From patchwork Sat Oct 28 00:09:41 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Stefan Roesch X-Patchwork-Id: 13439316 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 206A9C27C48 for ; Sat, 28 Oct 2023 00:10:18 +0000 (UTC) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 720E56B03FF; Fri, 27 Oct 2023 20:10:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 6CFEB6B0401; Fri, 27 Oct 2023 20:10:17 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id 5C9E96B03FF; Fri, 27 Oct 2023 20:10:17 -0400 (EDT) X-Delivered-To: linux-mm@kvack.org Received: from relay.hostedemail.com (smtprelay0014.hostedemail.com [216.40.44.14]) by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4C1B86B03FF for ; Fri, 27 Oct 2023 20:10:17 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtpin13.hostedemail.com (a10.router.float.18 [10.200.18.1]) by unirelay08.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 242B7140ED8 for ; Sat, 28 Oct 2023 00:10:17 +0000 (UTC) X-FDA: 81392938074.13.35CBBF0 Received: from 66-220-144-178.mail-mxout.facebook.com (66-220-144-178.mail-mxout.facebook.com [66.220.144.178]) by imf25.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 84DA6A0004 for ; Sat, 28 Oct 2023 00:10:15 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: imf25.hostedemail.com; dkim=none; spf=neutral (imf25.hostedemail.com: 66.220.144.178 is neither permitted nor denied by domain of shr@devkernel.io) smtp.mailfrom=shr@devkernel.io; dmarc=none ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=hostedemail.com; s=arc-20220608; t=1698451815; h=from:from:sender:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date: message-id:message-id:to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-type:content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:references; bh=b5rv3LWodrplP3bf7jX0quuX+wsL+p+jTB1UwG8EudQ=; b=CLPulZw9HF+j4IcNLZNaXqZjcfFjrDEm4z1ZjNNSMGcmHuXiZE+JquaYlP+QoZxFiP1M9D yMZG6gY8/IcXF5T/K1/q2HskXH6DfmANTUjG/uWr0DC6k3/CyMNxInNpAW8fid7SJI7Wvl lZxDqy+lE4YRCY5uSnJMJ/UVVshvwno= ARC-Seal: i=1; s=arc-20220608; d=hostedemail.com; t=1698451815; a=rsa-sha256; cv=none; b=Zh4hdPl/TyylDuhzNZJ/bIAzCePNXGF6MEtQHxSJK8Ya4AEqrzayXESEV0I5lwJ2Qct130 H+ObJ5pEoQQS2NFzlTeYpHaFeEnsP8qhXots4nuNsrNm82vujrhGXy0vLBwFNVLHbmw83o fBH7qbiQgkl+UaW6vdpufVqU6gQzmis= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; imf25.hostedemail.com; dkim=none; spf=neutral (imf25.hostedemail.com: 66.220.144.178 is neither permitted nor denied by domain of shr@devkernel.io) smtp.mailfrom=shr@devkernel.io; dmarc=none Received: by devbig1114.prn1.facebook.com (Postfix, from userid 425415) id C633AE5A2553; Fri, 27 Oct 2023 17:09:57 -0700 (PDT) From: Stefan Roesch To: kernel-team@fb.com Cc: shr@devkernel.io, akpm@linux-foundation.org, david@redhat.com, hannes@cmpxchg.org, riel@surriel.com, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org Subject: [PATCH v2 0/4] mm/ksm: Add ksm advisor Date: Fri, 27 Oct 2023 17:09:41 -0700 Message-Id: <20231028000945.2428830-1-shr@devkernel.io> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.39.3 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Rspamd-Queue-Id: 84DA6A0004 X-Rspam-User: X-Stat-Signature: b9zkhbzi1e9k4tk1d5gk3yerhm8t9d8w X-Rspamd-Server: rspam03 X-HE-Tag: 1698451815-302745 X-HE-Meta: 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 YTB70ip+ pPgbXuFYeXniMAg1SrFThk2sRv/CzZakEshhH+6o9FnNeDpG9LqKwqLm/QW5b1i3VrShd5zLFkSyoXtdDrU5OoY10jFPaFxXvgekR2dCdRjTHNJw97Jhi7CdLEQ== X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: What is the KSM advisor? ========================= The ksm advisor automatically manages the pages_to_scan setting to achieve a target scan time. The target scan time defines how many seconds it should take to scan all the candidate KSM pages. In other words the pages_to_scan rate is changed by the advisor to achieve the target scan time. Why do we need a KSM advisor? ============================== The number of candidate pages for KSM is dynamic. It can often be observed that during the startup of an application more candidate pages need to be processed. Without an advisor the pages_to_scan parameter needs to be sized for the maximum number of candidate pages. With the scan time advisor the pages_to_scan parameter based can be changed based on demand. Algorithm ========== The algorithm calculates the change value based on the target scan time and the previous scan time. To avoid pertubations an exponentially weighted moving average is applied. The algorithm has a max and min value to: - guarantee responsiveness to changes - to avoid to spend too much CPU Parameters to influence the KSM scan advisor ============================================= The respective parameters are: - ksm_advisor_mode 0: None (default), 1: scan time advisor - ksm_advisor_target_scan_time how many seconds a scan should of all candidate pages take - ksm_advisor_min_cpu lower limit for the cpu usage in percent of the ksmd background thread - ksm_advisor_max_cpu upper limit for the cpu usage in percent of the ksmd background thread The initial value and the max value for the pages_to_scan parameter can be limited with: - ksm_advisor_min_pages minimum value for pages_to_scan per batch - ksm_advisor_max_pages maximum value for pages_to_scan per batch The default settings for the above two parameters should be suitable for most workloads. The parameters are exposed as knobs in /sys/kernel/mm/ksm. By default the scan time advisor is disabled. Currently there are two advisors: - none and - scan time. Resource savings ================= Tests with various workloads have shown considerable CPU savings. Most of the workloads I have investigated have more candidate pages during startup. Once the workload is stable in terms of memory, the number of candidate pages is reduced. Without the advisor, the pages_to_scan needs to be sized for the maximum number of candidate pages. So having this advisor definitely helps in reducing CPU consumption. For the instagram workload, the advisor achieves a 25% CPU reduction. Once the memory is stable, the pages_to_scan parameter gets reduced to about 40% of its max value. The new advisor works especially well if the smart scan feature is also enabled. How is defining a target scan time better? =========================================== For an administrator it is more logical to set a target scan time.. The administrator can determine how many pages are scanned on each scan. Therefore setting a target scan time makes more sense. In addition the administrator might have a good idea about the memory sizing of its respective workloads. Setting cpu limits is easier than setting The pages_to_scan parameter. The pages_to_scan parameter is per batch. For the administrator it is difficult to set the pages_to_scan parameter. Tracing ======= A new tracing event has been added for the scan time advisor. The new trace event is called ksm_advisor. It reports the scan time, the new pages_to_scan setting and the cpu usage of the ksmd background thread. Other approaches ================= Approach 1: Adapt pages_to_scan after processing each batch. If KSM merges pages, increase the scan rate, if less KSM pages, reduce the the pages_to_scan rate. This doesn't work too well. While it increases the pages_to_scan for a short period, but generally it ends up with a too low pages_to_scan rate. Approach 2: Adapt pages_to_scan after each scan. The problem with that approach is that the calculated scan rate tends to be high. The more aggressive KSM scans, the more pages it can de-duplicate. There have been earlier attempts at an advisor: propose auto-run mode of ksm and its tests (https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=166029880214485&w=2) Changes: ======== V2: - Use functions for long long calculations to support 32 bit platforms - Use cpu min and cpu max settings for the advisor instead of the pages min and max parameters. - pages min and max values are now used for the initial and max values. Generally they are not required to be changed. - Add cpu percent usage value to tracepoint definition - Update documentation for cpu min and cpu max values - Update commit messages for the above changes Stefan Roesch (4): mm/ksm: add ksm advisor mm/ksm: add sysfs knobs for advisor mm/ksm: add tracepoint for ksm advisor mm/ksm: document ksm advisor and its sysfs knobs Documentation/admin-guide/mm/ksm.rst | 66 ++++++ include/trace/events/ksm.h | 33 +++ mm/ksm.c | 314 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 3 files changed, 412 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) base-commit: 12d04a7bf0da67321229d2bc8b1a7074d65415a9