From patchwork Tue Sep 7 16:00:58 2021 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Eric Snowberg X-Patchwork-Id: 12479069 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-18.8 required=3.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,INCLUDES_PATCH, MAILING_LIST_MULTI,MENTIONS_GIT_HOSTING,MSGID_FROM_MTA_HEADER,SPF_HELO_NONE, SPF_PASS,USER_AGENT_GIT autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.0 Received: from mail.kernel.org (mail.kernel.org [198.145.29.99]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 2D36CC43219 for ; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:02:29 +0000 (UTC) Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0BC2861108 for ; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:02:29 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S244356AbhIGQDd (ORCPT ); Tue, 7 Sep 2021 12:03:33 -0400 Received: from mx0b-00069f02.pphosted.com ([205.220.177.32]:46944 "EHLO mx0b-00069f02.pphosted.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S234524AbhIGQDX (ORCPT ); Tue, 7 Sep 2021 12:03:23 -0400 Received: from pps.filterd (m0246630.ppops.net [127.0.0.1]) by mx0b-00069f02.pphosted.com (8.16.1.2/8.16.1.2) with SMTP id 187Ehq72015568; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:01:37 GMT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=oracle.com; h=from : to : cc : subject : date : message-id : content-type : mime-version; s=corp-2021-07-09; bh=y/M0AOwHWRBjGCOiCMUEM/RnaVYdkTrhp293S9bX4w0=; b=klHpm22F/82Wb1HVZ+kBqNNCA4h5GPCNy3uEgUyWH5KaC5F79exKaZuyO3UhnCdcrg7B jvfhjMpwJinkZT3rvWDgRmTky9XP03R+APgk/pTItWJI4kqA0s8+yM5dnNCsTszw5Pai hkRYFcX2CBhgWUsqhf9Ez8S8PqMu5dafSVL2ZJkh6KmMKFdlKAk/r51c4orarPqzq/cg yQDm2qglfXiXocbim0kR35PScZRWY4JULK4H5040r99/KS+OkW3OppYCpAgUoIj6k0Di 5MkHFitH2wGRPjl+1VIYytba82nE6Pjr5dspJeRzmYMhgLIwx72yk486/03Ik+0/MQhr YA== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=oracle.com; h=from : to : cc : subject : date : message-id : content-type : mime-version; s=corp-2020-01-29; bh=y/M0AOwHWRBjGCOiCMUEM/RnaVYdkTrhp293S9bX4w0=; b=VwvPxD70So7z8c2OUUKiuUH9Rs6oa6txLWT5ly8pqBlfToJcNOVMnv8bWZp72ZywMdwq Z1h0H1HL7/v4K6mZmy7lpB/lkh2ppGKobQguxwHB3aPdyudlcEc1UV6vpjGqlE6I1byJ ur6UoY9WXk80etZIjDqiVnTlX1sACOonuRQIli1JuzpSagVo0Mm8vs2FbCEFmvU2UQ+N 6uNZTEJVakGbD9T8VXRhmTjN3eZikSq2VXALxIyZBT5nD/BQ98bSnuxKItBThSh2YifS B/CXhQKoAypsPRvKGuJ6eXRH72x0YdWo4hEieYSV6d23VdAIlFd+KLpXsVhOXJOvuk94 ww== Received: from userp3020.oracle.com (userp3020.oracle.com [156.151.31.79]) by mx0b-00069f02.pphosted.com with ESMTP id 3awq18adxg-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Tue, 07 Sep 2021 16:01:36 +0000 Received: from pps.filterd (userp3020.oracle.com [127.0.0.1]) by userp3020.oracle.com (8.16.0.42/8.16.0.42) with SMTP id 187G0F3f134735; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:01:28 GMT Received: from nam04-bn8-obe.outbound.protection.outlook.com (mail-bn8nam08lp2048.outbound.protection.outlook.com [104.47.74.48]) by userp3020.oracle.com with ESMTP id 3avqte3cts-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Tue, 07 Sep 2021 16:01:27 +0000 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; s=arcselector9901; d=microsoft.com; cv=none; b=mOrgrlBaHI54qIpgJ8J873/eqtrpqG3oJSX0yrerj25cC1UbDdr+5aCUCubCnE3mhT6UJDxGTurhEUZJEhc0yS8hRwHRMdaPE9fvQRy3jjJXSA98B8MIAlubcYWlN/ONoH6TJO8NtuU7/Zlb36G62wyy9sbpMp36YprN4vFBvRDcB1k1G8m2JfP87mK8AI2XDLASsQBxspbj+Rsc2FH+s1IxI2iSGzW43eH5Nu1Eoj9pbB10RHXhd2mMyd89WmmIJ6W0xMrIuvgreD0Quz5xfIu1CZr17aaR/L/SBBfdfbdGR5p2XryApo6FylSmWxaOnm/VqxeeoJzLJE+oLupFfQ== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=microsoft.com; s=arcselector9901; h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version; bh=y/M0AOwHWRBjGCOiCMUEM/RnaVYdkTrhp293S9bX4w0=; b=YfQqqmwTEQ9f+jbndEAeLdU6yP6xyTLnfRzPLafh3CUajsQbv052OwacyDGb1+IHHcrVji2Tb0E6bWF1DyPgaI/0Y96Ly7ZiKlD9FE/+SBO6FYVdCR1rTKIHEo7FBWVAsoo5N+QKTMRCppp5fNYTeHTjhS8v3GMj4MBMVWbGsS4OvfaZqGwpYKOKZ7MclmaBIUfmPMxtIe5TMyJT54cAd9TkExLAihCLM2kDriT5Us5gfRd2lB9LJya/Qu1iY0scw7YpEDJ3BISq54v8kt6ylNexxUq/pptQx2bP7QB6S8Xf26Yfn52t2mQNnQYiisngcAJD5NwTR/cf4hurxAD/vQ== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.microsoft.com 1; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=oracle.com; dmarc=pass action=none header.from=oracle.com; dkim=pass header.d=oracle.com; arc=none DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=oracle.onmicrosoft.com; s=selector2-oracle-onmicrosoft-com; h=From:Date:Subject:Message-ID:Content-Type:MIME-Version:X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck; bh=y/M0AOwHWRBjGCOiCMUEM/RnaVYdkTrhp293S9bX4w0=; b=d07d1dygpKZE64mXf+HNrL0gacT5rAT7ru2fkBaZmrf+QwOYrsErW217S04GZ3ivNBReLgB9t/YtYOVdCwxKDvvtOS+SJz4vgYgX3P6URN/gubpep8d8llvTKQPcHEv9IOZ5VJma2LiYvbNydoGRhs44+g2cPxez+cuCMlpfs9w= Authentication-Results: vger.kernel.org; dkim=none (message not signed) header.d=none;vger.kernel.org; dmarc=none action=none header.from=oracle.com; Received: from CH2PR10MB4150.namprd10.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:610:ac::13) by CH0PR10MB5177.namprd10.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:610:df::17) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.4478.21; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:01:25 +0000 Received: from CH2PR10MB4150.namprd10.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::340c:c4d9:1efa:5bc7]) by CH2PR10MB4150.namprd10.prod.outlook.com ([fe80::340c:c4d9:1efa:5bc7%8]) with mapi id 15.20.4478.025; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:01:25 +0000 From: Eric Snowberg To: keyrings@vger.kernel.org, linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org, zohar@linux.ibm.com, dhowells@redhat.com, dwmw2@infradead.org, herbert@gondor.apana.org.au, davem@davemloft.net, jarkko@kernel.org, jmorris@namei.org, serge@hallyn.com Cc: eric.snowberg@oracle.com, keescook@chromium.org, gregkh@linuxfoundation.org, torvalds@linux-foundation.org, scott.branden@broadcom.com, weiyongjun1@huawei.com, nayna@linux.ibm.com, ebiggers@google.com, ardb@kernel.org, nramas@linux.microsoft.com, lszubowi@redhat.com, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com, pjones@redhat.com, konrad.wilk@oracle.com Subject: [PATCH v5 00/12] Enroll kernel keys thru MOK Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 12:00:58 -0400 Message-Id: <20210907160110.2699645-1-eric.snowberg@oracle.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.18.4 X-ClientProxiedBy: BY3PR05CA0023.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:a03:254::28) To CH2PR10MB4150.namprd10.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:610:ac::13) MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: from localhost.us.oracle.com (148.87.23.13) by BY3PR05CA0023.namprd05.prod.outlook.com (2603:10b6:a03:254::28) with Microsoft SMTP Server (version=TLS1_2, cipher=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) id 15.20.4500.4 via Frontend Transport; Tue, 7 Sep 2021 16:01:22 +0000 X-MS-PublicTrafficType: Email X-MS-Office365-Filtering-Correlation-Id: 2cf3be7c-474b-4e08-c217-08d97218be5b X-MS-TrafficTypeDiagnostic: CH0PR10MB5177: X-MS-Exchange-Transport-Forked: True X-Microsoft-Antispam-PRVS: X-MS-Oob-TLC-OOBClassifiers: OLM:9508; X-MS-Exchange-SenderADCheck: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-Relay: 0 X-Microsoft-Antispam: BCL:0; X-Microsoft-Antispam-Message-Info: 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 X-Forefront-Antispam-Report: CIP:255.255.255.255;CTRY:;LANG:en;SCL:1;SRV:;IPV:NLI;SFV:NSPM;H:CH2PR10MB4150.namprd10.prod.outlook.com;PTR:;CAT:NONE;SFS:(366004)(52116002)(956004)(7696005)(2906002)(2616005)(5660300002)(8936002)(186003)(921005)(1076003)(66476007)(6666004)(26005)(38350700002)(38100700002)(36756003)(86362001)(66556008)(44832011)(7416002)(83380400001)(4326008)(6486002)(8676002)(508600001)(966005)(107886003)(316002)(66946007);DIR:OUT;SFP:1101; X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-ChunkCount: 1 X-MS-Exchange-AntiSpam-MessageData-0: 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 X-OriginatorOrg: oracle.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Network-Message-Id: 2cf3be7c-474b-4e08-c217-08d97218be5b X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthSource: CH2PR10MB4150.namprd10.prod.outlook.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthAs: Internal X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-OriginalArrivalTime: 07 Sep 2021 16:01:25.0401 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-FromEntityHeader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Id: 4e2c6054-71cb-48f1-bd6c-3a9705aca71b X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-MailboxType: HOSTED X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-UserPrincipalName: 3h3sb2w5QpFonVyUCI2eJHt6LUXzQbfocUfkfg0b59RC3tGopmOo4nVKDhWNaQFannN01uRWn9kYTM3RBpu4wdiLxrIIIVsGxhlp4bzyFtY= X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: CH0PR10MB5177 X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=nai engine=6300 definitions=10099 signatures=668682 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=notspam policy=default score=0 mlxlogscore=999 adultscore=0 bulkscore=0 suspectscore=0 spamscore=0 malwarescore=0 mlxscore=0 phishscore=0 classifier=spam adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.12.0-2108310000 definitions=main-2109070105 X-Proofpoint-GUID: abWxKp5W61Gb0P4KjyjMOQ2cMan2h0FK X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: abWxKp5W61Gb0P4KjyjMOQ2cMan2h0FK Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org Many UEFI Linux distributions boot using shim. The UEFI shim provides what is called Machine Owner Keys (MOK). Shim uses both the UEFI Secure Boot DB and MOK keys to validate the next step in the boot chain. The MOK facility can be used to import user generated keys. These keys can be used to sign an end-user development kernel build. When Linux boots, pre-boot keys (both UEFI Secure Boot DB and MOK keys) get loaded in the Linux .platform keyring. Currently, pre-boot keys are not trusted within the Linux trust boundary [1]. These platform keys can only be used for kexec. If an end-user wants to use their own key within the Linux trust boundary, they must either compile it into the kernel themselves or use the insert-sys-cert script. Both options present a problem. Many end-users do not want to compile their own kernels. With the insert-sys-cert option, there are missing upstream changes [2]. Also, with the insert-sys-cert option, the end-user must re-sign their kernel again with their own key, and then insert that key into the MOK db. Another problem with insert-sys-cert is that only a single key can be inserted into a compressed kernel. Having the ability to insert a key into the Linux trust boundary opens up various possibilities. The end-user can use a pre-built kernel and sign their own kernel modules. It also opens up the ability for an end-user to more easily use digital signature based IMA-appraisal. To get a key into the ima keyring, it must be signed by a key within the Linux trust boundary. Downstream Linux distros try to have a single signed kernel for each architecture. Each end-user may use this kernel in entirely different ways. Some downstream kernels have chosen to always trust platform keys within the Linux trust boundary for kernel module signing. These kernels have no way of using digital signature base IMA appraisal. This series introduces a new Linux kernel keyring containing the Machine Owner Keys (MOK) called .machine. It also adds a new MOK variable to shim. This variable allows the end-user to decide if they want to trust keys enrolled in the MOK within the Linux trust boundary. By default, nothing changes; MOK keys are not trusted within the Linux kernel. They are only trusted after the end-user makes the decision themselves. The end-user would set this through mokutil using a new --trust-mok option [3]. This would work similar to how the kernel uses MOK variables to enable/disable signature validation as well as use/ignore the db. When shim boots, it mirrors the new MokTML Boot Services variable to a new MokListTrustedRT Runtime Services variable and extends PCR14. MokListTrustedRT is written without EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE set, preventing an end-user from setting it after booting and doing a kexec. When the kernel boots, if MokListTrustedRT is set and EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE is not set, the MokListRT is loaded into the machine keyring instead of the platform keyring. Mimi has suggested that only CA keys be loaded into this keyring. All other certs will load into the platform keyring instead. The machine keyring contains a new keyring permission that only allows CA keys to be loaded. If the permission fails, the key is later loaded into the platform keyring. After all keys are added into the machine keyring, they are linked to the secondary trusted keyring. After the link is created, keys contained in the machine keyring will automatically be searched when searching the secondary trusted keys. Secure Boot keys will never be trusted. They will always be loaded into the platform keyring. If an end-user wanted to trust one, they would need to enroll it into the MOK. I have included links to both the mokutil [3] and shim [4] changes I have made to support this new functionality. V2 changes: - The .mok keyring persists past boot - Removed the unrestricted move into the secondary keyring - Removed the keyring move bypass patch - Added restrictions to allow the .mok to be linked to either the builtin or secondary keyrings - Secondary keyring dependency has been removed V3 changes: - Only CA keys contained in the MOKList are loaded, nothing else - Support for kernels built without the secondary trusted keyring has been dropped. V4 changes: - Add new Kconfig INTEGRITY_MOK_KEYRING and move all mok keyring code behind it - Changed patch series ordering - Consolidated a few patches V5 changes: - Rename from mok keyring to machine keyring [1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/1556221605.24945.3.camel@HansenPartnership.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/cover/902768/ [3] https://github.com/esnowberg/mokutil/tree/0.3.0-mokvars-v2 [4] https://github.com/esnowberg/shim/tree/mokvars-v2 Eric Snowberg (12): integrity: Introduce a Linux keyring called machine integrity: Do not allow machine keyring updates following init KEYS: CA link restriction integrity: restrict INTEGRITY_KEYRING_MACHINE to restrict_link_by_ca integrity: add new keyring handler for mok keys KEYS: add a reference to machine keyring KEYS: Introduce link restriction to include builtin, secondary and machine keys KEYS: integrity: change link restriction to trust the machine keyring KEYS: link secondary_trusted_keys to machine trusted keys integrity: store reference to machine keyring integrity: Trust MOK keys if MokListTrustedRT found integrity: Only use machine keyring when uefi_check_trust_mok_keys is true certs/system_keyring.c | 40 ++++++++- crypto/asymmetric_keys/restrict.c | 40 +++++++++ include/crypto/public_key.h | 5 ++ include/keys/system_keyring.h | 14 +++ security/integrity/Kconfig | 11 +++ security/integrity/Makefile | 1 + security/integrity/digsig.c | 18 +++- security/integrity/integrity.h | 17 +++- .../platform_certs/keyring_handler.c | 17 +++- .../platform_certs/keyring_handler.h | 5 ++ security/integrity/platform_certs/load_uefi.c | 4 +- .../platform_certs/machine_keyring.c | 85 +++++++++++++++++++ 12 files changed, 249 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) create mode 100644 security/integrity/platform_certs/machine_keyring.c base-commit: e22ce8eb631bdc47a4a4ea7ecf4e4ba499db4f93