the critical section is small, I

Why put these locks into this common struct? For our case, each thread
has its own ring which is SCSP, no lock is needed at all. Atomic operations
still slow things down, see [PATCH 07/12] migration: hold the lock only if
it is really needed. I'd move the inner locks to the user instead.
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/include/qemu/ptr_ring.h b/include/qemu/ptr_ring.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7446678de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/qemu/ptr_ring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@ 
+/*
+ *	Definitions for the 'struct ptr_ring' datastructure.
+ *
+ *	Author:
+ *		Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
+ *
+ *	Copyright (C) 2016 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ *	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ *	under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
+ *	Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
+ *	option) any later version.
+ *
+ *	This is a limited-size FIFO maintaining pointers in FIFO order, with
+ *	one CPU producing entries and another consuming entries from a FIFO.
+ *
+ *	This implementation tries to minimize cache-contention when there is a
+ *	single producer and a single consumer CPU.
+ */
+
+#ifndef QEMU_PTR_RING_H
+#define QEMU_PTR_RING_H 1
+
+#include "qemu/thread.h"
+
+#define PTR_RING_CACHE_BYTES 64
+#define PTR_RING_CACHE_ALIGNED __attribute__((__aligned__(PTR_RING_CACHE_BYTES)))
+#define PTR_RING_WRITE_ONCE(p, v) (*(volatile typeof(&(p)))(&(p)) = (v))
+#define PTR_RING_READ_ONCE(p) (*(volatile typeof(&(p)))(&(p)))
+
+struct ptr_ring {
+	int producer PTR_RING_CACHE_ALIGNED;
+	QemuSpin producer_lock;
+	int consumer_head PTR_RING_CACHE_ALIGNED; /* next valid entry */
+	int consumer_tail; /* next entry to invalidate */
+	QemuSpin consumer_lock;
+	/* Shared consumer/producer data */
+	/* Read-only by both the producer and the consumer */
+	int size PTR_RING_CACHE_ALIGNED; /* max entries in queue */
+	int batch; /* number of entries to consume in a batch */
+	void **queue;
+};
+
+/* Note: callers invoking this in a loop must use a compiler barrier,
+ * for example cpu_relax().
+ *
+ * NB: this is unlike __ptr_ring_empty in that callers must hold producer_lock:
+ * see e.g. ptr_ring_full.
+ */
+static inline bool __ptr_ring_full(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	return r->queue[r->producer];
+}
+
+static inline bool ptr_ring_full(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	bool ret;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->producer_lock);
+	ret = __ptr_ring_full(r);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->producer_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Note: callers invoking this in a loop must use a compiler barrier,
+ * for example cpu_relax(). Callers must hold producer_lock.
+ * Callers are responsible for making sure pointer that is being queued
+ * points to a valid data.
+ */
+static inline int __ptr_ring_produce(struct ptr_ring *r, void *ptr)
+{
+	if (unlikely(!r->size) || r->queue[r->producer])
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	/* Make sure the pointer we are storing points to a valid data. */
+	/* Pairs with smp_read_barrier_depends in __ptr_ring_consume. */
+	smp_wmb();
+
+	PTR_RING_WRITE_ONCE(r->queue[r->producer++], ptr);
+	if (unlikely(r->producer >= r->size))
+		r->producer = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: resize (below) nests producer lock within consumer lock, so if you
+ * consume in interrupt or BH context, you must disable interrupts/BH when
+ * calling this.
+ */
+static inline int ptr_ring_produce(struct ptr_ring *r, void *ptr)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->producer_lock);
+	ret = __ptr_ring_produce(r, ptr);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->producer_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void *__ptr_ring_peek(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	if (likely(r->size))
+		return PTR_RING_READ_ONCE(r->queue[r->consumer_head]);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test ring empty status without taking any locks.
+ *
+ * NB: This is only safe to call if ring is never resized.
+ *
+ * However, if some other CPU consumes ring entries at the same time, the value
+ * returned is not guaranteed to be correct.
+ *
+ * In this case - to avoid incorrectly detecting the ring
+ * as empty - the CPU consuming the ring entries is responsible
+ * for either consuming all ring entries until the ring is empty,
+ * or synchronizing with some other CPU and causing it to
+ * re-test __ptr_ring_empty and/or consume the ring enteries
+ * after the synchronization point.
+ *
+ * Note: callers invoking this in a loop must use a compiler barrier,
+ * for example cpu_relax().
+ */
+static inline bool __ptr_ring_empty(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	if (likely(r->size))
+		return !r->queue[PTR_RING_READ_ONCE(r->consumer_head)];
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool ptr_ring_empty(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	bool ret;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->consumer_lock);
+	ret = __ptr_ring_empty(r);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->consumer_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Must only be called after __ptr_ring_peek returned !NULL */
+static inline void __ptr_ring_discard_one(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	/* Fundamentally, what we want to do is update consumer
+	 * index and zero out the entry so producer can reuse it.
+	 * Doing it naively at each consume would be as simple as:
+	 *       consumer = r->consumer;
+	 *       r->queue[consumer++] = NULL;
+	 *       if (unlikely(consumer >= r->size))
+	 *               consumer = 0;
+	 *       r->consumer = consumer;
+	 * but that is suboptimal when the ring is full as producer is writing
+	 * out new entries in the same cache line.  Defer these updates until a
+	 * batch of entries has been consumed.
+	 */
+	/* Note: we must keep consumer_head valid at all times for __ptr_ring_empty
+	 * to work correctly.
+	 */
+	int consumer_head = r->consumer_head;
+	int head = consumer_head++;
+
+	/* Once we have processed enough entries invalidate them in
+	 * the ring all at once so producer can reuse their space in the ring.
+	 * We also do this when we reach end of the ring - not mandatory
+	 * but helps keep the implementation simple.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(consumer_head - r->consumer_tail >= r->batch ||
+		     consumer_head >= r->size)) {
+		/* Zero out entries in the reverse order: this way we touch the
+		 * cache line that producer might currently be reading the last;
+		 * producer won't make progress and touch other cache lines
+		 * besides the first one until we write out all entries.
+		 */
+		while (likely(head >= r->consumer_tail))
+			r->queue[head--] = NULL;
+		r->consumer_tail = consumer_head;
+	}
+	if (unlikely(consumer_head >= r->size)) {
+		consumer_head = 0;
+		r->consumer_tail = 0;
+	}
+	/* matching READ_ONCE in __ptr_ring_empty for lockless tests */
+	PTR_RING_WRITE_ONCE(r->consumer_head, consumer_head);
+}
+
+static inline void *__ptr_ring_consume(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+
+	/* The READ_ONCE in __ptr_ring_peek guarantees that anyone
+	 * accessing data through the pointer is up to date. Pairs
+	 * with smp_wmb in __ptr_ring_produce.
+	 */
+	ptr = __ptr_ring_peek(r);
+	if (ptr)
+		__ptr_ring_discard_one(r);
+
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+static inline int __ptr_ring_consume_batched(struct ptr_ring *r,
+					     void **array, int n)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		ptr = __ptr_ring_consume(r);
+		if (!ptr)
+			break;
+		array[i] = ptr;
+	}
+
+	return i;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: resize (below) nests producer lock within consumer lock, so if you
+ * call this in interrupt or BH context, you must disable interrupts/BH when
+ * producing.
+ */
+static inline void *ptr_ring_consume(struct ptr_ring *r)
+{
+	void *ptr;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->consumer_lock);
+	ptr = __ptr_ring_consume(r);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->consumer_lock);
+
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+static inline int ptr_ring_consume_batched(struct ptr_ring *r,
+					   void **array, int n)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->consumer_lock);
+	ret = __ptr_ring_consume_batched(r, array, n);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->consumer_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Cast to structure type and call a function without discarding from FIFO.
+ * Function must return a value.
+ * Callers must take consumer_lock.
+ */
+#define __PTR_RING_PEEK_CALL(r, f) ((f)(__ptr_ring_peek(r)))
+
+#define PTR_RING_PEEK_CALL(r, f) ({ \
+	typeof((f)(NULL)) __PTR_RING_PEEK_CALL_v; \
+	\
+	qemu_spin_lock(&(r)->consumer_lock); \
+	__PTR_RING_PEEK_CALL_v = __PTR_RING_PEEK_CALL(r, f); \
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&(r)->consumer_lock); \
+	__PTR_RING_PEEK_CALL_v; \
+})
+
+static inline void **__ptr_ring_init_queue_alloc(unsigned int size)
+{
+	return g_try_new(void *, size);
+}
+
+static inline void __ptr_ring_set_size(struct ptr_ring *r, int size)
+{
+	r->size = size;
+	r->batch = PTR_RING_CACHE_BYTES * 2 / sizeof(*(r->queue));
+	/* We need to set batch at least to 1 to make logic
+	 * in __ptr_ring_discard_one work correctly.
+	 * Batching too much (because ring is small) would cause a lot of
+	 * burstiness. Needs tuning, for now disable batching.
+	 */
+	if (r->batch > r->size / 2 || !r->batch)
+		r->batch = 1;
+}
+
+static inline int ptr_ring_init(struct ptr_ring *r, int size)
+{
+	r->queue = __ptr_ring_init_queue_alloc(size);
+	if (!r->queue)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	__ptr_ring_set_size(r, size);
+	r->producer = r->consumer_head = r->consumer_tail = 0;
+	qemu_spin_init(&r->producer_lock);
+	qemu_spin_init(&r->consumer_lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return entries into ring. Destroy entries that don't fit.
+ *
+ * Note: this is expected to be a rare slow path operation.
+ *
+ * Note: producer lock is nested within consumer lock, so if you
+ * resize you must make sure all uses nest correctly.
+ * In particular if you consume ring in interrupt or BH context, you must
+ * disable interrupts/BH when doing so.
+ */
+static inline void ptr_ring_unconsume(struct ptr_ring *r, void **batch, int n,
+				      void (*destroy)(void *))
+{
+	int head;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->consumer_lock);
+	qemu_spin_lock(&r->producer_lock);
+
+	if (!r->size)
+		goto done;
+
+	/*
+	 * Clean out buffered entries (for simplicity). This way following code
+	 * can test entries for NULL and if not assume they are valid.
+	 */
+	head = r->consumer_head - 1;
+	while (likely(head >= r->consumer_tail))
+		r->queue[head--] = NULL;
+	r->consumer_tail = r->consumer_head;
+
+	/*
+	 * Go over entries in batch, start moving head back and copy entries.
+	 * Stop when we run into previously unconsumed entries.
+	 */
+	while (n) {
+		head = r->consumer_head - 1;
+		if (head < 0)
+			head = r->size - 1;
+		if (r->queue[head]) {
+			/* This batch entry will have to be destroyed. */
+			goto done;
+		}
+		r->queue[head] = batch[--n];
+		r->consumer_tail = head;
+		/* matching READ_ONCE in __ptr_ring_empty for lockless tests */
+		PTR_RING_WRITE_ONCE(r->consumer_head, head);
+	}
+
+done:
+	/* Destroy all entries left in the batch. */
+	while (n)
+		destroy(batch[--n]);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->producer_lock);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&r->consumer_lock);
+}
+
+static inline void **__ptr_ring_swap_queue(struct ptr_ring *r, void **queue,
+						    int size,
+						    void (*destroy)(void *))
+{
+	int producer = 0;
+	void **old;
+	void *ptr;
+
+	while ((ptr = __ptr_ring_consume(r)))
+		if (producer < size)
+			queue[producer++] = ptr;
+		else if (destroy)
+			destroy(ptr);
+
+	__ptr_ring_set_size(r, size);
+	r->producer = producer;
+	r->consumer_head = 0;
+	r->consumer_tail = 0;
+	old = r->queue;
+	r->queue = queue;
+
+	return old;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: producer lock is nested within consumer lock, so if you
+ * resize you must make sure all uses nest correctly.
+ * In particular if you consume ring in interrupt or BH context, you must
+ * disable interrupts/BH when doing so.
+ */
+static inline int ptr_ring_resize(struct ptr_ring *r, int size,
+				  void (*destroy)(void *))
+{
+	void **queue = __ptr_ring_init_queue_alloc(size);
+	void **old;
+
+	if (!queue)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	qemu_spin_lock(&(r)->consumer_lock);
+	qemu_spin_lock(&(r)->producer_lock);
+
+	old = __ptr_ring_swap_queue(r, queue, size, destroy);
+
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&(r)->producer_lock);
+	qemu_spin_unlock(&(r)->consumer_lock);
+
+	g_free(old);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: producer lock is nested within consumer lock, so if you
+ * resize you must make sure all uses nest correctly.
+ * In particular if you consume ring in interrupt or BH context, you must
+ * disable interrupts/BH when doing so.
+ */
+static inline int ptr_ring_resize_multiple(struct ptr_ring **rings,
+					   unsigned int nrings,
+					   int size,
+					   void (*destroy)(void *))
+{
+	void ***queues;
+	int i;
+
+	queues = g_try_new(void **, nrings);
+	if (!queues)
+		goto noqueues;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nrings; ++i) {
+		queues[i] = __ptr_ring_init_queue_alloc(size);
+		if (!queues[i])
+			goto nomem;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nrings; ++i) {
+		qemu_spin_lock(&(rings[i])->consumer_lock);
+		qemu_spin_lock(&(rings[i])->producer_lock);
+		queues[i] = __ptr_ring_swap_queue(rings[i], queues[i],
+						  size, destroy);
+		qemu_spin_unlock(&(rings[i])->producer_lock);
+		qemu_spin_unlock(&(rings[i])->consumer_lock);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nrings; ++i)
+		g_free(queues[i]);
+
+	g_free(queues);
+
+	return 0;
+
+nomem:
+	while (--i >= 0)
+		g_free(queues[i]);
+
+	g_free(queues);
+
+noqueues:
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static inline void ptr_ring_cleanup(struct ptr_ring *r, void (*destroy)(void *))
+{
+	void *ptr;
+
+	if (destroy)
+		while ((ptr = ptr_ring_consume(r)))
+			destroy(ptr);
+	g_free(r->queue);
+}
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_PTR_RING_H  */