diff --git a/arch/arm64/Kconfig b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
index 5f92344edff5..9ff72e582522 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/arm64/Kconfig
@@ -369,6 +369,15 @@ config KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET
 config UNWIND_TABLES
 	bool
 
+config UNWIND_PATCH_PAC_INTO_SCS
+	bool "Enable shadow call stack dynamically using code patching"
+	# needs Clang with https://reviews.llvm.org/D111780 incorporated
+	depends on CC_IS_CLANG && CLANG_VERSION >= 150000
+	depends on ARM64_PTR_AUTH_KERNEL && CC_HAS_BRANCH_PROT_PAC_RET
+	depends on SHADOW_CALL_STACK
+	select UNWIND_TABLES
+	select DYNAMIC_SCS
+
 source "arch/arm64/Kconfig.platforms"
 
 menu "Kernel Features"
diff --git a/arch/arm64/Makefile b/arch/arm64/Makefile
index 4fbca56fa602..e439ebbd167d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/Makefile
@@ -77,10 +77,16 @@ branch-prot-flags-$(CONFIG_CC_HAS_SIGN_RETURN_ADDRESS) := -msign-return-address=
 # We enable additional protection for leaf functions as there is some
 # narrow potential for ROP protection benefits and no substantial
 # performance impact has been observed.
+PACRET-y := pac-ret+leaf
+
+# Using a shadow call stack in leaf functions is too costly, so avoid PAC there
+# as well when we may be patching PAC into SCS
+PACRET-$(CONFIG_UNWIND_PATCH_PAC_INTO_SCS) := pac-ret
+
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARM64_BTI_KERNEL),y)
-branch-prot-flags-$(CONFIG_CC_HAS_BRANCH_PROT_PAC_RET_BTI) := -mbranch-protection=pac-ret+leaf+bti
+branch-prot-flags-$(CONFIG_CC_HAS_BRANCH_PROT_PAC_RET_BTI) := -mbranch-protection=$(PACRET-y)+bti
 else
-branch-prot-flags-$(CONFIG_CC_HAS_BRANCH_PROT_PAC_RET) := -mbranch-protection=pac-ret+leaf
+branch-prot-flags-$(CONFIG_CC_HAS_BRANCH_PROT_PAC_RET) := -mbranch-protection=$(PACRET-y)
 endif
 # -march=armv8.3-a enables the non-nops instructions for PAC, to avoid the
 # compiler to generate them and consequently to break the single image contract
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/scs.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/scs.h
index 8297bccf0784..51fcfc96ba71 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/scs.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/scs.h
@@ -24,6 +24,51 @@
 	.endm
 #endif /* CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK */
 
+
+#else
+
+#include <linux/scs.h>
+#include <asm/cpufeature.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_UNWIND_PATCH_PAC_INTO_SCS
+static inline bool should_patch_pac_into_scs(void)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We only enable the shadow call stack dynamically if we are running
+	 * on a system that does not implement PAC or BTI. PAC and SCS provide
+	 * roughly the same level of protection, and BTI relies on the PACIASP
+	 * instructions serving as landing pads, preventing us from patching
+	 * those instructions into something else.
+	 */
+	u64 reg = read_sysreg_s(SYS_ID_AA64ISAR1_EL1);
+
+	if (reg & ((0xf << ID_AA64ISAR1_APA_SHIFT) |
+		   (0xf << ID_AA64ISAR1_API_SHIFT)))
+		return false;
+
+	reg = read_sysreg_s(SYS_ID_AA64ISAR2_EL1);
+	if (reg & (0xf << ID_AA64ISAR2_APA3_SHIFT))
+		return false;
+
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_BTI_KERNEL)) {
+		reg = read_sysreg_s(SYS_ID_AA64PFR1_EL1);
+		if (reg & (0xf << ID_AA64PFR1_BT_SHIFT))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline void dynamic_scs_init(void)
+{
+	if (should_patch_pac_into_scs())
+		static_branch_enable(&dynamic_scs_enabled);
+}
+#else
+static inline void dynamic_scs_init(void) {}
+#endif
+
+int scs_patch(const u8 eh_frame[], int size);
+
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY __ */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_SCS_H */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile
index fa7981d0d917..bd5ab51f86fb 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/Makefile
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ARM64_PTR_AUTH)		+= pointer_auth.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ARM64_MTE)			+= mte.o
 obj-y					+= vdso-wrap.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO)		+= vdso32-wrap.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_UNWIND_PATCH_PAC_INTO_SCS)	+= patch-scs.o
+CFLAGS_patch-scs.o			+= -mbranch-protection=none
 
 # Force dependency (vdso*-wrap.S includes vdso.so through incbin)
 $(obj)/vdso-wrap.o: $(obj)/vdso/vdso.so
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
index 6a98f1a38c29..e9601c8a1bcd 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/head.S
@@ -453,6 +453,9 @@ SYM_FUNC_START_LOCAL(__primary_switched)
 	mov	x0, x21				// pass FDT address in x0
 	bl	early_fdt_map			// Try mapping the FDT early
 	bl	init_feature_override		// Parse cpu feature overrides
+#ifdef CONFIG_UNWIND_PATCH_PAC_INTO_SCS
+	bl	scs_patch_vmlinux
+#endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE
 	tst	x23, ~(MIN_KIMG_ALIGN - 1)	// already running randomized?
 	b.ne	0f
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c
index bda49430c9ea..c284ec35c27c 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ static void init_irq_scs(void)
 {
 	int cpu;
 
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK))
+	if (!scs_is_enabled())
 		return;
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/module.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/module.c
index f2d4bb14bfab..111dc6414e6d 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/module.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/module.c
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include <linux/moduleloader.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 #include <asm/alternative.h>
 #include <asm/insn.h>
+#include <asm/scs.h>
 #include <asm/sections.h>
 
 void *module_alloc(unsigned long size)
@@ -529,5 +531,11 @@ int module_finalize(const Elf_Ehdr *hdr,
 	if (s)
 		apply_alternatives_module((void *)s->sh_addr, s->sh_size);
 
+	if (scs_is_dynamic()) {
+		s = find_section(hdr, sechdrs, ".init.eh_frame");
+		if (s)
+			scs_patch((void *)s->sh_addr, s->sh_size);
+	}
+
 	return module_init_ftrace_plt(hdr, sechdrs, me);
 }
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/patch-scs.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/patch-scs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1b3da02d5b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/patch-scs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 - Google LLC
+ * Author: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@google.com>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
+#include <asm/scs.h>
+
+//
+// This minimal DWARF CFI parser is partially based on the code in
+// arch/arc/kernel/unwind.c, and on the document below:
+// https://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_4.0.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/ehframechpt.html
+//
+
+#define DW_CFA_nop                          0x00
+#define DW_CFA_set_loc                      0x01
+#define DW_CFA_advance_loc1                 0x02
+#define DW_CFA_advance_loc2                 0x03
+#define DW_CFA_advance_loc4                 0x04
+#define DW_CFA_offset_extended              0x05
+#define DW_CFA_restore_extended             0x06
+#define DW_CFA_undefined                    0x07
+#define DW_CFA_same_value                   0x08
+#define DW_CFA_register                     0x09
+#define DW_CFA_remember_state               0x0a
+#define DW_CFA_restore_state                0x0b
+#define DW_CFA_def_cfa                      0x0c
+#define DW_CFA_def_cfa_register             0x0d
+#define DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset               0x0e
+#define DW_CFA_def_cfa_expression           0x0f
+#define DW_CFA_expression                   0x10
+#define DW_CFA_offset_extended_sf           0x11
+#define DW_CFA_def_cfa_sf                   0x12
+#define DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset_sf            0x13
+#define DW_CFA_val_offset                   0x14
+#define DW_CFA_val_offset_sf                0x15
+#define DW_CFA_val_expression               0x16
+#define DW_CFA_lo_user                      0x1c
+#define DW_CFA_negate_ra_state              0x2d
+#define DW_CFA_GNU_args_size                0x2e
+#define DW_CFA_GNU_negative_offset_extended 0x2f
+#define DW_CFA_hi_user                      0x3f
+
+extern const u8 __eh_frame_start[], __eh_frame_end[];
+
+enum {
+	PACIASP		= 0xd503233f,
+	AUTIASP		= 0xd50323bf,
+	SCS_PUSH	= 0xf800865e,
+	SCS_POP		= 0xf85f8e5e,
+};
+
+static void __always_inline scs_patch_loc(u64 loc)
+{
+	u32 insn = le32_to_cpup((void *)loc);
+
+	switch (insn) {
+	case PACIASP:
+		*(u32 *)loc = cpu_to_le32(SCS_PUSH);
+		break;
+	case AUTIASP:
+		*(u32 *)loc = cpu_to_le32(SCS_POP);
+		break;
+	default:
+		/*
+		 * While the DW_CFA_negate_ra_state directive is guaranteed to
+		 * appear right after a PACIASP/AUTIASP instruction, it may
+		 * also appear after a DW_CFA_restore_state directive that
+		 * restores a state that is only partially accurate, and is
+		 * followed by DW_CFA_negate_ra_state directive to toggle the
+		 * PAC bit again. So we permit other instructions here, and ignore
+		 * them.
+		 */
+		return;
+	}
+	dcache_clean_pou(loc, loc + sizeof(u32));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip one uleb128/sleb128 encoded quantity from the opcode stream. All bytes
+ * except the last one have bit #7 set.
+ */
+static int __always_inline skip_xleb128(const u8 **opcode, int size)
+{
+	u8 c;
+
+	do {
+		c = *(*opcode)++;
+		size--;
+	} while (c & BIT(7));
+
+	return size;
+}
+
+struct eh_frame {
+	/*
+	 * The size of this frame if 0 < size < U32_MAX, 0 terminates the list.
+	 */
+	u32	size;
+
+	/*
+	 * The first frame is a Common Information Entry (CIE) frame, followed
+	 * by one or more Frame Description Entry (FDE) frames. In the former
+	 * case, this field is 0, otherwise it is the negated offset relative
+	 * to the associated CIE frame.
+	 */
+	u32	cie_id_or_pointer;
+
+	union {
+		struct { // CIE
+			u8	version;
+			u8	augmentation_string[];
+		};
+
+		struct { // FDE
+			s32	initial_loc;
+			s32	range;
+			u8	opcodes[];
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+static int noinstr scs_handle_fde_frame(const struct eh_frame *frame,
+					bool fde_has_augmentation_data,
+					int code_alignment_factor)
+{
+	int size = frame->size - offsetof(struct eh_frame, opcodes) + 4;
+	u64 loc = (u64)offset_to_ptr(&frame->initial_loc);
+	const u8 *opcode = frame->opcodes;
+
+	if (fde_has_augmentation_data) {
+		int l;
+
+		// assume single byte uleb128_t
+		if (WARN_ON(*opcode & BIT(7)))
+			return -ENOEXEC;
+
+		l = *opcode++;
+		opcode += l;
+		size -= l + 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Starting from 'loc', apply the CFA opcodes that advance the location
+	 * pointer, and identify the locations of the PAC instructions.
+	 */
+	while (size-- > 0) {
+		switch (*opcode++) {
+		case DW_CFA_nop:
+		case DW_CFA_remember_state:
+		case DW_CFA_restore_state:
+			break;
+
+		case DW_CFA_advance_loc1:
+			loc += *opcode++ * code_alignment_factor;
+			size--;
+			break;
+
+		case DW_CFA_advance_loc2:
+			loc += *opcode++ * code_alignment_factor;
+			loc += (*opcode++ << 8) * code_alignment_factor;
+			size -= 2;
+			break;
+
+		case DW_CFA_def_cfa:
+		case DW_CFA_offset_extended:
+			size = skip_xleb128(&opcode, size);
+			fallthrough;
+		case DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset:
+		case DW_CFA_def_cfa_offset_sf:
+		case DW_CFA_def_cfa_register:
+		case DW_CFA_same_value:
+		case DW_CFA_restore_extended:
+		case 0x80 ... 0xbf:
+			size = skip_xleb128(&opcode, size);
+			break;
+
+		case DW_CFA_negate_ra_state:
+			scs_patch_loc(loc - 4);
+			break;
+
+		case 0x40 ... 0x7f:
+			// advance loc
+			loc += (opcode[-1] & 0x3f) * code_alignment_factor;
+			break;
+
+		case 0xc0 ... 0xff:
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			pr_err("unhandled opcode: %02x in FDE frame %lx\n", opcode[-1], (uintptr_t)frame);
+			return -ENOEXEC;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int noinstr scs_patch(const u8 eh_frame[], int size)
+{
+	const u8 *p = eh_frame;
+
+	while (size > 4) {
+		const struct eh_frame *frame = (const void *)p;
+		bool fde_has_augmentation_data = true;
+		int code_alignment_factor = 1;
+		int ret;
+
+		if (frame->size == 0 ||
+		    frame->size == U32_MAX ||
+		    frame->size > size)
+			break;
+
+		if (frame->cie_id_or_pointer == 0) {
+			const u8 *p = frame->augmentation_string;
+
+			/* a 'z' in the augmentation string must come first */
+			fde_has_augmentation_data = *p == 'z';
+
+			/*
+			 * The code alignment factor is a uleb128 encoded field
+			 * but given that the only sensible values are 1 or 4,
+			 * there is no point in decoding the whole thing.
+			 */
+			p += strlen(p) + 1;
+			if (!WARN_ON(*p & BIT(7)))
+				code_alignment_factor = *p;
+		} else {
+			ret = scs_handle_fde_frame(frame,
+						   fde_has_augmentation_data,
+						   code_alignment_factor);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+		}
+
+		p += sizeof(frame->size) + frame->size;
+		size -= sizeof(frame->size) + frame->size;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+asmlinkage void __init scs_patch_vmlinux(void)
+{
+	if (!should_patch_pac_into_scs())
+		return;
+
+	WARN_ON(scs_patch(__eh_frame_start, __eh_frame_end - __eh_frame_start));
+	icache_inval_all_pou();
+	isb();
+}
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c
index d20620a1c51a..30f3c7563694 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/sdei.c
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ static int init_sdei_scs(void)
 	int cpu;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SHADOW_CALL_STACK))
+	if (!scs_is_enabled())
 		return 0;
 
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c
index cf3a759f10d4..1b4f84563006 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/setup.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <linux/efi.h>
 #include <linux/psci.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
+#include <linux/scs.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 
 #include <asm/acpi.h>
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <asm/cpu_ops.h>
 #include <asm/kasan.h>
 #include <asm/numa.h>
+#include <asm/scs.h>
 #include <asm/sections.h>
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 #include <asm/smp_plat.h>
@@ -313,6 +315,8 @@ void __init __no_sanitize_address setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
 
 	parse_early_param();
 
+	dynamic_scs_init();
+
 	/*
 	 * Unmask asynchronous aborts and fiq after bringing up possible
 	 * earlycon. (Report possible System Errors once we can report this
