diff mbox

[13/16] drivers: misc: add ARM CCI support

Message ID 1357777251-13541-14-git-send-email-nicolas.pitre@linaro.org (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show

Commit Message

Nicolas Pitre Jan. 10, 2013, 12:20 a.m. UTC
From: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>

On ARM multi-cluster systems coherency between cores running on
different clusters is managed by the cache-coherent interconnect (CCI).
It allows broadcasting of TLB invalidates and memory barriers and it
guarantees cache coherency at system level.

This patch enables the basic infrastructure required in Linux to
handle and programme the CCI component. The first implementation is
based on a platform device, its relative DT compatible property and
a simple programming interface.

Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
---
 drivers/misc/Kconfig    |   3 ++
 drivers/misc/Makefile   |   1 +
 drivers/misc/arm-cci.c  | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/arm-cci.h |  30 ++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 141 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
 create mode 100644 include/linux/arm-cci.h

Comments

Santosh Shilimkar Jan. 11, 2013, 6:20 p.m. UTC | #1
On Thursday 10 January 2013 05:50 AM, Nicolas Pitre wrote:
> From: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
>
> On ARM multi-cluster systems coherency between cores running on
> different clusters is managed by the cache-coherent interconnect (CCI).
> It allows broadcasting of TLB invalidates and memory barriers and it
> guarantees cache coherency at system level.
>
> This patch enables the basic infrastructure required in Linux to
> handle and programme the CCI component. The first implementation is
> based on a platform device, its relative DT compatible property and
> a simple programming interface.
>
> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
> ---
>   drivers/misc/Kconfig    |   3 ++
>   drivers/misc/Makefile   |   1 +
>   drivers/misc/arm-cci.c  | 107 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   include/linux/arm-cci.h |  30 ++++++++++++++
How about 'drivers/bus/' considering CCI is an interconnect bus (though
for coherency)

>   4 files changed, 141 insertions(+)
>   create mode 100644 drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
>   create mode 100644 include/linux/arm-cci.h
>
> diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> index b151b7c1bd..30d5be1ad2 100644
> --- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ config USB_SWITCH_FSA9480
>   	  stereo and mono audio, video, microphone and UART data to use
>   	  a common connector port.
>
> +config ARM_CCI
You might want add depends on ARM big.LITTTLE otherwise it will
break build for other arch's with random configurations.

[..]

> diff --git a/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..f329c43099
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
> +/*
> + * CCI support
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
> + * Author: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
> + *
> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> + *
> + * This program is distributed "as is" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any
> + * kind, whether express or implied; without even the implied warranty
> + * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/device.h>
> +#include <linux/io.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/arm-cci.h>
> +
> +#define CCI400_EAG_OFFSET       0x4000
> +#define CCI400_KF_OFFSET        0x5000
> +
> +#define DRIVER_NAME	"CCI"
> +struct cci_drvdata {
> +	void __iomem *baseaddr;
> +	spinlock_t lock;
> +};
> +
> +static struct cci_drvdata *info;
> +
> +void disable_cci(int cluster)
> +{
> +	u32 cci_reg = cluster ? CCI400_KF_OFFSET : CCI400_EAG_OFFSET;
> +	writel_relaxed(0x0, info->baseaddr	+ cci_reg);
> +
> +	while (readl_relaxed(info->baseaddr + 0xc) & 0x1)
> +			;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disable_cci);
> +
Is more functionality going to be added for CCI driver. Having this
much of driver code for just a disable_cci() functions seems like
overkill.

Regards
Santosh
Nicolas Pitre Jan. 11, 2013, 7:22 p.m. UTC | #2
On Fri, 11 Jan 2013, Santosh Shilimkar wrote:

> On Thursday 10 January 2013 05:50 AM, Nicolas Pitre wrote:
> > From: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
> > 
> > On ARM multi-cluster systems coherency between cores running on
> > different clusters is managed by the cache-coherent interconnect (CCI).
> > It allows broadcasting of TLB invalidates and memory barriers and it
> > guarantees cache coherency at system level.
> > 
> > This patch enables the basic infrastructure required in Linux to
> > handle and programme the CCI component. The first implementation is
> > based on a platform device, its relative DT compatible property and
> > a simple programming interface.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
> > ---
> >   drivers/misc/Kconfig    |   3 ++
> >   drivers/misc/Makefile   |   1 +
> >   drivers/misc/arm-cci.c  | 107
> > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >   include/linux/arm-cci.h |  30 ++++++++++++++
> How about 'drivers/bus/' considering CCI is an interconnect bus (though
> for coherency)

Yes, I like that better.

> >   4 files changed, 141 insertions(+)
> >   create mode 100644 drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> >   create mode 100644 include/linux/arm-cci.h
> > 
> > diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> > index b151b7c1bd..30d5be1ad2 100644
> > --- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> > +++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> > @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ config USB_SWITCH_FSA9480
> >   	  stereo and mono audio, video, microphone and UART data to use
> >   	  a common connector port.
> > 
> > +config ARM_CCI
> You might want add depends on ARM big.LITTTLE otherwise it will
> break build for other arch's with random configurations.

As far as this patch goes, this is buildable on other architectures too.  
The next patch changes that though.

> [..]
> 
> > diff --git a/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000000..f329c43099
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> > @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
> > +/*
> > + * CCI support
> > + *
> > + * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
> > + * Author: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
> > + *
> > + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> > + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> > + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> > + *
> > + * This program is distributed "as is" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any
> > + * kind, whether express or implied; without even the implied warranty
> > + * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> > + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> > + */
> > +
> > +#include <linux/device.h>
> > +#include <linux/io.h>
> > +#include <linux/module.h>
> > +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> > +#include <linux/slab.h>
> > +#include <linux/arm-cci.h>
> > +
> > +#define CCI400_EAG_OFFSET       0x4000
> > +#define CCI400_KF_OFFSET        0x5000
> > +
> > +#define DRIVER_NAME	"CCI"
> > +struct cci_drvdata {
> > +	void __iomem *baseaddr;
> > +	spinlock_t lock;
> > +};
> > +
> > +static struct cci_drvdata *info;
> > +
> > +void disable_cci(int cluster)
> > +{
> > +	u32 cci_reg = cluster ? CCI400_KF_OFFSET : CCI400_EAG_OFFSET;
> > +	writel_relaxed(0x0, info->baseaddr	+ cci_reg);
> > +
> > +	while (readl_relaxed(info->baseaddr + 0xc) & 0x1)
> > +			;
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disable_cci);
> > +
> Is more functionality going to be added for CCI driver. Having this
> much of driver code for just a disable_cci() functions seems like
> overkill.

Yes.  More code will appear here to provide pmu functionalities, etc.


Nicolas
Santosh Shilimkar Jan. 12, 2013, 6:53 a.m. UTC | #3
On Saturday 12 January 2013 12:52 AM, Nicolas Pitre wrote:
> On Fri, 11 Jan 2013, Santosh Shilimkar wrote:
>
>> On Thursday 10 January 2013 05:50 AM, Nicolas Pitre wrote:
>>> From: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
>>>
>>> On ARM multi-cluster systems coherency between cores running on
>>> different clusters is managed by the cache-coherent interconnect (CCI).
>>> It allows broadcasting of TLB invalidates and memory barriers and it
>>> guarantees cache coherency at system level.
>>>
>>> This patch enables the basic infrastructure required in Linux to
>>> handle and programme the CCI component. The first implementation is
>>> based on a platform device, its relative DT compatible property and
>>> a simple programming interface.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
>>> ---
>>>    drivers/misc/Kconfig    |   3 ++
>>>    drivers/misc/Makefile   |   1 +
>>>    drivers/misc/arm-cci.c  | 107
>>> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>>    include/linux/arm-cci.h |  30 ++++++++++++++
>> How about 'drivers/bus/' considering CCI is an interconnect bus (though
>> for coherency)
>
> Yes, I like that better.
>
Great.

>>>    4 files changed, 141 insertions(+)
>>>    create mode 100644 drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
>>>    create mode 100644 include/linux/arm-cci.h
>>>
>>> diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
>>> index b151b7c1bd..30d5be1ad2 100644
>>> --- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
>>> +++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
>>> @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ config USB_SWITCH_FSA9480
>>>    	  stereo and mono audio, video, microphone and UART data to use
>>>    	  a common connector port.
>>>
>>> +config ARM_CCI
>> You might want add depends on ARM big.LITTTLE otherwise it will
>> break build for other arch's with random configurations.
>
> As far as this patch goes, this is buildable on other architectures too.
> The next patch changes that though.
>
Thanks.

>> [..]
>>
>>> diff --git a/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
>>> new file mode 100644
>>> index 0000000000..f329c43099
>>> --- /dev/null
>>> +++ b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
>>> @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
>>> +/*
>>> + * CCI support
>>> + *
>>> + * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
>>> + * Author: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
>>> + *
>>> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
>>> + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
>>> + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
>>> + *
>>> + * This program is distributed "as is" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any
>>> + * kind, whether express or implied; without even the implied warranty
>>> + * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
>>> + * GNU General Public License for more details.
>>> + */
>>> +
>>> +#include <linux/device.h>
>>> +#include <linux/io.h>
>>> +#include <linux/module.h>
>>> +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
>>> +#include <linux/slab.h>
>>> +#include <linux/arm-cci.h>
>>> +
>>> +#define CCI400_EAG_OFFSET       0x4000
>>> +#define CCI400_KF_OFFSET        0x5000
>>> +
>>> +#define DRIVER_NAME	"CCI"
>>> +struct cci_drvdata {
>>> +	void __iomem *baseaddr;
>>> +	spinlock_t lock;
>>> +};
>>> +
>>> +static struct cci_drvdata *info;
>>> +
>>> +void disable_cci(int cluster)
>>> +{
>>> +	u32 cci_reg = cluster ? CCI400_KF_OFFSET : CCI400_EAG_OFFSET;
>>> +	writel_relaxed(0x0, info->baseaddr	+ cci_reg);
>>> +
>>> +	while (readl_relaxed(info->baseaddr + 0xc) & 0x1)
>>> +			;
>>> +}
>>> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disable_cci);
>>> +
>> Is more functionality going to be added for CCI driver. Having this
>> much of driver code for just a disable_cci() functions seems like
>> overkill.
>
> Yes.  More code will appear here to provide pmu functionalities, etc.
>
Good to know.

Regards,
Santosh
tip-bot for Dave Martin Jan. 15, 2013, 6:34 p.m. UTC | #4
On Fri, Jan 11, 2013 at 02:22:10PM -0500, Nicolas Pitre wrote:
> On Fri, 11 Jan 2013, Santosh Shilimkar wrote:
> 
> > On Thursday 10 January 2013 05:50 AM, Nicolas Pitre wrote:
> > > From: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
> > > 
> > > On ARM multi-cluster systems coherency between cores running on
> > > different clusters is managed by the cache-coherent interconnect (CCI).
> > > It allows broadcasting of TLB invalidates and memory barriers and it
> > > guarantees cache coherency at system level.
> > > 
> > > This patch enables the basic infrastructure required in Linux to
> > > handle and programme the CCI component. The first implementation is
> > > based on a platform device, its relative DT compatible property and
> > > a simple programming interface.
> > > 
> > > Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
> > > ---
> > >   drivers/misc/Kconfig    |   3 ++
> > >   drivers/misc/Makefile   |   1 +
> > >   drivers/misc/arm-cci.c  | 107
> > > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > >   include/linux/arm-cci.h |  30 ++++++++++++++
> > How about 'drivers/bus/' considering CCI is an interconnect bus (though
> > for coherency)
> 
> Yes, I like that better.
> 
> > >   4 files changed, 141 insertions(+)
> > >   create mode 100644 drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> > >   create mode 100644 include/linux/arm-cci.h
> > > 
> > > diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> > > index b151b7c1bd..30d5be1ad2 100644
> > > --- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> > > +++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
> > > @@ -499,6 +499,9 @@ config USB_SWITCH_FSA9480
> > >   	  stereo and mono audio, video, microphone and UART data to use
> > >   	  a common connector port.
> > > 
> > > +config ARM_CCI
> > You might want add depends on ARM big.LITTTLE otherwise it will
> > break build for other arch's with random configurations.
> 
> As far as this patch goes, this is buildable on other architectures too.  
> The next patch changes that though.
> 
> > [..]
> > 
> > > diff --git a/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 0000000000..f329c43099
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
> > > +/*
> > > + * CCI support
> > > + *
> > > + * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
> > > + * Author: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
> > > + *
> > > + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
> > > + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
> > > + * published by the Free Software Foundation.
> > > + *
> > > + * This program is distributed "as is" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any
> > > + * kind, whether express or implied; without even the implied warranty
> > > + * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
> > > + * GNU General Public License for more details.
> > > + */
> > > +
> > > +#include <linux/device.h>
> > > +#include <linux/io.h>
> > > +#include <linux/module.h>
> > > +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> > > +#include <linux/slab.h>
> > > +#include <linux/arm-cci.h>
> > > +
> > > +#define CCI400_EAG_OFFSET       0x4000
> > > +#define CCI400_KF_OFFSET        0x5000
> > > +
> > > +#define DRIVER_NAME	"CCI"
> > > +struct cci_drvdata {
> > > +	void __iomem *baseaddr;
> > > +	spinlock_t lock;
> > > +};
> > > +
> > > +static struct cci_drvdata *info;
> > > +
> > > +void disable_cci(int cluster)
> > > +{
> > > +	u32 cci_reg = cluster ? CCI400_KF_OFFSET : CCI400_EAG_OFFSET;
> > > +	writel_relaxed(0x0, info->baseaddr	+ cci_reg);
> > > +
> > > +	while (readl_relaxed(info->baseaddr + 0xc) & 0x1)
> > > +			;
> > > +}
> > > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disable_cci);
> > > +
> > Is more functionality going to be added for CCI driver. Having this
> > much of driver code for just a disable_cci() functions seems like
> > overkill.
> 
> Yes.  More code will appear here to provide pmu functionalities, etc.

There's also a load of QoS configuration and other stuff which we could
control, in principle.  Normally the optimum settings are a property of
the hardware, so maybe we would always just rely on the firmware to
set up a sensible configuration.

Cheers
---Dave
diff mbox

Patch

diff --git a/drivers/misc/Kconfig b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
index b151b7c1bd..30d5be1ad2 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/misc/Kconfig
@@ -499,6 +499,9 @@  config USB_SWITCH_FSA9480
 	  stereo and mono audio, video, microphone and UART data to use
 	  a common connector port.
 
+config ARM_CCI
+       bool "ARM CCI driver support"
+
 source "drivers/misc/c2port/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/misc/eeprom/Kconfig"
 source "drivers/misc/cb710/Kconfig"
diff --git a/drivers/misc/Makefile b/drivers/misc/Makefile
index 2129377c0d..d052d109f9 100644
--- a/drivers/misc/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/misc/Makefile
@@ -49,3 +49,4 @@  obj-y				+= carma/
 obj-$(CONFIG_USB_SWITCH_FSA9480) += fsa9480.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ALTERA_STAPL)	+=altera-stapl/
 obj-$(CONFIG_INTEL_MEI)		+= mei/
+obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_CCI)		+= arm-cci.o
diff --git a/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f329c43099
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/misc/arm-cci.c
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ 
+/*
+ * CCI support
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ * Author: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed "as is" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any
+ * kind, whether express or implied; without even the implied warranty
+ * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/arm-cci.h>
+
+#define CCI400_EAG_OFFSET       0x4000
+#define CCI400_KF_OFFSET        0x5000
+
+#define DRIVER_NAME	"CCI"
+struct cci_drvdata {
+	void __iomem *baseaddr;
+	spinlock_t lock;
+};
+
+static struct cci_drvdata *info;
+
+void disable_cci(int cluster)
+{
+	u32 cci_reg = cluster ? CCI400_KF_OFFSET : CCI400_EAG_OFFSET;
+	writel_relaxed(0x0, info->baseaddr	+ cci_reg);
+
+	while (readl_relaxed(info->baseaddr + 0xc) & 0x1)
+			;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disable_cci);
+
+static int __devinit cci_driver_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct resource *res;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	info = kzalloc(sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!info) {
+		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "unable to allocate mem\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
+	if (!res) {
+		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "No memory resource\n");
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto mem_free;
+	}
+
+	if (!request_mem_region(res->start, resource_size(res),
+				dev_name(&pdev->dev))) {
+		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "address 0x%x in use\n", (u32) res->start);
+		ret = -EBUSY;
+		goto mem_free;
+	}
+
+	info->baseaddr = ioremap(res->start, resource_size(res));
+	if (!info->baseaddr) {
+		ret = -ENXIO;
+		goto ioremap_err;
+	}
+
+	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, info);
+
+	pr_info("CCI loaded at %p\n", info->baseaddr);
+	return ret;
+
+ioremap_err:
+	release_region(res->start, resource_size(res));
+mem_free:
+	kfree(info);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct of_device_id arm_cci_matches[] = {
+	{.compatible = "arm,cci"},
+	{},
+};
+
+static struct platform_driver cci_platform_driver = {
+	.driver = {
+		   .name = DRIVER_NAME,
+		   .of_match_table = arm_cci_matches,
+		  },
+	.probe = cci_driver_probe,
+};
+
+static int __init cci_init(void)
+{
+	return platform_driver_register(&cci_platform_driver);
+}
+
+core_initcall(cci_init);
diff --git a/include/linux/arm-cci.h b/include/linux/arm-cci.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce3f705fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/arm-cci.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ 
+/*
+ * CCI support
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef __LINUX_ARM_CCI_H
+#define __LINUX_ARM_CCI_H
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_CCI
+extern void disable_cci(int cluster);
+#else
+static inline void disable_cci(int cluster) { }
+#endif
+
+#endif