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Tue, 24 Oct 2023 06:47:14 -0700 (PDT) Date: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 06:46:12 -0700 In-Reply-To: <20231024134637.3120277-1-surenb@google.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Mime-Version: 1.0 References: <20231024134637.3120277-1-surenb@google.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.42.0.758.gaed0368e0e-goog Message-ID: <20231024134637.3120277-16-surenb@google.com> Subject: [PATCH v2 15/39] lib: add allocation tagging support for memory allocation profiling From: Suren Baghdasaryan To: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: kent.overstreet@linux.dev, mhocko@suse.com, vbabka@suse.cz, hannes@cmpxchg.org, roman.gushchin@linux.dev, mgorman@suse.de, dave@stgolabs.net, willy@infradead.org, liam.howlett@oracle.com, corbet@lwn.net, void@manifault.com, peterz@infradead.org, juri.lelli@redhat.com, ldufour@linux.ibm.com, catalin.marinas@arm.com, will@kernel.org, arnd@arndb.de, tglx@linutronix.de, mingo@redhat.com, dave.hansen@linux.intel.com, x86@kernel.org, peterx@redhat.com, david@redhat.com, axboe@kernel.dk, mcgrof@kernel.org, masahiroy@kernel.org, nathan@kernel.org, dennis@kernel.org, tj@kernel.org, muchun.song@linux.dev, rppt@kernel.org, paulmck@kernel.org, pasha.tatashin@soleen.com, yosryahmed@google.com, yuzhao@google.com, dhowells@redhat.com, hughd@google.com, andreyknvl@gmail.com, keescook@chromium.org, ndesaulniers@google.com, vvvvvv@google.com, gregkh@linuxfoundation.org, ebiggers@google.com, ytcoode@gmail.com, vincent.guittot@linaro.org, dietmar.eggemann@arm.com, rostedt@goodmis.org, bsegall@google.com, bristot@redhat.com, vschneid@redhat.com, cl@linux.com, penberg@kernel.org, iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com, 42.hyeyoo@gmail.com, glider@google.com, elver@google.com, dvyukov@google.com, shakeelb@google.com, songmuchun@bytedance.com, jbaron@akamai.com, rientjes@google.com, minchan@google.com, kaleshsingh@google.com, surenb@google.com, kernel-team@android.com, linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, iommu@lists.linux.dev, linux-arch@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-modules@vger.kernel.org, kasan-dev@googlegroups.com, cgroups@vger.kernel.org Introduce CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING which provides definitions to easily instrument memory allocators. It registers an "alloc_tags" codetag type with /proc/allocinfo interface to output allocation tag information when the feature is enabled. CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG is provided for debugging the memory allocation profiling instrumentation. Memory allocation profiling can be enabled or disabled at runtime using /proc/sys/vm/mem_profiling sysctl when CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG=n. CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT enables memory allocation profiling by default. Co-developed-by: Kent Overstreet Signed-off-by: Suren Baghdasaryan Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet --- Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst | 16 +++ Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst | 28 +++++ include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h | 14 +++ include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h | 3 + include/linux/alloc_tag.h | 133 ++++++++++++++++++++ include/linux/sched.h | 24 ++++ lib/Kconfig.debug | 25 ++++ lib/Makefile | 2 + lib/alloc_tag.c | 158 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ scripts/module.lds.S | 7 ++ 10 files changed, 410 insertions(+) create mode 100644 include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h create mode 100644 include/linux/alloc_tag.h create mode 100644 lib/alloc_tag.c diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst index 45ba1f4dc004..0a012ac13a38 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst @@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/vm: - legacy_va_layout - lowmem_reserve_ratio - max_map_count +- mem_profiling (only if CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING=y) - memory_failure_early_kill - memory_failure_recovery - min_free_kbytes @@ -425,6 +426,21 @@ e.g., up to one or two maps per allocation. The default value is 65530. +mem_profiling +============== + +Enable memory profiling (when CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING=y) + +1: Enable memory profiling. + +0: Disabld memory profiling. + +Enabling memory profiling introduces a small performance overhead for all +memory allocations. + +The default value depends on CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT. + + memory_failure_early_kill: ========================== diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst index 2b59cff8be17..41a7e6d95fe8 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst @@ -688,6 +688,7 @@ files are there, and which are missing. ============ =============================================================== File Content ============ =============================================================== + allocinfo Memory allocations profiling information apm Advanced power management info buddyinfo Kernel memory allocator information (see text) (2.5) bus Directory containing bus specific information @@ -947,6 +948,33 @@ also be allocatable although a lot of filesystem metadata may have to be reclaimed to achieve this. +allocinfo +~~~~~~~ + +Provides information about memory allocations at all locations in the code +base. Each allocation in the code is identified by its source file, line +number, module and the function calling the allocation. The number of bytes +allocated at each location is reported. + +Example output. + +:: + + > cat /proc/allocinfo + + 153MiB mm/slub.c:1826 module:slub func:alloc_slab_page + 6.08MiB mm/slab_common.c:950 module:slab_common func:_kmalloc_order + 5.09MiB mm/memcontrol.c:2814 module:memcontrol func:alloc_slab_obj_exts + 4.54MiB mm/page_alloc.c:5777 module:page_alloc func:alloc_pages_exact + 1.32MiB include/asm-generic/pgalloc.h:63 module:pgtable func:__pte_alloc_one + 1.16MiB fs/xfs/xfs_log_priv.h:700 module:xfs func:xlog_kvmalloc + 1.00MiB mm/swap_cgroup.c:48 module:swap_cgroup func:swap_cgroup_prepare + 734KiB fs/xfs/kmem.c:20 module:xfs func:kmem_alloc + 640KiB kernel/rcu/tree.c:3184 module:tree func:fill_page_cache_func + 640KiB drivers/char/virtio_console.c:452 module:virtio_console func:alloc_buf + ... + + meminfo ~~~~~~~ diff --git a/include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..64f536b80380 --- /dev/null +++ b/include/asm-generic/codetag.lds.h @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */ +#ifndef __ASM_GENERIC_CODETAG_LDS_H +#define __ASM_GENERIC_CODETAG_LDS_H + +#define SECTION_WITH_BOUNDARIES(_name) \ + . = ALIGN(8); \ + __start_##_name = .; \ + KEEP(*(_name)) \ + __stop_##_name = .; + +#define CODETAG_SECTIONS() \ + SECTION_WITH_BOUNDARIES(alloc_tags) + +#endif /* __ASM_GENERIC_CODETAG_LDS_H */ diff --git a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h index 67d8dd2f1bde..f04661824939 100644 --- a/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h +++ b/include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h @@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ * [__nosave_begin, __nosave_end] for the nosave data */ +#include + #ifndef LOAD_OFFSET #define LOAD_OFFSET 0 #endif @@ -367,6 +369,7 @@ . = ALIGN(8); \ BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_classes, ___dyndbg_classes) \ BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg, ___dyndbg) \ + CODETAG_SECTIONS() \ LIKELY_PROFILE() \ BRANCH_PROFILE() \ TRACE_PRINTKS() \ diff --git a/include/linux/alloc_tag.h b/include/linux/alloc_tag.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..cf55a149fa84 --- /dev/null +++ b/include/linux/alloc_tag.h @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ +/* + * allocation tagging + */ +#ifndef _LINUX_ALLOC_TAG_H +#define _LINUX_ALLOC_TAG_H + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +struct alloc_tag_counters { + u64 bytes; + u64 calls; +}; + +/* + * An instance of this structure is created in a special ELF section at every + * allocation callsite. At runtime, the special section is treated as + * an array of these. Embedded codetag utilizes codetag framework. + */ +struct alloc_tag { + struct codetag ct; + struct alloc_tag_counters __percpu *counters; +} __aligned(8); + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING + +static inline struct alloc_tag *ct_to_alloc_tag(struct codetag *ct) +{ + return container_of(ct, struct alloc_tag, ct); +} + +#ifdef ARCH_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU +/* + * When percpu variables are required to be defined as weak, static percpu + * variables can't be used inside a function (see comments for DECLARE_PER_CPU_SECTION). + */ +#error "Memory allocation profiling is incompatible with ARCH_NEEDS_WEAK_PER_CPU" +#endif + +#define DEFINE_ALLOC_TAG(_alloc_tag, _old) \ + static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct alloc_tag_counters, _alloc_tag_cntr); \ + static struct alloc_tag _alloc_tag __used __aligned(8) \ + __section("alloc_tags") = { \ + .ct = CODE_TAG_INIT, \ + .counters = &_alloc_tag_cntr }; \ + struct alloc_tag * __maybe_unused _old = alloc_tag_save(&_alloc_tag) + +DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE(CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT, + mem_alloc_profiling_key); + +static inline bool mem_alloc_profiling_enabled(void) +{ + return static_branch_maybe(CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT, + &mem_alloc_profiling_key); +} + +static inline struct alloc_tag_counters alloc_tag_read(struct alloc_tag *tag) +{ + struct alloc_tag_counters v = { 0, 0 }; + struct alloc_tag_counters *counter; + int cpu; + + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) { + counter = per_cpu_ptr(tag->counters, cpu); + v.bytes += counter->bytes; + v.calls += counter->calls; + } + + return v; +} + +static inline void __alloc_tag_sub(union codetag_ref *ref, size_t bytes) +{ + struct alloc_tag *tag; + +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG + WARN_ONCE(ref && !ref->ct, "alloc_tag was not set\n"); +#endif + if (!ref || !ref->ct) + return; + + tag = ct_to_alloc_tag(ref->ct); + + this_cpu_sub(tag->counters->bytes, bytes); + this_cpu_dec(tag->counters->calls); + + ref->ct = NULL; +} + +static inline void alloc_tag_sub(union codetag_ref *ref, size_t bytes) +{ + __alloc_tag_sub(ref, bytes); +} + +static inline void alloc_tag_sub_noalloc(union codetag_ref *ref, size_t bytes) +{ + __alloc_tag_sub(ref, bytes); +} + +static inline void alloc_tag_add(union codetag_ref *ref, struct alloc_tag *tag, size_t bytes) +{ +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG + WARN_ONCE(ref && ref->ct, + "alloc_tag was not cleared (got tag for %s:%u)\n",\ + ref->ct->filename, ref->ct->lineno); + + WARN_ONCE(!tag, "current->alloc_tag not set"); +#endif + if (!ref || !tag) + return; + + ref->ct = &tag->ct; + this_cpu_add(tag->counters->bytes, bytes); + this_cpu_inc(tag->counters->calls); +} + +#else + +#define DEFINE_ALLOC_TAG(_alloc_tag, _old) +static inline void alloc_tag_sub(union codetag_ref *ref, size_t bytes) {} +static inline void alloc_tag_sub_noalloc(union codetag_ref *ref, size_t bytes) {} +static inline void alloc_tag_add(union codetag_ref *ref, struct alloc_tag *tag, + size_t bytes) {} + +#endif + +#endif /* _LINUX_ALLOC_TAG_H */ diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 12a2554a3164..d35901d8de06 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -767,6 +767,10 @@ struct task_struct { unsigned int flags; unsigned int ptrace; +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING + struct alloc_tag *alloc_tag; +#endif + #ifdef CONFIG_SMP int on_cpu; struct __call_single_node wake_entry; @@ -806,6 +810,7 @@ struct task_struct { struct task_group *sched_task_group; #endif + #ifdef CONFIG_UCLAMP_TASK /* * Clamp values requested for a scheduling entity. @@ -2457,4 +2462,23 @@ static inline int sched_core_idle_cpu(int cpu) { return idle_cpu(cpu); } extern void sched_set_stop_task(int cpu, struct task_struct *stop); +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING +static inline struct alloc_tag *alloc_tag_save(struct alloc_tag *tag) +{ + swap(current->alloc_tag, tag); + return tag; +} + +static inline void alloc_tag_restore(struct alloc_tag *tag, struct alloc_tag *old) +{ +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG + WARN(current->alloc_tag != tag, "current->alloc_tag was changed:\n"); +#endif + current->alloc_tag = old; +} +#else +static inline struct alloc_tag *alloc_tag_save(struct alloc_tag *tag) { return NULL; } +#define alloc_tag_restore(_tag, _old) +#endif + #endif diff --git a/lib/Kconfig.debug b/lib/Kconfig.debug index 2acbef24e93e..475a14e70566 100644 --- a/lib/Kconfig.debug +++ b/lib/Kconfig.debug @@ -966,6 +966,31 @@ config CODE_TAGGING bool select KALLSYMS +config MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING + bool "Enable memory allocation profiling" + default n + depends on PROC_FS + depends on !DEBUG_FORCE_WEAK_PER_CPU + select CODE_TAGGING + help + Track allocation source code and record total allocation size + initiated at that code location. The mechanism can be used to track + memory leaks with a low performance and memory impact. + +config MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT + bool "Enable memory allocation profiling by default" + default y + depends on MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING + +config MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG + bool "Memory allocation profiler debugging" + default n + depends on MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING + select MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT + help + Adds warnings with helpful error messages for memory allocation + profiling. + source "lib/Kconfig.kasan" source "lib/Kconfig.kfence" source "lib/Kconfig.kmsan" diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile index b50212b5b999..4525469637fe 100644 --- a/lib/Makefile +++ b/lib/Makefile @@ -234,6 +234,8 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_OF_RECONFIG_NOTIFIER_ERROR_INJECT) += \ obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION) += error-inject.o obj-$(CONFIG_CODE_TAGGING) += codetag.o +obj-$(CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING) += alloc_tag.o + lib-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG) += bug.o obj-$(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRACEHOOK) += syscall.o diff --git a/lib/alloc_tag.c b/lib/alloc_tag.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4fc031f9cefd --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/alloc_tag.c @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +static struct codetag_type *alloc_tag_cttype; + +DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_MAYBE(CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT, + mem_alloc_profiling_key); + +static void *allocinfo_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos) +{ + struct codetag_iterator *iter; + struct codetag *ct; + loff_t node = *pos; + + iter = kzalloc(sizeof(*iter), GFP_KERNEL); + m->private = iter; + if (!iter) + return NULL; + + codetag_lock_module_list(alloc_tag_cttype, true); + *iter = codetag_get_ct_iter(alloc_tag_cttype); + while ((ct = codetag_next_ct(iter)) != NULL && node) + node--; + + return ct ? iter : NULL; +} + +static void *allocinfo_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos) +{ + struct codetag_iterator *iter = (struct codetag_iterator *)arg; + struct codetag *ct = codetag_next_ct(iter); + + (*pos)++; + if (!ct) + return NULL; + + return iter; +} + +static void allocinfo_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + struct codetag_iterator *iter = (struct codetag_iterator *)m->private; + + if (iter) { + codetag_lock_module_list(alloc_tag_cttype, false); + kfree(iter); + } +} + +static void alloc_tag_to_text(struct seq_buf *out, struct codetag *ct) +{ + struct alloc_tag *tag = ct_to_alloc_tag(ct); + struct alloc_tag_counters counter = alloc_tag_read(tag); + s64 bytes = counter.bytes; + char val[10], *p = val; + + if (bytes < 0) { + *p++ = '-'; + bytes = -bytes; + } + + string_get_size(bytes, 1, + STRING_SIZE_BASE2|STRING_SIZE_NOSPACE, + p, val + ARRAY_SIZE(val) - p); + + seq_buf_printf(out, "%8s %8llu ", val, counter.calls); + codetag_to_text(out, ct); + seq_buf_putc(out, ' '); + seq_buf_putc(out, '\n'); +} + +static int allocinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg) +{ + struct codetag_iterator *iter = (struct codetag_iterator *)arg; + char *bufp; + size_t n = seq_get_buf(m, &bufp); + struct seq_buf buf; + + seq_buf_init(&buf, bufp, n); + alloc_tag_to_text(&buf, iter->ct); + seq_commit(m, seq_buf_used(&buf)); + return 0; +} + +static const struct seq_operations allocinfo_seq_op = { + .start = allocinfo_start, + .next = allocinfo_next, + .stop = allocinfo_stop, + .show = allocinfo_show, +}; + +static void __init procfs_init(void) +{ + proc_create_seq("allocinfo", 0444, NULL, &allocinfo_seq_op); +} + +static bool alloc_tag_module_unload(struct codetag_type *cttype, + struct codetag_module *cmod) +{ + struct codetag_iterator iter = codetag_get_ct_iter(cttype); + struct alloc_tag_counters counter; + bool module_unused = true; + struct alloc_tag *tag; + struct codetag *ct; + + for (ct = codetag_next_ct(&iter); ct; ct = codetag_next_ct(&iter)) { + if (iter.cmod != cmod) + continue; + + tag = ct_to_alloc_tag(ct); + counter = alloc_tag_read(tag); + + if (WARN(counter.bytes, "%s:%u module %s func:%s has %llu allocated at module unload", + ct->filename, ct->lineno, ct->modname, ct->function, counter.bytes)) + module_unused = false; + } + + return module_unused; +} + +static struct ctl_table memory_allocation_profiling_sysctls[] = { + { + .procname = "mem_profiling", + .data = &mem_alloc_profiling_key, +#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_ALLOC_PROFILING_DEBUG + .mode = 0444, +#else + .mode = 0644, +#endif + .proc_handler = proc_do_static_key, + }, + { } +}; + +static int __init alloc_tag_init(void) +{ + const struct codetag_type_desc desc = { + .section = "alloc_tags", + .tag_size = sizeof(struct alloc_tag), + .module_unload = alloc_tag_module_unload, + }; + + alloc_tag_cttype = codetag_register_type(&desc); + if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(alloc_tag_cttype)) + return PTR_ERR(alloc_tag_cttype); + + register_sysctl_init("vm", memory_allocation_profiling_sysctls); + procfs_init(); + + return 0; +} +module_init(alloc_tag_init); diff --git a/scripts/module.lds.S b/scripts/module.lds.S index bf5bcf2836d8..45c67a0994f3 100644 --- a/scripts/module.lds.S +++ b/scripts/module.lds.S @@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ #define DISCARD_EH_FRAME *(.eh_frame) #endif +#include + SECTIONS { /DISCARD/ : { *(.discard) @@ -47,12 +49,17 @@ SECTIONS { .data : { *(.data .data.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*) *(.data..L*) + CODETAG_SECTIONS() } .rodata : { *(.rodata .rodata.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*) *(.rodata..L*) } +#else + .data : { + CODETAG_SECTIONS() + } #endif }