[v2,4/4] kbuild: use $(src) instead of $(srctree)/$(src) for source directory

Commit Message

Masahiro Yamada April 27, 2024, 2:55 p.m. UTC

Kbuild conventionally uses $(obj)/ for generated files, and $(src)/ for
checked-in source files. It is merely a convention without any functional
difference. In fact, $(obj) and $(src) are exactly the same, as defined
in scripts/Makefile.build:

    src := $(obj)

When the kernel is built in a separate output directory, $(src) does
not accurately reflect the source directory location. While Kbuild
resolves this discrepancy by specifying VPATH=$(srctree) to search for
source files, it does not cover all cases. For example, when adding a
header search path for local headers, -I$(srctree)/$(src) is typically
passed to the compiler.

This introduces inconsistency between upstream and downstream Makefiles
because $(src) is used instead of $(srctree)/$(src) for the latter.

To address this inconsistency, this commit changes the semantics of
$(src) so that it always points to the directory in the source tree.

Going forward, the variables used in Makefiles will have the following
meanings:

  $(obj)     - directory in the object tree
  $(src)     - directory in the source tree  (changed by this commit)
  $(objtree) - the top of the kernel object tree
  $(srctree) - the top of the kernel source tree

Consequently, $(srctree)/$(src) in upstream Makefiles need to be replaced
with $(src).

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <[e-mail]>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <[e-mail]>
---

Changes in v2:
  - Rebase

 Documentation/Makefile                             |  8 ++++----
 Documentation/devicetree/bindings/Makefile         |  6 +++---
 Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst                 | 12 ++++++------
 Makefile                                           |  7 +++++++
 arch/arc/boot/dts/Makefile                         |  3 +--
 arch/arm/Kbuild                                    |  2 +-
 arch/arm/boot/Makefile                             |  3 +--
 arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile                         |  2 +-
 arch/arm/plat-orion/Makefile                       |  2 +-
 arch/arm/tools/Makefile                            |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile                    |  2 +-
 arch/arm64/kvm/Makefile                            |  4 ++--
 arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile                        |  2 +-
 arch/csky/boot/dts/Makefile                        |  4 +---
 arch/csky/kernel/vdso/Makefile                     |  2 +-
 arch/loongarch/kvm/Makefile                        |  2 +-
 arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile                       |  2 +-
 arch/mips/kernel/syscalls/Makefile                 |  2 +-
 arch/mips/vdso/Makefile                            |  4 ++--
 arch/nios2/boot/dts/Makefile                       |  3 +--
 arch/parisc/kernel/vdso32/Makefile                 |  2 +-
 arch/parisc/kernel/vdso64/Makefile                 |  2 +-
 arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile                         |  6 +++---
 arch/powerpc/boot/dts/Makefile                     |  3 +--
 arch/powerpc/boot/dts/fsl/Makefile                 |  3 +--
 arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile                  |  4 ++--
 arch/riscv/kernel/compat_vdso/Makefile             |  2 +-
 arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile                    |  2 +-
 arch/riscv/kvm/Makefile                            |  2 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/syscalls/Makefile                 |  4 ++--
 arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile                   |  2 +-
 arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile                   |  2 +-
 arch/sparc/vdso/Makefile                           |  2 +-
 arch/um/kernel/Makefile                            |  2 +-
 arch/x86/boot/Makefile                             |  2 +-
 arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile                       |  2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/Makefile                           |  2 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile                       |  2 +-
 arch/x86/mm/Makefile                               |  2 +-
 arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile                          |  2 +-
 arch/xtensa/boot/dts/Makefile                      |  3 +--
 certs/Makefile                                     |  4 ++--
 drivers/Makefile                                   |  5 -----
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_420xx/Makefile        |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_4xxx/Makefile         |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxx/Makefile        |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxxvf/Makefile      |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62x/Makefile         |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62xvf/Makefile       |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xcc/Makefile     |  2 +-
 drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xccvf/Makefile   |  2 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/Makefile                |  2 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/Makefile        |  4 ++--
 drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile                      |  4 ++--
 drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/Makefile               |  2 +-
 drivers/gpu/drm/msm/Makefile                       |  8 ++++----
 drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/Kbuild                     | 10 ++++------
 drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile                        | 10 +++++-----
 drivers/hid/amd-sfh-hid/Makefile                   |  2 +-
 drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/Makefile                 |  2 +-
 drivers/md/dm-vdo/Makefile                         |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/Makefile    |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/libcxgb/Makefile      |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/fungible/funeth/Makefile      |  2 +-
 drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/Makefile       |  2 +-
 .../wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/Makefile  |  4 ++--
 .../broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/bca/Makefile       |  6 +++---
 .../broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/cyw/Makefile       |  6 +++---
 .../broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/wcc/Makefile       |  6 +++---
 .../wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmsmac/Makefile  |  6 +++---
 .../wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmutil/Makefile  |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/dvm/Makefile    |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mei/Makefile    |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/Makefile    |  2 +-
 drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/tests/Makefile  |  2 +-
 .../net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8180/Makefile  |  2 +-
 .../net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/Makefile  |  2 +-
 drivers/scsi/aic7xxx/Makefile                      | 12 ++++++------
 drivers/staging/rtl8723bs/Makefile                 |  2 +-
 fs/iomap/Makefile                                  |  2 +-
 fs/unicode/Makefile                                | 14 +++++++-------
 fs/xfs/Makefile                                    |  4 ++--
 init/Makefile                                      |  2 +-
 lib/Makefile                                       |  6 +++---
 lib/raid6/Makefile                                 |  2 +-
 net/wireless/Makefile                              |  2 +-
 rust/Makefile                                      |  6 +++---
 samples/bpf/Makefile                               |  2 +-
 samples/hid/Makefile                               |  2 +-
 scripts/Kbuild.include                             |  3 +--
 scripts/Makefile.asm-generic                       |  6 +++---
 scripts/Makefile.build                             |  2 +-
 scripts/Makefile.clean                             |  2 +-
 scripts/Makefile.lib                               | 10 +++++-----
 scripts/Makefile.modpost                           |  2 +-
 scripts/dtc/Makefile                               |  6 +++---
 scripts/gdb/linux/Makefile                         |  2 +-
 scripts/genksyms/Makefile                          |  4 ++--
 scripts/kconfig/Makefile                           |  8 ++++----
 security/tomoyo/Makefile                           |  2 +-
 usr/Makefile                                       |  2 +-
 usr/include/Makefile                               |  2 +-
 102 files changed, 173 insertions(+), 182 deletions(-)

Comments

Krzysztof Kozlowski May 9, 2024, 8:59 a.m. UTC | #1

On 27/04/2024 16:55, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> Kbuild conventionally uses $(obj)/ for generated files, and $(src)/ for
> checked-in source files. It is merely a convention without any functional
> difference. In fact, $(obj) and $(src) are exactly the same, as defined
> in scripts/Makefile.build:
> 
>     src := $(obj)
> 
> When the kernel is built in a separate output directory, $(src) does
> not accurately reflect the source directory location. While Kbuild
> resolves this discrepancy by specifying VPATH=$(srctree) to search for
> source files, it does not cover all cases. For example, when adding a
> header search path for local headers, -I$(srctree)/$(src) is typically
> passed to the compiler.
> 
> This introduces inconsistency between upstream and downstream Makefiles
> because $(src) is used instead of $(srctree)/$(src) for the latter.
> 
> To address this inconsistency, this commit changes the semantics of
> $(src) so that it always points to the directory in the source tree.
> 
> Going forward, the variables used in Makefiles will have the following
> meanings:
> 
>   $(obj)     - directory in the object tree
>   $(src)     - directory in the source tree  (changed by this commit)
>   $(objtree) - the top of the kernel object tree
>   $(srctree) - the top of the kernel source tree
> 
> Consequently, $(srctree)/$(src) in upstream Makefiles need to be replaced
> with $(src).
> 

This patch, since yesterday's next, causes build issues with my
(completely) standard and typical workflow:

alias crosc64='CROSS_COMPILE="ccache aarch64-linux-gnu-" ARCH=arm64 KBUILD_OUTPUT=out/'
crosc64 make defconfig
crosc64 make dt_binding_check

Errors:

No rule to make target 'Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i3c/snps,dw-i3c-master.example.dtb', needed by 'dt_binding_check'. Stop.

Please revert/drop from next.

Best regards,
Krzysztof

Masahiro Yamada May 9, 2024, 7:36 p.m. UTC | #2

On Thu, May 9, 2024 at 5:59 PM Krzysztof Kozlowski <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On 27/04/2024 16:55, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > Kbuild conventionally uses $(obj)/ for generated files, and $(src)/ for
> > checked-in source files. It is merely a convention without any functional
> > difference. In fact, $(obj) and $(src) are exactly the same, as defined
> > in scripts/Makefile.build:
> >
> >     src := $(obj)
> >
> > When the kernel is built in a separate output directory, $(src) does
> > not accurately reflect the source directory location. While Kbuild
> > resolves this discrepancy by specifying VPATH=$(srctree) to search for
> > source files, it does not cover all cases. For example, when adding a
> > header search path for local headers, -I$(srctree)/$(src) is typically
> > passed to the compiler.
> >
> > This introduces inconsistency between upstream and downstream Makefiles
> > because $(src) is used instead of $(srctree)/$(src) for the latter.
> >
> > To address this inconsistency, this commit changes the semantics of
> > $(src) so that it always points to the directory in the source tree.
> >
> > Going forward, the variables used in Makefiles will have the following
> > meanings:
> >
> >   $(obj)     - directory in the object tree
> >   $(src)     - directory in the source tree  (changed by this commit)
> >   $(objtree) - the top of the kernel object tree
> >   $(srctree) - the top of the kernel source tree
> >
> > Consequently, $(srctree)/$(src) in upstream Makefiles need to be replaced
> > with $(src).
> >
>
> This patch, since yesterday's next, causes build issues with my
> (completely) standard and typical workflow:
>
> alias crosc64='CROSS_COMPILE="ccache aarch64-linux-gnu-" ARCH=arm64 KBUILD_OUTPUT=out/'
> crosc64 make defconfig
> crosc64 make dt_binding_check
>
> Errors:
>
> No rule to make target 'Documentation/devicetree/bindings/i3c/snps,dw-i3c-master.example.dtb', needed by 'dt_binding_check'. Stop.
>
> Please revert/drop from next.


Or, fix the code.


Now fixed. Thanks for the report.

Rick Edgecombe June 27, 2024, 5:13 p.m. UTC | #3

On Fri, 2024-05-10 at 04:36 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> 
> Or, fix the code.
> 
> 
> Now fixed. Thanks for the report.
> 

Hi,

This commit broke my build in a similar way:
make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 M=arch/x86/kvm/
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux-tdx-kvm-out'
/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux/scripts/Makefile.build:41: arch/x86/kvm/Makefile: No
such file or directory
make[3]: *** No rule to make target 'arch/x86/kvm/Makefile'.  Stop.
make[2]: *** [/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux/Makefile:1934: arch/x86/kvm] Error 2
make[1]: *** [/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux/Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux-tdx-kvm-out'
make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2

This patch didn’t fix it:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[e-mail]/

But reverting b1992c3772e6 ("kbuild: use $(src) instead of $(srctree)/$(src) for
source directory") does.

I'm guess it has something to do with the "M=" option because:
make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko
arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko

...works.

Masahiro Yamada June 28, 2024, 2:13 a.m. UTC | #4

On Fri, Jun 28, 2024 at 2:14 AM Edgecombe, Rick P
<[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On Fri, 2024-05-10 at 04:36 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> >
> > Or, fix the code.
> >
> >
> > Now fixed. Thanks for the report.
> >
>
> Hi,
>
> This commit broke my build in a similar way:
> make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 M=arch/x86/kvm/
> make[1]: Entering directory '/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux-tdx-kvm-out'
> /home/rpedgeco/repos/linux/scripts/Makefile.build:41: arch/x86/kvm/Makefile: No
> such file or directory
> make[3]: *** No rule to make target 'arch/x86/kvm/Makefile'.  Stop.
> make[2]: *** [/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux/Makefile:1934: arch/x86/kvm] Error 2
> make[1]: *** [/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux/Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
> make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/rpedgeco/repos/linux-tdx-kvm-out'
> make: *** [Makefile:240: __sub-make] Error 2
>
> This patch didn’t fix it:
> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[e-mail]/
>
> But reverting b1992c3772e6 ("kbuild: use $(src) instead of $(srctree)/$(src) for
> source directory") does.
>
> I'm guess it has something to do with the "M=" option because:
> make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko
> arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
>
> ...works.



There are two solutions, depending on what you want to achieve.

The official way is to pass the absolute path to M=
(or relative path to ../linux-tdm-kvm-out)

The other unofficial way is to pass VPATH.
The external module build does not officially support
the separate output directory, but you can still
do it in this case.

[1] will work like before.



[1] Output module objects to linux-tdm-kvm-out/arch/x86/kvm/ (unofficial)


$ make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 M=arch/x86/kvm VPATH=$(pwd)


[2] Output the module objects into arch/x86/kvm/ of the source tree (official)


$ make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 M=$(realpath arch/x86/kvm)

Rick Edgecombe June 28, 2024, 9:23 p.m. UTC | #5

On Fri, 2024-06-28 at 11:13 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> There are two solutions, depending on what you want to achieve.
> 
> The official way is to pass the absolute path to M=
> (or relative path to ../linux-tdm-kvm-out)
> 
> The other unofficial way is to pass VPATH.
> The external module build does not officially support
> the separate output directory, but you can still
> do it in this case.
> 
> [1] will work like before.

The absolute path worked, but why not make it use the relative path by default
in this case? "arch/x86/kvm/" shouldn't be confused with an absolute path...

Rick Edgecombe June 28, 2024, 10:54 p.m. UTC | #6

On Fri, 2024-06-28 at 14:23 -0700, Rick Edgecombe wrote:
> On Fri, 2024-06-28 at 11:13 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > There are two solutions, depending on what you want to achieve.
> > 
> > The official way is to pass the absolute path to M=
> > (or relative path to ../linux-tdm-kvm-out)
> > 
> > The other unofficial way is to pass VPATH.
> > The external module build does not officially support
> > the separate output directory, but you can still
> > do it in this case.
> > 
> > [1] will work like before.
> 
> The absolute path worked, but why not make it use the relative path by default
> in this case? "arch/x86/kvm/" shouldn't be confused with an absolute path...

Argh, I missed that make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 M=$(realpath
arch/x86/kvm) will output the the source tree instead of the output directory.

So there is no official way to build just a module to the output directory? And
it just accidentally worked all these years? IMO it's a nice feature to have.
I've especially found it useful when doing virtualization development where you
need to build/test guest and host kernels as the same time.

Or was it just now delegated to unofficial support after this patch?

Masahiro Yamada July 2, 2024, 9:12 a.m. UTC | #7

On Sat, Jun 29, 2024 at 6:24 AM Edgecombe, Rick P
<[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On Fri, 2024-06-28 at 11:13 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > There are two solutions, depending on what you want to achieve.
> >
> > The official way is to pass the absolute path to M=
> > (or relative path to ../linux-tdm-kvm-out)
> >
> > The other unofficial way is to pass VPATH.
> > The external module build does not officially support
> > the separate output directory, but you can still
> > do it in this case.
> >
> > [1] will work like before.
>
> The absolute path worked, but why not make it use the relative path by default
> in this case? "arch/x86/kvm/" shouldn't be confused with an absolute path...




If you give a relative path to the M= option,
it is relative to the top of the build tree,
not relative to the top of the source tree.


If you use the relative path correctly,
it is interchangeable with the absolute path.


It did not work as you expected because
you used it in the wrong way.

Masahiro Yamada July 2, 2024, 9:15 a.m. UTC | #8

On Sat, Jun 29, 2024 at 7:54 AM Edgecombe, Rick P
<[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On Fri, 2024-06-28 at 14:23 -0700, Rick Edgecombe wrote:
> > On Fri, 2024-06-28 at 11:13 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > > There are two solutions, depending on what you want to achieve.
> > >
> > > The official way is to pass the absolute path to M=
> > > (or relative path to ../linux-tdm-kvm-out)
> > >
> > > The other unofficial way is to pass VPATH.
> > > The external module build does not officially support
> > > the separate output directory, but you can still
> > > do it in this case.
> > >
> > > [1] will work like before.
> >
> > The absolute path worked, but why not make it use the relative path by default
> > in this case? "arch/x86/kvm/" shouldn't be confused with an absolute path...
>
> Argh, I missed that make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 M=$(realpath
> arch/x86/kvm) will output the the source tree instead of the output directory.
>
> So there is no official way to build just a module to the output directory?


You already know how to do it:

#I'm guess it has something to do with the "M=" option because:
#make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko
#arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
#
#...works.




> And
> it just accidentally worked all these years? IMO it's a nice feature to have.
> I've especially found it useful when doing virtualization development where you
> need to build/test guest and host kernels as the same time.
>
> Or was it just now delegated to unofficial support after this patch?


No.
The M= option is intended for building external modules.
You just abused it to build the upstream modules.

Kbuild has never supported building external modules in a separate
output directory.


"delegated to unofficial support" is a wrong statement,
as it has never officially supported in the past.


Your way is a workaround that people found happened to work.

Rick Edgecombe July 2, 2024, 4:15 p.m. UTC | #9

On Tue, 2024-07-02 at 18:15 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > So there is no official way to build just a module to the output directory?
> 
> 
> You already know how to do it:
> 
> #I'm guess it has something to do with the "M=" option because:
> #make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko
> #arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
> #
> #...works.

This can build just the module, but not clean just the module.

> 
> 
> 
> 
> > And
> > it just accidentally worked all these years? IMO it's a nice feature to
> > have.
> > I've especially found it useful when doing virtualization development where
> > you
> > need to build/test guest and host kernels as the same time.
> > 
> > Or was it just now delegated to unofficial support after this patch?
> 
> 
> No.
> The M= option is intended for building external modules.
> You just abused it to build the upstream modules.
> 
> Kbuild has never supported building external modules in a separate
> output directory.
> 
> 
> "delegated to unofficial support" is a wrong statement,
> as it has never officially supported in the past.
> 
> 
> Your way is a workaround that people found happened to work.

The main point is that the old behavior was useful. It seems the change that
broke my workflow was intended to make it easier to maintain out-of-tree
modules? If so then aren't we taking away useful behavior for in-tree module
development to help out-of-tree modules?

Can you at least support VPATH method going forward? Although I am surprised I'm
the only one that hit this. I assumed this was a common usage.

Masahiro Yamada July 2, 2024, 5:46 p.m. UTC | #10

On Wed, Jul 3, 2024 at 1:15 AM Edgecombe, Rick P
<[e-mail]> wrote:
>
> On Tue, 2024-07-02 at 18:15 +0900, Masahiro Yamada wrote:
> > > So there is no official way to build just a module to the output directory?
> >
> >
> > You already know how to do it:
> >
> > #I'm guess it has something to do with the "M=" option because:
> > #make ARCH=x86_64 O=../linux-tdx-kvm-out/ -j36 arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko
> > #arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
> > #
> > #...works.
>
> This can build just the module, but not clean just the module.
>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > > And
> > > it just accidentally worked all these years? IMO it's a nice feature to
> > > have.
> > > I've especially found it useful when doing virtualization development where
> > > you
> > > need to build/test guest and host kernels as the same time.
> > >
> > > Or was it just now delegated to unofficial support after this patch?
> >
> >
> > No.
> > The M= option is intended for building external modules.
> > You just abused it to build the upstream modules.
> >
> > Kbuild has never supported building external modules in a separate
> > output directory.
> >
> >
> > "delegated to unofficial support" is a wrong statement,
> > as it has never officially supported in the past.
> >
> >
> > Your way is a workaround that people found happened to work.
>
> The main point is that the old behavior was useful. It seems the change that
> broke my workflow was intended to make it easier to maintain out-of-tree
> modules? If so then aren't we taking away useful behavior for in-tree module
> development to help out-of-tree modules?


No.  I never meant to prioritize the external module builds.

I believe b1992c3772e69a6fd0e3fc81cd4d2820c8b6eca0 is the
right thing to do. That's all.



> Can you at least support VPATH method going forward? Although I am surprised I'm
> the only one that hit this. I assumed this was a common usage.


VPATH will be broken when a big change happens again
for external module builds.
That is what "unsupported" and "unofficial" mean.

Patch

diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index b68f8c816897..66d15fff2089 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -76,22 +76,22 @@  loop_cmd = $(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1)) || exit;
 #    * dest folder relative to $(BUILDDIR) and
 #    * cache folder relative to $(BUILDDIR)/.doctrees
 # $4 dest subfolder e.g. "man" for man pages at userspace-api/media/man
-# $5 reST source folder relative to $(srctree)/$(src),
+# $5 reST source folder relative to $(src),
 #    e.g. "userspace-api/media" for the linux-tv book-set at ./Documentation/userspace-api/media
 
 quiet_cmd_sphinx = SPHINX  $@ --> file://$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/$3/$4)
       cmd_sphinx = $(MAKE) BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) $(build)=Documentation/userspace-api/media $2 && \
 	PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
-	BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) SPHINX_CONF=$(abspath $(srctree)/$(src)/$5/$(SPHINX_CONF)) \
+	BUILDDIR=$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)) SPHINX_CONF=$(abspath $(src)/$5/$(SPHINX_CONF)) \
 	$(PYTHON3) $(srctree)/scripts/jobserver-exec \
 	$(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/Documentation/sphinx/parallel-wrapper.sh \
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) \
 	-b $2 \
-	-c $(abspath $(srctree)/$(src)) \
+	-c $(abspath $(src)) \
 	-d $(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/.doctrees/$3) \
 	-D version=$(KERNELVERSION) -D release=$(KERNELRELEASE) \
 	$(ALLSPHINXOPTS) \
-	$(abspath $(srctree)/$(src)/$5) \
+	$(abspath $(src)/$5) \
 	$(abspath $(BUILDDIR)/$3/$4) && \
 	if [ "x$(DOCS_CSS)" != "x" ]; then \
 		cp $(if $(patsubst /%,,$(DOCS_CSS)),$(abspath $(srctree)/$(DOCS_CSS)),$(DOCS_CSS)) $(BUILDDIR)/$3/_static/; \
diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/Makefile b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/Makefile
index 8cdda477987f..bf7d64632e20 100644
--- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/Makefile
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@  quiet_cmd_extract_ex = DTEX    $@
 $(obj)/%.example.dts: $(src)/%.yaml check_dtschema_version FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,extract_ex)
 
-find_all_cmd = find $(srctree)/$(src) \( -name '*.yaml' ! \
+find_all_cmd = find $(src) \( -name '*.yaml' ! \
 		-name 'processed-schema*' \)
 
 find_cmd = $(find_all_cmd) | \
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@  CHK_DT_EXAMPLES := $(patsubst $(srctree)/%.yaml,%.example.dtb, $(shell $(find_cm
 quiet_cmd_yamllint = LINT    $(src)
       cmd_yamllint = ($(find_cmd) | \
                      xargs -n200 -P$$(nproc) \
-		     $(DT_SCHEMA_LINT) -f parsable -c $(srctree)/$(src)/.yamllint >&2) \
+		     $(DT_SCHEMA_LINT) -f parsable -c $(src)/.yamllint >&2) \
 		     && touch $@ || true
 
 quiet_cmd_chk_bindings = CHKDT   $(src)
       cmd_chk_bindings = ($(find_cmd) | \
-			  xargs -n200 -P$$(nproc) $(DT_DOC_CHECKER) -u $(srctree)/$(src)) \
+			  xargs -n200 -P$$(nproc) $(DT_DOC_CHECKER) -u $(src)) \
 			  && touch $@ || true
 
 quiet_cmd_mk_schema = SCHEMA  $@
diff --git a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
index ad118b7a1806..991ce6081e35 100644
--- a/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
+++ b/Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@  ccflags-y, asflags-y and ldflags-y
   Example::
 
     #arch/cris/boot/compressed/Makefile
-    ldflags-y += -T $(srctree)/$(src)/decompress_$(arch-y).lds
+    ldflags-y += -T $(src)/decompress_$(arch-y).lds
 
 subdir-ccflags-y, subdir-asflags-y
   The two flags listed above are similar to ccflags-y and asflags-y.
@@ -426,14 +426,14 @@  path to prerequisite files and target files.
 Two variables are used when defining custom rules:
 
 $(src)
-  $(src) is a relative path which points to the directory
-  where the Makefile is located. Always use $(src) when
+  $(src) is the directory where the Makefile is located. Always use $(src) when
   referring to files located in the src tree.
 
 $(obj)
-  $(obj) is a relative path which points to the directory
-  where the target is saved. Always use $(obj) when
-  referring to generated files.
+  $(obj) is the directory where the target is saved. Always use $(obj) when
+  referring to generated files. Use $(obj) for pattern rules that need to work
+  for both generated files and real sources (VPATH will help to find the
+  prerequisites not only in the object tree but also in the source tree).
 
   Example::
 
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 949b73bf6d0d..a1c19979e13e 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -263,7 +263,14 @@  srctree := $(abs_srctree)
 endif
 
 objtree		:= .
+
+VPATH		:=
+
+ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
+ifdef building_out_of_srctree
 VPATH		:= $(srctree)
+endif
+endif
 
 export building_out_of_srctree srctree objtree VPATH
 
diff --git a/arch/arc/boot/dts/Makefile b/arch/arc/boot/dts/Makefile
index 4237aa5de3a3..48704dfdf75c 100644
--- a/arch/arc/boot/dts/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arc/boot/dts/Makefile
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@  obj-y   += $(builtindtb-y).dtb.o
 dtb-y := $(builtindtb-y).dtb
 
 # for CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS test
-dtstree	:= $(srctree)/$(src)
-dtb-	:= $(patsubst $(dtstree)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(dtstree)/*.dts))
+dtb-	:= $(patsubst $(src)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(src)/*.dts))
 
 # board-specific dtc flags
 DTC_FLAGS_hsdk += --pad 20
diff --git a/arch/arm/Kbuild b/arch/arm/Kbuild
index b506622e7e23..69de6b6243c7 100644
--- a/arch/arm/Kbuild
+++ b/arch/arm/Kbuild
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 obj-$(CONFIG_FPE_NWFPE)		+= nwfpe/
 # Put arch/arm/fastfpe/ to use this.
-obj-$(CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE)	+= $(patsubst $(srctree)/$(src)/%,%,$(wildcard $(srctree)/$(src)/fastfpe/))
+obj-$(CONFIG_FPE_FASTFPE)	+= $(patsubst $(src)/%,%,$(wildcard $(src)/fastfpe/))
 obj-$(CONFIG_VFP)		+= vfp/
 obj-$(CONFIG_XEN)		+= xen/
 obj-$(CONFIG_VDSO)		+= vdso/
diff --git a/arch/arm/boot/Makefile b/arch/arm/boot/Makefile
index abd6a2889fd0..ba9b9a802469 100644
--- a/arch/arm/boot/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/boot/Makefile
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@  targets := Image zImage xipImage bootpImage uImage
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL),y)
 
-cmd_deflate_xip_data = $(CONFIG_SHELL) -c \
-	'$(srctree)/$(src)/deflate_xip_data.sh $< $@'
+cmd_deflate_xip_data = $(CONFIG_SHELL) -c '$(src)/deflate_xip_data.sh $< $@'
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_XIP_DEFLATED_DATA),y)
 quiet_cmd_mkxip = XIPZ    $@
diff --git a/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile b/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile
index 713827bef831..988c49672715 100644
--- a/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/mach-s3c/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 
 #
 # Copyright 2009 Simtec Electronics
 
-include $(srctree)/$(src)/Makefile.s3c64xx
+include $(src)/Makefile.s3c64xx
 
 # Objects we always build independent of SoC choice
 
diff --git a/arch/arm/plat-orion/Makefile b/arch/arm/plat-orion/Makefile
index 830b0be038c6..e8c7580df8ca 100644
--- a/arch/arm/plat-orion/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/plat-orion/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
-ccflags-y := -I$(srctree)/$(src)/include
+ccflags-y := -I$(src)/include
 
 orion-gpio-$(CONFIG_GPIOLIB)      += gpio.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PLAT_ORION_LEGACY)   += irq.o pcie.o time.o common.o mpp.o
diff --git a/arch/arm/tools/Makefile b/arch/arm/tools/Makefile
index 81f13bdf32f2..28b6da8ac5f6 100644
--- a/arch/arm/tools/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm/tools/Makefile
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@  gen := arch/$(ARCH)/include/generated
 kapi := $(gen)/asm
 uapi := $(gen)/uapi/asm
 syshdr := $(srctree)/scripts/syscallhdr.sh
-sysnr := $(srctree)/$(src)/syscallnr.sh
+sysnr := $(src)/syscallnr.sh
 systbl := $(srctree)/scripts/syscalltbl.sh
 syscall := $(src)/syscall.tbl
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile
index 8818287f1095..53e86d3bc159 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@  $(obj)/%.so: $(obj)/%.so.dbg FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,objcopy)
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
       cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kvm/Makefile
index c0c050e53157..ab474d444cef 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Makefile for Kernel-based Virtual Machine module
 #
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)
 
 include $(srctree)/virt/kvm/Makefile.kvm
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@  define rule_gen_hyp_constants
 	$(call filechk,offsets,__HYP_CONSTANTS_H__)
 endef
 
-CFLAGS_hyp-constants.o = -I $(srctree)/$(src)/hyp/include
+CFLAGS_hyp-constants.o = -I $(src)/hyp/include
 $(obj)/hyp-constants.s: $(src)/hyp/hyp-constants.c FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)
 
diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile
index a38dea6186c9..d61e44642f98 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Makefile for Kernel-based Virtual Machine module, HYP part
 #
 
-incdir := $(srctree)/$(src)/include
+incdir := $(src)/include
 subdir-asflags-y := -I$(incdir)
 subdir-ccflags-y := -I$(incdir)
 
diff --git a/arch/csky/boot/dts/Makefile b/arch/csky/boot/dts/Makefile
index 5f1f55e911ad..aabffc1912e8 100644
--- a/arch/csky/boot/dts/Makefile
+++ b/arch/csky/boot/dts/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-dtstree	:= $(srctree)/$(src)
-
-dtb-y := $(patsubst $(dtstree)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(dtstree)/*.dts))
+dtb-y := $(patsubst $(src)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(src)/*.dts))
diff --git a/arch/csky/kernel/vdso/Makefile b/arch/csky/kernel/vdso/Makefile
index 24a01c22293e..e79a725f5075 100644
--- a/arch/csky/kernel/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/csky/kernel/vdso/Makefile
@@ -57,4 +57,4 @@  quiet_cmd_vdsold = VDSOLD  $@
 # Extracts symbol offsets from the VDSO, converting them into an assembly file
 # that contains the same symbols at the same offsets.
 quiet_cmd_so2s = SO2S    $@
-      cmd_so2s = $(NM) -D $< | $(srctree)/$(src)/so2s.sh > $@
+      cmd_so2s = $(NM) -D $< | $(src)/so2s.sh > $@
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/kvm/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/kvm/Makefile
index 244467d7792a..b2f4cbe01ae8 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/kvm/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/kvm/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Makefile for LoongArch KVM support
 #
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)
 
 include $(srctree)/virt/kvm/Makefile.kvm
 
diff --git a/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile b/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile
index 75c6726382c3..cdfc4c793e2c 100644
--- a/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/loongarch/vdso/Makefile
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdsoas_o_S = AS       $@
       cmd_vdsoas_o_S = $(CC) $(a_flags) -c -o $@ $<
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
       cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/mips/kernel/syscalls/Makefile b/arch/mips/kernel/syscalls/Makefile
index e6b21de65cca..56f6f093bb88 100644
--- a/arch/mips/kernel/syscalls/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/kernel/syscalls/Makefile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@  uapi := arch/$(SRCARCH)/include/generated/uapi/asm
 $(shell mkdir -p $(uapi) $(kapi))
 
 syshdr := $(srctree)/scripts/syscallhdr.sh
-sysnr := $(srctree)/$(src)/syscallnr.sh
+sysnr := $(src)/syscallnr.sh
 systbl := $(srctree)/scripts/syscalltbl.sh
 
 quiet_cmd_syshdr = SYSHDR  $@
diff --git a/arch/mips/vdso/Makefile b/arch/mips/vdso/Makefile
index eb56581f6d73..40b839e91806 100644
--- a/arch/mips/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/vdso/Makefile
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@  CFLAGS_vgettimeofday.o = -include $(c-gettimeofday-y)
 # config-n32-o32-env.c prepares the environment to build a 32bit vDSO
 # library on a 64bit kernel.
 # Note: Needs to be included before than the generic library.
-CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-o32.o = -include $(srctree)/$(src)/config-n32-o32-env.c -include $(c-gettimeofday-y)
-CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-n32.o = -include $(srctree)/$(src)/config-n32-o32-env.c -include $(c-gettimeofday-y)
+CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-o32.o = -include $(src)/config-n32-o32-env.c -include $(c-gettimeofday-y)
+CFLAGS_vgettimeofday-n32.o = -include $(src)/config-n32-o32-env.c -include $(c-gettimeofday-y)
 endif
 
 CFLAGS_REMOVE_vgettimeofday.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
diff --git a/arch/nios2/boot/dts/Makefile b/arch/nios2/boot/dts/Makefile
index e9e31bb40df8..1a2e8996bec7 100644
--- a/arch/nios2/boot/dts/Makefile
+++ b/arch/nios2/boot/dts/Makefile
@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@ 
 
 obj-y := $(patsubst %.dts,%.dtb.o,$(CONFIG_NIOS2_DTB_SOURCE))
 
-dtstree		:= $(srctree)/$(src)
-dtb-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) := $(patsubst $(dtstree)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(dtstree)/*.dts))
+dtb-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) := $(patsubst $(src)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(src)/*.dts))
diff --git a/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso32/Makefile b/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
index 60dc708a0f80..1350d50c6306 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
+++ b/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso32as = VDSO32A $@
       cmd_vdso32as = $(CROSS32CC) $(a_flags) -c -o $@ $<
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
 	cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso64/Makefile b/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
index 0982f3099ae2..0b1c1cc4c2c7 100644
--- a/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/parisc/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso64as = VDSO64A $@
       cmd_vdso64as = $(CC) $(a_flags) -c -o $@ $<
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
 	cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile
index 968aee2025b8..a0b3b5cc14cd 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/boot/Makefile
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@  $(addprefix $(obj)/,$(libfdt) $(libfdtheader)): $(obj)/%: $(srctree)/scripts/dtc
 $(obj)/empty.c:
 	$(Q)touch $@
 
-$(obj)/zImage.coff.lds $(obj)/zImage.ps3.lds : $(obj)/%: $(srctree)/$(src)/%.S
+$(obj)/zImage.coff.lds $(obj)/zImage.ps3.lds : $(obj)/%: $(src)/%.S
 	$(Q)cp $< $@
 
 clean-files := $(zlib-) $(zlibheader-) $(zliblinuxheader-) \
@@ -252,9 +252,9 @@  targets		+= $(patsubst $(obj)/%,%,$(obj-boot) wrapper.a) zImage.lds
 extra-y		:= $(obj)/wrapper.a $(obj-plat) $(obj)/empty.o \
 		   $(obj)/zImage.lds $(obj)/zImage.coff.lds $(obj)/zImage.ps3.lds
 
-dtstree		:= $(srctree)/$(src)/dts
+dtstree		:= $(src)/dts
 
-wrapper		:=$(srctree)/$(src)/wrapper
+wrapper		:= $(src)/wrapper
 wrapperbits	:= $(extra-y) $(addprefix $(obj)/,addnote hack-coff mktree) \
 			$(wrapper) FORCE
 
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/Makefile
index fb335d05aae8..0cd0d8558b47 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/Makefile
@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@ 
 
 subdir-y += fsl
 
-dtstree		:= $(srctree)/$(src)
-dtb-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) := $(patsubst $(dtstree)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(dtstree)/*.dts))
+dtb-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) := $(patsubst $(src)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(src)/*.dts))
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/fsl/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/fsl/Makefile
index 3bae982641e9..d3ecdf14bc42 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/fsl/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/boot/dts/fsl/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-dtstree		:= $(srctree)/$(src)
-dtb-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) := $(patsubst $(dtstree)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(dtstree)/*.dts))
+dtb-$(CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS) := $(patsubst $(src)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(src)/*.dts))
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile
index a14eab366993..7d66b6e07993 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/vdso/Makefile
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@  $(obj)/vgettimeofday-64.o: %-64.o: %.c FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,cc_o_c)
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdso32sym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso32_offsets.sh
+gen-vdso32sym := $(src)/gen_vdso32_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdso32sym = VDSO32SYM $@
       cmd_vdso32sym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdso32sym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
-gen-vdso64sym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso64_offsets.sh
+gen-vdso64sym := $(src)/gen_vdso64_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdso64sym = VDSO64SYM $@
       cmd_vdso64sym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdso64sym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/compat_vdso/Makefile b/arch/riscv/kernel/compat_vdso/Makefile
index 3df4cb788c1f..362208dfa7ee 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kernel/compat_vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/compat_vdso/Makefile
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@  $(obj)/%.so: $(obj)/%.so.dbg FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,objcopy)
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-compat_vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_compat_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-compat_vdsosym := $(src)/gen_compat_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_compat_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
 	cmd_compat_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-compat_vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile b/arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile
index 272c431ac5b9..25f0ee629971 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/vdso/Makefile
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@  $(obj)/%.so: $(obj)/%.so.dbg FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,objcopy)
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
 	cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/riscv/kvm/Makefile b/arch/riscv/kvm/Makefile
index c9646521f113..c2cacfbc06a0 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/kvm/Makefile
+++ b/arch/riscv/kvm/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Makefile for RISC-V KVM support
 #
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)
 
 include $(srctree)/virt/kvm/Makefile.kvm
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls/Makefile
index fb85e797946d..1bb78b9468e8 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/syscalls/Makefile
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@  gen	:= arch/$(ARCH)/include/generated
 kapi	:= $(gen)/asm
 uapi	:= $(gen)/uapi/asm
 
-syscall	:= $(srctree)/$(src)/syscall.tbl
-systbl	:= $(srctree)/$(src)/syscalltbl
+syscall	:= $(src)/syscall.tbl
+systbl	:= $(src)/syscalltbl
 
 gen-y := $(kapi)/syscall_table.h
 kapi-hdrs-y := $(kapi)/unistd_nr.h
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
index 70e9949c2612..c263b91adfb1 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/Makefile
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso32cc = VDSO32C $@
       cmd_vdso32cc = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
 	cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
index 2b3617b6d162..9566bed7d5b2 100644
--- a/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
+++ b/arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/Makefile
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso64cc = VDSO64C $@
       cmd_vdso64cc = $(CC) $(c_flags) -c -o $@ $<
 
 # Generate VDSO offsets using helper script
-gen-vdsosym := $(srctree)/$(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
+gen-vdsosym := $(src)/gen_vdso_offsets.sh
 quiet_cmd_vdsosym = VDSOSYM $@
 	cmd_vdsosym = $(NM) $< | $(gen-vdsosym) | LC_ALL=C sort > $@
 
diff --git a/arch/sparc/vdso/Makefile b/arch/sparc/vdso/Makefile
index e8aef2c8ae99..0fe134abbcf1 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/sparc/vdso/Makefile
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso = VDSO    $@
       cmd_vdso = $(LD) -nostdlib -o $@ \
 		       $(VDSO_LDFLAGS) $(VDSO_LDFLAGS_$(filter %.lds,$(^F))) \
 		       -T $(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^) && \
-		sh $(srctree)/$(src)/checkundef.sh '$(OBJDUMP)' '$@'
+		sh $(src)/checkundef.sh '$(OBJDUMP)' '$@'
 
 VDSO_LDFLAGS = -shared --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1 -Bsymbolic
 GCOV_PROFILE := n
diff --git a/arch/um/kernel/Makefile b/arch/um/kernel/Makefile
index 811188be954c..f8567b933ffa 100644
--- a/arch/um/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/kernel/Makefile
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@  $(obj)/config.c: $(src)/config.c.in $(obj)/config.tmp FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,quote2)
 
 quiet_cmd_mkcapflags = MKCAP   $@
-      cmd_mkcapflags = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/$(src)/../../x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh $@ $^
+      cmd_mkcapflags = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(src)/../../x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh $@ $^
 
 cpufeature = $(src)/../../x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
 vmxfeature = $(src)/../../x86/include/asm/vmxfeatures.h
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile
index 3cece19b7473..29cda98c65f8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/Makefile
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@  targets += mtools.conf
 # genimage.sh requires bash, but it also has a bunch of other
 # external dependencies.
 quiet_cmd_genimage = GENIMAGE $3
-cmd_genimage = $(BASH) $(srctree)/$(src)/genimage.sh $2 $3 $(obj)/bzImage \
+      cmd_genimage = $(BASH) $(src)/genimage.sh $2 $3 $(obj)/bzImage \
 		$(obj)/mtools.conf '$(FDARGS)' $(FDINITRD)
 
 PHONY += bzdisk fdimage fdimage144 fdimage288 hdimage isoimage
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
index 3d64bcc403cf..c003452dba8c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/vdso/Makefile
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso = VDSO    $@
       cmd_vdso = $(LD) -o $@ \
 		       $(VDSO_LDFLAGS) $(VDSO_LDFLAGS_$(filter %.lds,$(^F))) \
 		       -T $(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^) && \
-		 sh $(srctree)/$(src)/checkundef.sh '$(NM)' '$@'
+		 sh $(src)/checkundef.sh '$(NM)' '$@'
 
 VDSO_LDFLAGS = -shared --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1 \
 	$(call ld-option, --eh-frame-hdr) -Bsymbolic -z noexecstack
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
index 74077694da7d..8a9fc9ec69d3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@  KMSAN_SANITIZE_sev.o					:= n
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT_head$(BITS).o				:= n
 KCOV_INSTRUMENT_sev.o					:= n
 
-CFLAGS_irq.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include/asm/trace
+CFLAGS_irq.o := -I $(src)/../include/asm/trace
 
 obj-y			+= head_$(BITS).o
 obj-y			+= head$(BITS).o
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
index eb4dbcdf41f1..a02bba0ed6b9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@  obj-$(CONFIG_ACRN_GUEST)		+= acrn.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)			+= debugfs.o
 
 quiet_cmd_mkcapflags = MKCAP   $@
-      cmd_mkcapflags = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(srctree)/$(src)/mkcapflags.sh $@ $^
+      cmd_mkcapflags = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $(src)/mkcapflags.sh $@ $^
 
 cpufeature = $(src)/../../include/asm/cpufeatures.h
 vmxfeature = $(src)/../../include/asm/vmxfeatures.h
diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/Makefile b/arch/x86/mm/Makefile
index 428048e73bd2..8d3a00e5c528 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/Makefile
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@  obj-y				+= pat/
 CFLAGS_physaddr.o		:= -fno-stack-protector
 CFLAGS_mem_encrypt_identity.o	:= -fno-stack-protector
 
-CFLAGS_fault.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include/asm/trace
+CFLAGS_fault.o := -I $(src)/../include/asm/trace
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_32)		+= pgtable_32.o iomap_32.o
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
index b86d634730b2..2303fa59971c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@  quiet_cmd_vdso = VDSO    $@
       cmd_vdso = $(CC) -nostdlib -o $@ \
 		       $(CC_FLAGS_LTO) $(VDSO_LDFLAGS) $(VDSO_LDFLAGS_$(filter %.lds,$(^F))) \
 		       -Wl,-T,$(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^) && \
-		 sh $(srctree)/$(src)/checkundef.sh '$(NM)' '$@'
+		 sh $(src)/checkundef.sh '$(NM)' '$@'
 
 VDSO_LDFLAGS = -fPIC -shared -Wl,--hash-style=sysv -z noexecstack
 GCOV_PROFILE := n
diff --git a/arch/xtensa/boot/dts/Makefile b/arch/xtensa/boot/dts/Makefile
index 720628c0d8b9..d6408c16d74e 100644
--- a/arch/xtensa/boot/dts/Makefile
+++ b/arch/xtensa/boot/dts/Makefile
@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@ 
 obj-$(CONFIG_OF) += $(addsuffix .dtb.o, $(CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB_SOURCE))
 
 # for CONFIG_OF_ALL_DTBS test
-dtstree	:= $(srctree)/$(src)
-dtb-	:= $(patsubst $(dtstree)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(dtstree)/*.dts))
+dtb-	:= $(patsubst $(src)/%.dts,%.dtb, $(wildcard $(src)/*.dts))
diff --git a/certs/Makefile b/certs/Makefile
index 799ad7b9e68a..1094e3860c2a 100644
--- a/certs/Makefile
+++ b/certs/Makefile
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@  CFLAGS_blacklist_hashes.o := -I $(obj)
 quiet_cmd_check_and_copy_blacklist_hash_list = GEN     $@
       cmd_check_and_copy_blacklist_hash_list = \
 	$(if $(CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST), \
-	$(AWK) -f $(srctree)/$(src)/check-blacklist-hashes.awk $(CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST) >&2; \
+	$(AWK) -f $(src)/check-blacklist-hashes.awk $(CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST) >&2; \
 	{ cat $(CONFIG_SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_HASH_LIST); echo $(comma) NULL; } > $@, \
 	echo NULL > $@)
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@  $(obj)/signing_key.pem: $(obj)/x509.genkey FORCE
 targets += signing_key.pem
 
 quiet_cmd_copy_x509_config = COPY    $@
-      cmd_copy_x509_config = cat $(srctree)/$(src)/default_x509.genkey > $@
+      cmd_copy_x509_config = cat $(src)/default_x509.genkey > $@
 
 # You can provide your own config file. If not present, copy the default one.
 $(obj)/x509.genkey:
diff --git a/drivers/Makefile b/drivers/Makefile
index 3bf5cab4b451..fe9ceb0d2288 100644
--- a/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/Makefile
@@ -6,11 +6,6 @@ 
 # Rewritten to use lists instead of if-statements.
 #
 
-# Some driver Makefiles miss $(srctree)/ for include directive.
-ifdef building_out_of_srctree
-MAKEFLAGS += --include-dir=$(srctree)
-endif
-
 obj-y				+= cache/
 obj-y				+= irqchip/
 obj-y				+= bus/
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_420xx/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_420xx/Makefile
index a90fbe00b3c8..45728659fbc4 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_420xx/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_420xx/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_420XX) += qat_420xx.o
 qat_420xx-objs := adf_drv.o adf_420xx_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_4xxx/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_4xxx/Makefile
index ff9c8b5897ea..9ba202079a22 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_4xxx/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_4xxx/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (BSD-3-Clause OR GPL-2.0-only)
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_4XXX) += qat_4xxx.o
 qat_4xxx-objs := adf_drv.o adf_4xxx_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxx/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxx/Makefile
index 92ef416ccc78..7a06ad519bfc 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxx/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxx/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_C3XXX) += qat_c3xxx.o
 qat_c3xxx-objs := adf_drv.o adf_c3xxx_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxxvf/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxxvf/Makefile
index b6d76825a92c..7ef633058c4f 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxxvf/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c3xxxvf/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_C3XXXVF) += qat_c3xxxvf.o
 qat_c3xxxvf-objs := adf_drv.o adf_c3xxxvf_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62x/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62x/Makefile
index d581f7c87d6c..cc9255b3b198 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62x/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62x/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_C62X) += qat_c62x.o
 qat_c62x-objs := adf_drv.o adf_c62x_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62xvf/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62xvf/Makefile
index 446c3d638605..256786662d60 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62xvf/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_c62xvf/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_C62XVF) += qat_c62xvf.o
 qat_c62xvf-objs := adf_drv.o adf_c62xvf_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xcc/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xcc/Makefile
index 38d6f8e1624a..cfd3bd757715 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xcc/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xcc/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_DH895xCC) += qat_dh895xcc.o
 qat_dh895xcc-objs := adf_drv.o adf_dh895xcc_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xccvf/Makefile b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xccvf/Makefile
index 0153c85ce743..64b54e92b2b4 100644
--- a/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xccvf/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/crypto/intel/qat/qat_dh895xccvf/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../qat_common
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../qat_common
 obj-$(CONFIG_CRYPTO_DEV_QAT_DH895xCCVF) += qat_dh895xccvf.o
 qat_dh895xccvf-objs := adf_drv.o adf_dh895xccvf_hw_data.o
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/Makefile
index 4536c8ad0e11..e568e89283c0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/Makefile
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ 
 # Makefile for the drm device driver.  This driver provides support for the
 # Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) in XFree86 4.1.0 and higher.
 
-FULL_AMD_PATH=$(srctree)/$(src)/..
+FULL_AMD_PATH=$(src)/..
 DISPLAY_FOLDER_NAME=display
 FULL_AMD_DISPLAY_PATH = $(FULL_AMD_PATH)/$(DISPLAY_FOLDER_NAME)
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/Makefile
index 1931a7fa1a14..cf5287fcbbc2 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/arm/display/komeda/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 ccflags-y := \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)
+	-I $(src)/../include \
+	-I $(src)
 
 komeda-y := \
 	komeda_drv.o \
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile
index fba73c38e235..2220448ed07f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Makefile
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@  CFLAGS_display/intel_fbdev.o = -Wno-override-init
 # drivers. Define I915 when building i915.
 subdir-ccflags-y += -DI915
 
-subdir-ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/$(src)
+subdir-ccflags-y += -I$(src)
 
 # Please keep these build lists sorted!
 
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@  no-header-test := \
 
 always-$(CONFIG_DRM_I915_WERROR) += \
 	$(patsubst %.h,%.hdrtest, $(filter-out $(no-header-test), \
-		$(shell cd $(srctree)/$(src) && find * -name '*.h')))
+		$(shell cd $(src) && find * -name '*.h')))
 
 quiet_cmd_hdrtest = HDRTEST $(patsubst %.hdrtest,%.h,$@)
       cmd_hdrtest = $(CC) $(filter-out $(CFLAGS_GCOV), $(c_flags)) -S -o /dev/null -x c /dev/null -include $<; \
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/Makefile
index ec6db8e9b403..9bc6a3884c22 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/imagination/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only OR MIT
 # Copyright (c) 2023 Imagination Technologies Ltd.
 
-subdir-ccflags-y := -I$(srctree)/$(src)
+subdir-ccflags-y := -I$(src)
 
 powervr-y := \
 	pvr_ccb.o \
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/Makefile
index b21ae2880c71..b8cc007fc1b9 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/msm/Makefile
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/disp/dpu1
-ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_MSM_DSI) += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/dsi
-ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_MSM_DP) += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/dp
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/disp/dpu1
+ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_MSM_DSI) += -I $(src)/dsi
+ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_MSM_DP) += -I $(src)/dp
 
 msm-y := \
 	adreno/adreno_device.o \
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/Kbuild b/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/Kbuild
index cf6b3a80c0c8..c32c01827c1d 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/Kbuild
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/Kbuild
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@ 
-NOUVEAU_PATH ?= $(srctree)
-
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-ccflags-y += -I $(NOUVEAU_PATH)/$(src)/include
-ccflags-y += -I $(NOUVEAU_PATH)/$(src)/include/nvkm
-ccflags-y += -I $(NOUVEAU_PATH)/$(src)/nvkm
-ccflags-y += -I $(NOUVEAU_PATH)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/include
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/include/nvkm
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/nvkm
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)
 
 # NVKM - HW resource manager
 #- code also used by various userspace tools/tests
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile
index c29a850859ad..8162a522222b 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/xe/Makefile
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@  endif
 # Enable -Werror in CI and development
 subdir-ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_XE_WERROR) += -Werror
 
-subdir-ccflags-y += -I$(obj) -I$(srctree)/$(src)
+subdir-ccflags-y += -I$(obj) -I$(src)
 
 # generated sources
 hostprogs := xe_gen_wa_oob
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@  quiet_cmd_wa_oob = GEN     $(notdir $(generated_oob))
       cmd_wa_oob = mkdir -p $(@D); $^ $(generated_oob)
 
 $(obj)/generated/%_wa_oob.c $(obj)/generated/%_wa_oob.h: $(obj)/xe_gen_wa_oob \
-		 $(srctree)/$(src)/xe_wa_oob.rules
+		 $(src)/xe_wa_oob.rules
 	$(call cmd,wa_oob)
 
 uses_generated_oob := \
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@  endif
 
 # i915 Display compat #defines and #includes
 subdir-ccflags-$(CONFIG_DRM_XE_DISPLAY) += \
-	-I$(srctree)/$(src)/display/ext \
-	-I$(srctree)/$(src)/compat-i915-headers \
+	-I$(src)/display/ext \
+	-I$(src)/compat-i915-headers \
 	-I$(srctree)/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/ \
 	-Ddrm_i915_gem_object=xe_bo \
 	-Ddrm_i915_private=xe_device
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@  ifneq ($(CONFIG_DRM_XE_DISPLAY),y)
 endif
 
 always-$(CONFIG_DRM_XE_WERROR) += \
-	$(patsubst %.h,%.hdrtest, $(shell cd $(srctree)/$(src) && find * -name '*.h' $(hdrtest_find_args)))
+	$(patsubst %.h,%.hdrtest, $(shell cd $(src) && find * -name '*.h' $(hdrtest_find_args)))
 
 quiet_cmd_hdrtest = HDRTEST $(patsubst %.hdrtest,%.h,$@)
       cmd_hdrtest = $(CC) -DHDRTEST $(filter-out $(CFLAGS_GCOV), $(c_flags)) -S -o /dev/null -x c /dev/null -include $<; touch $@
diff --git a/drivers/hid/amd-sfh-hid/Makefile b/drivers/hid/amd-sfh-hid/Makefile
index 0222170ab7ad..106514b54d16 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/amd-sfh-hid/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/hid/amd-sfh-hid/Makefile
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@  amd_sfh-objs += sfh1_1/amd_sfh_init.o
 amd_sfh-objs += sfh1_1/amd_sfh_interface.o
 amd_sfh-objs += sfh1_1/amd_sfh_desc.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/
diff --git a/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/Makefile b/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/Makefile
index f0a82b1c7cb9..db4974c43431 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/hid/intel-ish-hid/Makefile
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@  intel-ishtp-hid-objs += ishtp-hid-client.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_INTEL_ISH_FIRMWARE_DOWNLOADER) += intel-ishtp-loader.o
 intel-ishtp-loader-objs += ishtp-fw-loader.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/ishtp
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/ishtp
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-vdo/Makefile b/drivers/md/dm-vdo/Makefile
index 33e09abc6acd..9476957bfbf4 100644
--- a/drivers/md/dm-vdo/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/md/dm-vdo/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 
-ccflags-y := -I$(srctree)/$(src) -I$(srctree)/$(src)/indexer
+ccflags-y := -I$(src) -I$(src)/indexer
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_VDO) += dm-vdo.o
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/Makefile b/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/Makefile
index 8ebcc68e807f..f6a96931c89a 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/Makefile
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ 
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_AQTION) += atlantic.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I$(src)
 
 atlantic-objs := aq_main.o \
 	aq_nic.o \
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/libcxgb/Makefile b/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/libcxgb/Makefile
index aa79264e72ba..fbedc31674b3 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/libcxgb/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/libcxgb/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../cxgb4
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../cxgb4
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_CHELSIO_LIB) += libcxgb.o
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/fungible/funeth/Makefile b/drivers/net/ethernet/fungible/funeth/Makefile
index 646d69595b4f..d51e4c2b4a1a 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/fungible/funeth/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/fungible/funeth/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-3-Clause)
 
-ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/$(src)/../funcore -I$(srctree)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I$(src)/../funcore -I$(src)
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUN_ETH) += funeth.o
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/Makefile b/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/Makefile
index e214bfaece1f..8e9293e57bfd 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/Makefile
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Makefile for the HISILICON network device drivers.
 #
 
-ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/$(src)
+ccflags-y += -I$(src)
 ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/hns3pf
 ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/hns3vf
 ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/drivers/net/ethernet/hisilicon/hns3/hns3_common
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/Makefile
index dc6d27a36faa..e5ca0f511822 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/Makefile
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ 
 #
 
 ccflags-y += \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src) \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include
+	-I $(src) \
+	-I $(src)/../include
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_BRCMFMAC) += brcmfmac.o
 brcmfmac-objs += \
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/bca/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/bca/Makefile
index 46098705e236..5e37c638f966 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/bca/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/bca/Makefile
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ 
 # Copyright (c) 2022 Broadcom Corporation
 
 ccflags-y += \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src) \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/.. \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/../../include
+	-I $(src) \
+	-I $(src)/.. \
+	-I $(src)/../../include
 
 obj-m += brcmfmac-bca.o
 brcmfmac-bca-objs += \
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/cyw/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/cyw/Makefile
index 5e1fddaff79e..33e86724ba14 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/cyw/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/cyw/Makefile
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ 
 # Copyright (c) 2022 Broadcom Corporation
 
 ccflags-y += \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src) \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/.. \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/../../include
+	-I $(src) \
+	-I $(src)/.. \
+	-I $(src)/../../include
 
 obj-m += brcmfmac-cyw.o
 brcmfmac-cyw-objs += \
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/wcc/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/wcc/Makefile
index 7f455a19a2b1..3db4cce44f42 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/wcc/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/wcc/Makefile
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ 
 # Copyright (c) 2022 Broadcom Corporation
 
 ccflags-y += \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src) \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/.. \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/../../include
+	-I $(src) \
+	-I $(src)/.. \
+	-I $(src)/../../include
 
 obj-m += brcmfmac-wcc.o
 brcmfmac-wcc-objs += \
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmsmac/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmsmac/Makefile
index 090757730ba6..ffdd17eabe1d 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmsmac/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmsmac/Makefile
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ 
 # CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 
 ccflags-y := \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src) \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/phy \
-	-I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include
+	-I $(src) \
+	-I $(src)/phy \
+	-I $(src)/../include
 
 brcmsmac-y := \
 	mac80211_if.o \
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmutil/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmutil/Makefile
index 7a82d615ba2a..f9b40cab766c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmutil/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmutil/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2011 Broadcom Corporation
 #
-ccflags-y := -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../include
+ccflags-y := -I $(src)/../include
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_BRCMUTIL)	+= brcmutil.o
 brcmutil-objs	= utils.o d11.o
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/dvm/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/dvm/Makefile
index 0486b17d7c41..6109d64006db 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/dvm/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/dvm/Makefile
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@  iwldvm-objs		+= rxon.o devices.o
 iwldvm-$(CONFIG_IWLWIFI_LEDS) += led.o
 iwldvm-$(CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEBUGFS) += debugfs.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/../
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mei/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mei/Makefile
index 8e3ef0347db7..e05f9421be4a 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mei/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mei/Makefile
@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@  iwlmei-y += net.o
 iwlmei-$(CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEVICE_TRACING) += trace.o
 CFLAGS_trace.o := -I$(src)
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/../
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/Makefile
index 593fe28d89cf..764ba73cde1e 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/Makefile
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@  iwlmvm-$(CONFIG_IWLWIFI_LEDS) += led.o
 iwlmvm-$(CONFIG_PM) += d3.o
 iwlmvm-$(CONFIG_IWLMEI) += vendor-cmd.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/../
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/../
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/tests/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/tests/Makefile
index 5658471bdf0a..84491488f589 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/tests/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/tests/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ 
 
 iwlwifi-tests-y += module.o devinfo.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/$(src)/../
+ccflags-y += -I$(src)/../
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_IWLWIFI_KUNIT_TESTS) += iwlwifi-tests.o
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8180/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8180/Makefile
index 565a9a114134..1044105c2557 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8180/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8180/Makefile
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@  rtl818x_pci-objs	:= dev.o rtl8225.o sa2400.o max2820.o grf5101.o rtl8225se.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_RTL8180)	+= rtl818x_pci.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/..
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/..
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/Makefile b/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/Makefile
index 0bf64dfb233a..3deded2c05b6 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/Makefile
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@  rtl8187-objs		:= dev.o rtl8225.o leds.o rfkill.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_RTL8187)	+= rtl8187.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/..
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/..
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx/Makefile b/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx/Makefile
index e0188ecd85b2..853c72a81ae0 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/scsi/aic7xxx/Makefile
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@  aicasm-7xxx-opts-$(CONFIG_AIC7XXX_REG_PRETTY_PRINT) := \
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_AIC7XXX_BUILD_FIRMWARE),y)
 $(obj)/aic7xxx_seq.h: $(src)/aic7xxx.seq $(src)/aic7xxx.reg $(obj)/aicasm/aicasm
-	$(obj)/aicasm/aicasm -I$(srctree)/$(src) -r $(obj)/aic7xxx_reg.h \
+	$(obj)/aicasm/aicasm -I $(src) -r $(obj)/aic7xxx_reg.h \
 			      $(aicasm-7xxx-opts-y) -o $(obj)/aic7xxx_seq.h \
-			      $(srctree)/$(src)/aic7xxx.seq
+			      $(src)/aic7xxx.seq
 
 $(aic7xxx-gen-y): $(objtree)/$(obj)/aic7xxx_seq.h
 	@true
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@  aicasm-79xx-opts-$(CONFIG_AIC79XX_REG_PRETTY_PRINT) := \
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_AIC79XX_BUILD_FIRMWARE),y)
 $(obj)/aic79xx_seq.h: $(src)/aic79xx.seq $(src)/aic79xx.reg $(obj)/aicasm/aicasm
-	$(obj)/aicasm/aicasm -I$(srctree)/$(src) -r $(obj)/aic79xx_reg.h \
+	$(obj)/aicasm/aicasm -I $(src) -r $(obj)/aic79xx_reg.h \
 			      $(aicasm-79xx-opts-y) -o $(obj)/aic79xx_seq.h \
-			      $(srctree)/$(src)/aic79xx.seq
+			      $(src)/aic79xx.seq
 
 $(aic79xx-gen-y): $(objtree)/$(obj)/aic79xx_seq.h
 	@true
@@ -83,5 +83,5 @@  else
 $(obj)/aic79xx_reg_print.c: $(src)/aic79xx_reg_print.c_shipped
 endif
 
-$(obj)/aicasm/aicasm: $(srctree)/$(src)/aicasm/*.[chyl]
-	$(MAKE) -C $(srctree)/$(src)/aicasm OUTDIR=$(shell pwd)/$(obj)/aicasm/
+$(obj)/aicasm/aicasm: $(src)/aicasm/*.[chyl]
+	$(MAKE) -C $(src)/aicasm OUTDIR=$(shell pwd)/$(obj)/aicasm/
diff --git a/drivers/staging/rtl8723bs/Makefile b/drivers/staging/rtl8723bs/Makefile
index 590bde02058c..7f5067e89295 100644
--- a/drivers/staging/rtl8723bs/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/staging/rtl8723bs/Makefile
@@ -62,4 +62,4 @@  r8723bs-y = \
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_RTL8723BS) := r8723bs.o
 
-ccflags-y += -I$(srctree)/$(src)/include -I$(srctree)/$(src)/hal
+ccflags-y += -I$(src)/include -I$(src)/hal
diff --git a/fs/iomap/Makefile b/fs/iomap/Makefile
index fc070184b7fa..381d76c5c232 100644
--- a/fs/iomap/Makefile
+++ b/fs/iomap/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ 
 # All Rights Reserved.
 #
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)		# needed for trace events
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)		# needed for trace events
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_FS_IOMAP)		+= iomap.o
 
diff --git a/fs/unicode/Makefile b/fs/unicode/Makefile
index 0e51c0025a16..e309afe2b2bb 100644
--- a/fs/unicode/Makefile
+++ b/fs/unicode/Makefile
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@  ifdef REGENERATE_UTF8DATA
 
 quiet_cmd_utf8data = GEN     $@
       cmd_utf8data = $< \
-		-a $(srctree)/$(src)/DerivedAge.txt \
-		-c $(srctree)/$(src)/DerivedCombiningClass.txt \
-		-p $(srctree)/$(src)/DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
-		-d $(srctree)/$(src)/UnicodeData.txt \
-		-f $(srctree)/$(src)/CaseFolding.txt \
-		-n $(srctree)/$(src)/NormalizationCorrections.txt \
-		-t $(srctree)/$(src)/NormalizationTest.txt \
+		-a $(src)/DerivedAge.txt \
+		-c $(src)/DerivedCombiningClass.txt \
+		-p $(src)/DerivedCoreProperties.txt \
+		-d $(src)/UnicodeData.txt \
+		-f $(src)/CaseFolding.txt \
+		-n $(src)/NormalizationCorrections.txt \
+		-t $(src)/NormalizationTest.txt \
 		-o $@
 
 $(obj)/utf8data.c: $(obj)/mkutf8data $(filter %.txt, $(cmd_utf8data)) FORCE
diff --git a/fs/xfs/Makefile b/fs/xfs/Makefile
index 76674ad5833e..c5a35e32adf0 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/Makefile
+++ b/fs/xfs/Makefile
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ 
 # All Rights Reserved.
 #
 
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)		# needed for trace events
-ccflags-y += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/libxfs
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)		# needed for trace events
+ccflags-y += -I $(src)/libxfs
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_XFS_FS)		+= xfs.o
 
diff --git a/init/Makefile b/init/Makefile
index cbac576c57d6..3c48d97538c1 100644
--- a/init/Makefile
+++ b/init/Makefile
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@  CFLAGS_version.o := -include $(obj)/utsversion-tmp.h
 # Build version-timestamp.c with final UTS_VERSION
 #
 
-include/generated/utsversion.h: build-version-auto = $(shell $(srctree)/$(src)/build-version)
+include/generated/utsversion.h: build-version-auto = $(shell $(src)/build-version)
 include/generated/utsversion.h: build-timestamp-auto = $(shell LC_ALL=C date)
 include/generated/utsversion.h: FORCE
 	$(call filechk,uts_version)
diff --git a/lib/Makefile b/lib/Makefile
index ffc6b2341b45..27baa6e6daa8 100644
--- a/lib/Makefile
+++ b/lib/Makefile
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@  $(obj)/oid_registry_data.c: $(srctree)/include/linux/oid_registry.h \
 	$(call cmd,build_OID_registry)
 
 quiet_cmd_build_OID_registry = GEN     $@
-      cmd_build_OID_registry = perl $(srctree)/$(src)/build_OID_registry $< $@
+      cmd_build_OID_registry = perl $(src)/build_OID_registry $< $@
 
 clean-files	+= oid_registry_data.c
 
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@  obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_LIB_DEVMEM_IS_ALLOWED) += devmem_is_allowed.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FIRMWARE_TABLE) += fw_table.o
 
 # FORTIFY_SOURCE compile-time behavior tests
-TEST_FORTIFY_SRCS = $(wildcard $(srctree)/$(src)/test_fortify/*-*.c)
-TEST_FORTIFY_LOGS = $(patsubst $(srctree)/$(src)/%.c, %.log, $(TEST_FORTIFY_SRCS))
+TEST_FORTIFY_SRCS = $(wildcard $(src)/test_fortify/*-*.c)
+TEST_FORTIFY_LOGS = $(patsubst $(src)/%.c, %.log, $(TEST_FORTIFY_SRCS))
 TEST_FORTIFY_LOG = test_fortify.log
 
 quiet_cmd_test_fortify = TEST    $@
diff --git a/lib/raid6/Makefile b/lib/raid6/Makefile
index 385a94aa0b99..8785353c6140 100644
--- a/lib/raid6/Makefile
+++ b/lib/raid6/Makefile
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@  endif
 endif
 
 quiet_cmd_unroll = UNROLL  $@
-      cmd_unroll = $(AWK) -v N=$* -f $(srctree)/$(src)/unroll.awk < $< > $@
+      cmd_unroll = $(AWK) -v N=$* -f $(src)/unroll.awk < $< > $@
 
 targets += int1.c int2.c int4.c int8.c
 $(obj)/int%.c: $(src)/int.uc $(src)/unroll.awk FORCE
diff --git a/net/wireless/Makefile b/net/wireless/Makefile
index 72074fd36df4..1d49cc8b6da1 100644
--- a/net/wireless/Makefile
+++ b/net/wireless/Makefile
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@  ifneq ($(CONFIG_CFG80211_EXTRA_REGDB_KEYDIR),)
 cfg80211-y += extra-certs.o
 endif
 
-$(obj)/shipped-certs.c: $(sort $(wildcard $(srctree)/$(src)/certs/*.hex))
+$(obj)/shipped-certs.c: $(sort $(wildcard $(src)/certs/*.hex))
 	@$(kecho) "  GEN     $@"
 	$(Q)(echo '#include "reg.h"'; \
 	  echo 'const u8 shipped_regdb_certs[] = {'; \
diff --git a/rust/Makefile b/rust/Makefile
index 846e6ab9d5a9..85e46dde2a5b 100644
--- a/rust/Makefile
+++ b/rust/Makefile
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@  quiet_cmd_rustsysroot = RUSTSYSROOT
 	rm -rf $(objtree)/$(obj)/test; \
 	mkdir -p $(objtree)/$(obj)/test; \
 	cp -a $(rustc_sysroot) $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot; \
-	cp -r $(srctree)/$(src)/alloc/* \
+	cp -r $(src)/alloc/* \
 		$(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/alloc/src; \
 	echo '\#!/bin/sh' > $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/rustc_sysroot; \
 	echo "$(RUSTC) --sysroot=$(abspath $(objtree)/$(obj)/test/sysroot) \"\$$@\"" \
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@  quiet_cmd_bindgen = BINDGEN $@
 		$(bindgen_target_cflags) $(bindgen_target_extra)
 
 $(obj)/bindings/bindings_generated.rs: private bindgen_target_flags = \
-    $(shell grep -Ev '^#|^$$' $(srctree)/$(src)/bindgen_parameters)
+    $(shell grep -Ev '^#|^$$' $(src)/bindgen_parameters)
 $(obj)/bindings/bindings_generated.rs: private bindgen_target_extra = ; \
     sed -Ei 's/pub const RUST_CONST_HELPER_([a-zA-Z0-9_]*)/pub const \1/g' $@
 $(obj)/bindings/bindings_generated.rs: $(src)/bindings/bindings_helper.h \
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@  $(obj)/bindings/bindings_generated.rs: $(src)/bindings/bindings_helper.h \
 	$(call if_changed_dep,bindgen)
 
 $(obj)/uapi/uapi_generated.rs: private bindgen_target_flags = \
-    $(shell grep -Ev '^#|^$$' $(srctree)/$(src)/bindgen_parameters)
+    $(shell grep -Ev '^#|^$$' $(src)/bindgen_parameters)
 $(obj)/uapi/uapi_generated.rs: $(src)/uapi/uapi_helper.h \
     $(src)/bindgen_parameters FORCE
 	$(call if_changed_dep,bindgen)
diff --git a/samples/bpf/Makefile b/samples/bpf/Makefile
index 933f6c3fe6b0..f054e0828f13 100644
--- a/samples/bpf/Makefile
+++ b/samples/bpf/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-BPF_SAMPLES_PATH ?= $(abspath $(srctree)/$(src))
+BPF_SAMPLES_PATH ?= $(abspath $(src))
 TOOLS_PATH := $(BPF_SAMPLES_PATH)/../../tools
 
 pound := \#
diff --git a/samples/hid/Makefile b/samples/hid/Makefile
index 9f7fe29dd749..c128ccd49974 100644
--- a/samples/hid/Makefile
+++ b/samples/hid/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ 
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
-HID_SAMPLES_PATH ?= $(abspath $(srctree)/$(src))
+HID_SAMPLES_PATH ?= $(abspath $(src))
 TOOLS_PATH := $(HID_SAMPLES_PATH)/../../tools
 
 pound := \#
diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
index 2f331879816b..faf37bafa3f8 100644
--- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
+++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@  stringify = $(squote)$(quote)$1$(quote)$(squote)
 
 ###
 # The path to Kbuild or Makefile. Kbuild has precedence over Makefile.
-kbuild-dir = $(if $(filter /%,$(src)),$(src),$(srctree)/$(src))
-kbuild-file = $(or $(wildcard $(kbuild-dir)/Kbuild),$(kbuild-dir)/Makefile)
+kbuild-file = $(or $(wildcard $(src)/Kbuild),$(src)/Makefile)
 
 ###
 # Read a file, replacing newlines with spaces
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic b/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic
index 8d01b37b7677..1486abf34c7c 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.asm-generic
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ 
 PHONY := all
 all:
 
-src := $(subst /generated,,$(obj))
+src := $(srctree)/$(subst /generated,,$(obj))
 
 include $(srctree)/scripts/Kbuild.include
 -include $(kbuild-file)
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@  include $(srctree)/$(generic)/Kbuild
 endif
 
 redundant := $(filter $(mandatory-y) $(generated-y), $(generic-y))
-redundant += $(foreach f, $(generic-y), $(if $(wildcard $(srctree)/$(src)/$(f)),$(f)))
+redundant += $(foreach f, $(generic-y), $(if $(wildcard $(src)/$(f)),$(f)))
 redundant := $(sort $(redundant))
 $(if $(redundant),\
 	$(warning redundant generic-y found in $(src)/Kbuild: $(redundant)))
 
 # If arch does not implement mandatory headers, fallback to asm-generic ones.
 mandatory-y := $(filter-out $(generated-y), $(mandatory-y))
-generic-y   += $(foreach f, $(mandatory-y), $(if $(wildcard $(srctree)/$(src)/$(f)),,$(f)))
+generic-y   += $(foreach f, $(mandatory-y), $(if $(wildcard $(src)/$(f)),,$(f)))
 
 generic-y   := $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(generic-y))
 generated-y := $(addprefix $(obj)/, $(generated-y))
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.build b/scripts/Makefile.build
index 41138346afb0..43b71c3d0ff6 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.build
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.build
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Building
 # ==========================================================================
 
-src := $(obj)
+src := $(if $(VPATH),$(VPATH)/)$(obj)
 
 PHONY := $(obj)/
 $(obj)/:
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.clean b/scripts/Makefile.clean
index f2cb4d7ffd96..4fcfab40ed61 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.clean
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.clean
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ 
 # Cleaning up
 # ==========================================================================
 
-src := $(obj)
+src := $(if $(VPATH),$(VPATH)/)$(obj)
 
 PHONY := __clean
 __clean:
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.lib b/scripts/Makefile.lib
index e67f066c0cea..5972ec4ee29b 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.lib
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.lib
@@ -209,13 +209,13 @@  _c_flags += $(if $(patsubst n%,, \
 	-D__KCSAN_INSTRUMENT_BARRIERS__)
 endif
 
-# $(srctree)/$(src) for including checkin headers from generated source files
-# $(objtree)/$(obj) for including generated headers from checkin source files
+# $(src) for including checkin headers from generated source files
+# $(obj) for including generated headers from checkin source files
 ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
 ifdef building_out_of_srctree
-_c_flags   += $(addprefix -I $(srctree)/,$(src)) $(addprefix -I $(objtree)/,$(obj))
-_a_flags   += $(addprefix -I $(srctree)/,$(src)) $(addprefix -I $(objtree)/,$(obj))
-_cpp_flags += $(addprefix -I $(srctree)/,$(src)) $(addprefix -I $(objtree)/,$(obj))
+_c_flags   += $(addprefix -I, $(src) $(obj))
+_a_flags   += $(addprefix -I, $(src) $(obj))
+_cpp_flags += $(addprefix -I, $(src) $(obj))
 endif
 endif
 
diff --git a/scripts/Makefile.modpost b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
index 739402f45509..68c4f9ee0c90 100644
--- a/scripts/Makefile.modpost
+++ b/scripts/Makefile.modpost
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@  else
 
 # set src + obj - they may be used in the modules's Makefile
 obj := $(KBUILD_EXTMOD)
-src := $(obj)
+src := $(if $(VPATH),$(VPATH)/)$(obj)
 
 # Include the module's Makefile to find KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
 include $(kbuild-file)
diff --git a/scripts/dtc/Makefile b/scripts/dtc/Makefile
index 4d32b9497da9..a18657072541 100644
--- a/scripts/dtc/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/dtc/Makefile
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@  libfdt		= $(addprefix libfdt/,$(libfdt-objs))
 fdtoverlay-objs	:= $(libfdt) fdtoverlay.o util.o
 
 # Source files need to get at the userspace version of libfdt_env.h to compile
-HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I $(srctree)/$(src)/libfdt
+HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I $(src)/libfdt
 HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -DNO_YAML
 
 # Generated files need one more search path to include headers in source tree
-HOSTCFLAGS_dtc-lexer.lex.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)
-HOSTCFLAGS_dtc-parser.tab.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)
+HOSTCFLAGS_dtc-lexer.lex.o := -I $(src)
+HOSTCFLAGS_dtc-parser.tab.o := -I $(src)
 
 # dependencies on generated files need to be listed explicitly
 $(obj)/dtc-lexer.lex.o: $(obj)/dtc-parser.tab.h
diff --git a/scripts/gdb/linux/Makefile b/scripts/gdb/linux/Makefile
index 48941faa6ea6..d77ad9079d0f 100644
--- a/scripts/gdb/linux/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/gdb/linux/Makefile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ 
 
 ifdef building_out_of_srctree
 
-symlinks := $(patsubst $(srctree)/$(src)/%,%,$(wildcard $(srctree)/$(src)/*.py))
+symlinks := $(patsubst $(src)/%,%,$(wildcard $(src)/*.py))
 
 quiet_cmd_symlink = SYMLINK $@
       cmd_symlink = ln -fsn $(patsubst $(obj)/%,$(abspath $(srctree))/$(src)/%,$@) $@
diff --git a/scripts/genksyms/Makefile b/scripts/genksyms/Makefile
index d6a422a63b6a..312edccda736 100644
--- a/scripts/genksyms/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/genksyms/Makefile
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@  $(obj)/pars%.tab.c $(obj)/pars%.tab.h: $(src)/pars%.y FORCE
 endif
 
 # -I needed for generated C source to include headers in source tree
-HOSTCFLAGS_parse.tab.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)
-HOSTCFLAGS_lex.lex.o := -I $(srctree)/$(src)
+HOSTCFLAGS_parse.tab.o := -I $(src)
+HOSTCFLAGS_lex.lex.o := -I $(src)
 
 # dependencies on generated files need to be listed explicitly
 $(obj)/lex.lex.o: $(obj)/parse.tab.h
diff --git a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
index ea1bf3b3dbde..a0a0be38cbdc 100644
--- a/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
+++ b/scripts/kconfig/Makefile
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@  $(foreach c, config menuconfig nconfig gconfig xconfig, $(eval $(call config_rul
 
 PHONY += localmodconfig localyesconfig
 localyesconfig localmodconfig: $(obj)/conf
-	$(Q)$(PERL) $(srctree)/$(src)/streamline_config.pl --$@ $(srctree) $(Kconfig) > .tmp.config
+	$(Q)$(PERL) $(src)/streamline_config.pl --$@ $(srctree) $(Kconfig) > .tmp.config
 	$(Q)if [ -f .config ]; then 				\
 		cmp -s .tmp.config .config ||			\
 		(mv -f .config .config.old.1;			\
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@  tinyconfig:
 # CHECK: -o cache_dir=<path> working?
 PHONY += testconfig
 testconfig: $(obj)/conf
-	$(Q)$(PYTHON3) -B -m pytest $(srctree)/$(src)/tests \
+	$(Q)$(PYTHON3) -B -m pytest $(src)/tests \
 	-o cache_dir=$(abspath $(obj)/tests/.cache) \
 	$(if $(findstring 1,$(KBUILD_VERBOSE)),--capture=no)
 clean-files += tests/.cache
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@  common-objs	:= confdata.o expr.o lexer.lex.o menu.o parser.tab.o \
 		   preprocess.o symbol.o util.o
 
 $(obj)/lexer.lex.o: $(obj)/parser.tab.h
-HOSTCFLAGS_lexer.lex.o	:= -I $(srctree)/$(src)
-HOSTCFLAGS_parser.tab.o	:= -I $(srctree)/$(src)
+HOSTCFLAGS_lexer.lex.o	:= -I $(src)
+HOSTCFLAGS_parser.tab.o	:= -I $(src)
 
 # conf: Used for defconfig, oldconfig and related targets
 hostprogs	+= conf
diff --git a/security/tomoyo/Makefile b/security/tomoyo/Makefile
index 884ff155edc3..55c67b9846a9 100644
--- a/security/tomoyo/Makefile
+++ b/security/tomoyo/Makefile
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@  quiet_cmd_policy = POLICY  $@
 	printf '\t"";\n';) \
 	} > $@
 
-$(obj)/builtin-policy.h: $(wildcard $(obj)/policy/*.conf $(srctree)/$(src)/policy/*.conf.default) FORCE
+$(obj)/builtin-policy.h: $(wildcard $(obj)/policy/*.conf $(src)/policy/*.conf.default) FORCE
 	$(call if_changed,policy)
 
 ifndef CONFIG_SECURITY_TOMOYO_INSECURE_BUILTIN_SETTING
diff --git a/usr/Makefile b/usr/Makefile
index f8e1ad19e05c..132ef7e96e6d 100644
--- a/usr/Makefile
+++ b/usr/Makefile
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@  cpio-data :=
 # If CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE is empty, generate a small initramfs with the
 # default contents.
 ifeq ($(ramfs-input),)
-ramfs-input := $(srctree)/$(src)/default_cpio_list
+ramfs-input := $(src)/default_cpio_list
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(words $(ramfs-input)),1)
diff --git a/usr/include/Makefile b/usr/include/Makefile
index 338c81f1fcf3..771e32872b2a 100644
--- a/usr/include/Makefile
+++ b/usr/include/Makefile
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@  quiet_cmd_hdrtest = HDRTEST $<
       cmd_hdrtest = \
 		$(CC) $(c_flags) -fsyntax-only -x c /dev/null \
 			$(if $(filter-out $(no-header-test), $*.h), -include $< -include $<); \
-		$(PERL) $(srctree)/$(src)/headers_check.pl $(obj) $(SRCARCH) $<; \
+		$(PERL) $(src)/headers_check.pl $(obj) $(SRCARCH) $<; \
 		touch $@
 
 $(obj)/%.hdrtest: $(obj)/%.h FORCE