| Message ID | 20240622071231.576056-1-21cnbao@gmail.com (mailing list archive) |
|---|---|
| Headers | show |
| Series | tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for thp_swapout | expand |
On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: > From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> > > -v2: > * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; > Ying; > * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; > * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; > > -v1: > https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ > > I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ > [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ > > Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with > "-s," which is good news! > If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show > a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% > (value A). > > The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, > reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both > approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). > > I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and > lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without > considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This > typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. > > Based on the below results, I believe that: Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! > 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with > aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. > 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately > (based on the result "-a -s") I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap size (64M)? Thanks, Ryan > > * > * Test results on Ryan's patchset: > * > > 1. w/ -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > ... > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > 2. w/o -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% > ... > Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% > Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% > Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% > Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% > Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% > Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% > Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% > Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% > Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% > > 3. w/ -a and -s > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% > Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% > Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% > Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% > Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% > Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% > Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% > Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% > Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% > Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% > Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% > Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% > Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% > Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% > Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% > Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% > Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% > Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% > Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% > Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% > Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% > Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% > Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% > Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% > Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% > Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% > Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% > Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% > Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% > Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% > Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% > Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% > Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% > Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% > Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% > Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% > Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% > Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% > Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% > Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% > Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% > Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% > Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% > Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% > Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% > Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% > Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% > Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% > Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% > Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% > Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% > Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% > Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% > Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% > Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% > Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% > Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% > Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% > Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% > > 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > thp_swap_allocator_test -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% > ... > > * > * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: > * > 1. w/ -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% > ... > > It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, > having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this > issue. > > 2. w/o -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% > .. > > Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much > worse than "-a". > > 3. w/ -a and -s > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% > Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% > Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% > Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% > Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% > Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% > Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% > Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% > Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% > Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% > Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% > Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% > Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > ... > > Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from > small folios. > > 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > ... > > Barry Song (1): > tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for > thp_swapout > > tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- > tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c >
On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 8:26 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: > > On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: > > From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> > > > > -v2: > > * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; > > Ying; > > * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; > > * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; > > > > -v1: > > https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ > > > > I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: > > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ > > [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ > > > > Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with > > "-s," which is good news! > > If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show > > a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% > > (value A). > > > > The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, > > reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both > > approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). > > > > I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and > > lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without > > considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This > > typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. > > > > Based on the below results, I believe that: > > Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! > > > 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with > > aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") > > I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be > contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large > folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer > of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also > solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? The challenge is that we also want to take advantage of improving zsmalloc to save compressed multi-pages. However, it seems quite impossible for zsmalloc to achieve this for a mTHP is scattered but not put together in zRAM. > > Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of > selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; > ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high > temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in > even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" > seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. The good news is that this is exactly what we're implementing in our products, and it has been deployed on millions of phones. * Allocate mTHP and swap in the entire mTHP in do_swap_page(); * If mTHP allocation fails, allocate 16 pages to swap-in in do_swap_page(); To be honest, we haven't noticed a visible increase in memory footprint. This is likely because Android's anonymous memory exhibits good spatial locality, and 64KiB strikes a good balance—neither too large nor too small. The bad news is that I haven't found a way to convince the community this is universally correct. > > > 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately > > (based on the result "-a -s") > > I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches > already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I > search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). > Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space > is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? > > When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as > if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the > difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that > MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap > size (64M)? Exactly. From my understanding, we've reached a point where small folios are struggling to find swap slots. Note that I always swap out mTHP before swapping out small folios. Additionally, I have already swapped in 1MB small folios before swapping out, which means zRAM has 1MB-4KB of redundant space available for mTHP to swap out. > > Thanks, > Ryan > > > > > * > > * Test results on Ryan's patchset: > > * > > > > 1. w/ -a > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > ... > > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > > > 2. w/o -a > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test > > > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% > > ... > > Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% > > Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% > > Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% > > Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% > > Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% > > Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% > > Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% > > Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% > > Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% > > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% > > > > 3. w/ -a and -s > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% > > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% > > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% > > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% > > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% > > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% > > Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% > > Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% > > Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% > > Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > > Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > > Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% > > Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% > > Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% > > Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% > > Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% > > Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > > Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% > > Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > > Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% > > Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% > > Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > > Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > > Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% > > Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% > > Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% > > Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% > > Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% > > Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > > Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% > > Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% > > Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% > > Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% > > Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% > > Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > > Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% > > Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% > > Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% > > Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% > > Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% > > Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > > Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% > > Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > > Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% > > Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% > > Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > > Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > > Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% > > Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% > > Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% > > Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% > > Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > > Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > > Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% > > Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% > > Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% > > Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% > > Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% > > Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% > > Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% > > Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% > > Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% > > Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% > > Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% > > Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% > > Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > > Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% > > Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% > > Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% > > Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% > > Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% > > Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% > > Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > > Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% > > Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% > > Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% > > Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% > > Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > > Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% > > Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% > > Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > > Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > > Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% > > > > 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > > thp_swap_allocator_test -s > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% > > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% > > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% > > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% > > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% > > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% > > ... > > > > * > > * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: > > * > > 1. w/ -a > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% > > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% > > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% > > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% > > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% > > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% > > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% > > ... > > > > It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, > > having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this > > issue. > > > > 2. w/o -a > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% > > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% > > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% > > .. > > > > Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much > > worse than "-a". > > > > 3. w/ -a and -s > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% > > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% > > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% > > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% > > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% > > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% > > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% > > Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% > > Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% > > Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% > > Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% > > Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% > > Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% > > Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% > > Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% > > Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% > > Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% > > Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% > > Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > > Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > > ... > > > > Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from > > small folios. > > > > 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% > > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% > > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% > > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% > > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% > > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% > > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% > > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% > > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% > > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > > ... > > > > Barry Song (1): > > tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for > > thp_swapout > > > > tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- > > tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > > 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c > > > Thanks Barry
On Sat, Jun 22, 2024 at 12:12 AM Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com> wrote: > > From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> > > -v2: > * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; > Ying; > * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; > * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; > > -v1: > https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ > > I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ > [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ > > Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with > "-s," which is good news! > If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show > a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% > (value A). > > The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, > reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both > approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). > > I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and > lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without > considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This > typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. > > Based on the below results, I believe that: > 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with > aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") > 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately > (based on the result "-a -s") > > * > * Test results on Ryan's patchset: > * > > 1. w/ -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > ... > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > > 2. w/o -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test > > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% > ... > Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% > Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% > Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% > Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% > Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% > Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% > Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% > Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% > Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% > > 3. w/ -a and -s > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% > Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% > Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% > Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% > Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% > Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% > Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% > Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% > Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% > Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% > Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% > Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% > Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% > Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% > Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% > Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% > Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% > Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% > Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% > Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% > Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% > Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% > Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% > Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% > Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% > Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% > Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% > Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% > Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% > Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% > Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% > Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% > Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% > Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% > Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% > Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% > Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% > Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% > Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% > Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% > Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% > Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% > Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% > Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% > Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% > Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% > Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% > Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% > Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% > Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% > Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% > Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% > Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% > Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% > Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% > Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% > Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% > Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% > Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% > > 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > thp_swap_allocator_test -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% > ... > > * > * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: > * > 1. w/ -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% My working in progress allocator patch: linux# ../thp_swap_allocator_test -a Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 234, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 232, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 18: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 19: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 20: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 21: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 22: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 23: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 24: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 25: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 26: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 27: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 28: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 29: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% ... Fall back zero between. ... Iteration 78: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 79: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 80: swpout inc: 230, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 81: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 82: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.21% Iteration 83: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 84: swpout inc: 230, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 85: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 86: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 87: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 88: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 89: swpout inc: 232, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% Iteration 90: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.20% Iteration 91: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 92: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 93: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 94: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 95: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 96: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 97: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 98: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 99: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 100: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Occasionally I can get a full 0.00% run, the above is more typical. > ... > > It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, > having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this > issue. > > 2. w/o -a > ./thp_swap_allocator_test My WIP patch: linux# ../thp_swap_allocator_test Iteration 1: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 146, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 37.07% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 151, Fallback percentage: 66.81% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 52, swpout fallback inc: 171, Fallback percentage: 76.68% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 47, swpout fallback inc: 179, Fallback percentage: 79.20% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 40, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 82.14% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 40, swpout fallback inc: 188, Fallback percentage: 82.46% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 38, swpout fallback inc: 188, Fallback percentage: 83.19% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 41, swpout fallback inc: 187, Fallback percentage: 82.02% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 197, Fallback percentage: 86.03% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 85.91% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 197, Fallback percentage: 86.40% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 29, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 87.05% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 190, Fallback percentage: 88.37% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.46% Iteration 18: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 200, Fallback percentage: 88.11% Iteration 19: swpout inc: 29, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 86.70% Iteration 20: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% Iteration 21: swpout inc: 24, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 89.33% Iteration 22: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 87.83% Iteration 23: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.46% Iteration 24: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% Iteration 25: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 199, Fallback percentage: 86.90% Iteration 26: swpout inc: 38, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 83.55% Iteration 27: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 87.44% Iteration 28: swpout inc: 29, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 87.05% Iteration 29: swpout inc: 34, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 84.89% Iteration 30: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 87.44% Iteration 31: swpout inc: 36, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 83.64% Iteration 32: swpout inc: 38, swpout fallback inc: 187, Fallback percentage: 83.11% Iteration 33: swpout inc: 37, swpout fallback inc: 192, Fallback percentage: 83.84% Iteration 34: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 83.04% Iteration 35: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 197, Fallback percentage: 86.78% Iteration 36: swpout inc: 34, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.15% Iteration 37: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 182, Fallback percentage: 83.87% Iteration 38: swpout inc: 29, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.11% Iteration 39: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 190, Fallback percentage: 85.20% Iteration 40: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 84.79% Iteration 41: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 188, Fallback percentage: 86.24% Iteration 42: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 190, Fallback percentage: 84.44% Iteration 43: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% > .. > > Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much > worse than "-a". > > 3. w/ -a and -s > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s My WIP patch: linux# ../thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.79% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.44% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 232, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.21% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.42% Iteration 18: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% Iteration 19: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.10% Iteration 20: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.60% Iteration 21: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 22: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 25: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 26: swpout inc: 230, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 27: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 28: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% Iteration 29: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% Iteration 30: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 31: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.44% Iteration 32: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 33: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 34: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 35: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.72% Iteration 36: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 37: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 38: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.45% Iteration 39: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.30% Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% Iteration 41: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 42: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 43: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 44: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 45: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 46: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 48: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.45% Iteration 49: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.92% Iteration 50: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 51: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 52: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 53: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 55: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 56: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% Iteration 57: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% Iteration 58: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.83% Iteration 59: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.33% Iteration 60: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.30% Iteration 61: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.92% Iteration 62: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 9, Fallback percentage: 4.04% Iteration 63: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.35% Iteration 64: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.22% Iteration 65: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.42% Iteration 66: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% Iteration 67: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% Iteration 68: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.57% Iteration 69: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.83% Iteration 70: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.57% Iteration 71: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.56% Iteration 72: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 73: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.59% Iteration 74: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.07% Iteration 75: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.49% Iteration 76: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.10% Iteration 76: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.10% Iteration 77: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.49% Iteration 78: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% Iteration 79: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.89% Iteration 80: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.35% Iteration 81: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.92% Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% Iteration 83: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.87% Iteration 84: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 85: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 86: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 87: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 88: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 89: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% Iteration 90: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 91: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 92: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.15% Iteration 93: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 94: swpout inc: 221, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.78% Iteration 95: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.35% Iteration 96: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.05% Iteration 97: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.61% Iteration 98: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% Iteration 99: swpout inc: 226, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.74% Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.44% > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% > Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% > Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% > Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% > Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% > Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% > Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% > Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% > Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% > Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% > Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% > Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% > Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > ... > > Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from > small folios. > > 4. w/o -a and w/ -s My current WIP patch: linux# ../thp_swap_allocator_test -s Iteration 1: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.58% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 91, swpout fallback inc: 141, Fallback percentage: 60.78% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 36, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 84.62% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 19, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 91.85% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 12, swpout fallback inc: 213, Fallback percentage: 94.67% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 95.18% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 96.41% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 213, Fallback percentage: 96.38% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 96.96% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 5, swpout fallback inc: 213, Fallback percentage: 97.71% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 96.54% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 97.30% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 96.00% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 218, Fallback percentage: 96.04% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 95.71% Iteration 18: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 96.79% Iteration 19: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 96.92% Iteration 20: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 96.92% Iteration 21: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 97.36% Iteration 22: swpout inc: 5, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 97.84% Iteration 23: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 213, Fallback percentage: 98.16% Iteration 24: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 218, Fallback percentage: 97.32% Iteration 25: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 97.27% Iteration 26: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% Iteration 27: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 96.86% Iteration 28: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 96.83% Chris > ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s > Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% > Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% > Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% > Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% > Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% > Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% > Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% > Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% > Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% > Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > ... > > Barry Song (1): > tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for > thp_swapout > > tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- > tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c > > -- > 2.34.1 > >
On 24/06/2024 09:42, Barry Song wrote: > On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 8:26 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: >> >> On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: >>> From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> >>> >>> -v2: >>> * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; >>> Ying; >>> * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; >>> * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; >>> >>> -v1: >>> https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ >>> >>> I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: >>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ >>> [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ >>> >>> Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with >>> "-s," which is good news! >>> If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show >>> a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% >>> (value A). >>> >>> The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, >>> reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both >>> approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). >>> >>> I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and >>> lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without >>> considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This >>> typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. >>> >>> Based on the below results, I believe that: >> >> Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! >> >>> 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with >>> aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") >> >> I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be >> contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large >> folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer >> of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also >> solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? > > The challenge is that we also want to take advantage of improving zsmalloc > to save compressed multi-pages. However, it seems quite impossible for > zsmalloc to achieve this for a mTHP is scattered but not put together in > zRAM. Yes understood. I finally got around to watching the lsfmm videos; I believe the suggested solution with a fs-like approach would be to let the fs handle the compression, which means compressing extents? So even with that approach, presumably its still valuable to be able to allocate the biggest extents possible. > >> >> Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of >> selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; >> ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high >> temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in >> even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" >> seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. > > The good news is that this is exactly what we're implementing in our products, > and it has been deployed on millions of phones. > > * Allocate mTHP and swap in the entire mTHP in do_swap_page(); > * If mTHP allocation fails, allocate 16 pages to swap-in in do_swap_page(); I think we were talking cross-purposes here. What I meant was that in an ideal world we would only allocate a (64K) mTHP for a page fault if we had confidence (via some heuristic) that the virtual 64K area was likely to always be accessed together, else just allocate a small folio. i.e. choose the folio size to cover a single object from user space's PoV. That would have the side effect that a page-by-page swap-in approach (the current approach in mainline) would still effectively result in swapping in the whole folio and therefore reduce fragementation in the swap file. (Or thinking about it slightly differently, it would give us confidence to always swap-in a large folio at a time, because we know its all highly likely to get used in the near future). I suspect this is a moot point though, because divinging a suitable heuristic with low overhead is basically impossible. > > To be honest, we haven't noticed a visible increase in memory footprint. This is > likely because Android's anonymous memory exhibits good spatial locality, and > 64KiB strikes a good balance—neither too large nor too small. Indeed. > > The bad news is that I haven't found a way to convince the community this > is universally correct. I think we will want to be pragmatic and at least implement an option (sysfs?) to swap-in a large folio up to a certain size; These test results clearly show the value. And I believe you have real-world data for Android that shows the same thing. Just to creep the scope of this thread slightly, after watching yours and Yu Zhou's presentations around TAO, IIUC, even with TAO enabled, 64K folio allocation fallback is still above 50%? I still believe that once the Android filesystems are converted to use large folios that number will improve substantially; especially if the page cache can be convinced to only allocate 64K folios (with 4K fallback). At that point you're predominantly using 64K folios so intuitively there will be less fragmentation. But allocations by the page cache today start at 16K and increment by 2 orders for every new readahead IIRC. So we end up with lots of large folio sizes, and presumably the potential for lots of fallbacks. All of this is just to suggest that we may end up wanting controls to specify which folio sizes the page cache can attempt to use. At that point, adding similar controls for swap-in doesn't feel unreasonable to me. Just my 2 cents! > >> >>> 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately >>> (based on the result "-a -s") >> >> I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches >> already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I >> search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). >> Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space >> is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? >> >> When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as >> if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the >> difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that >> MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap >> size (64M)? > > Exactly. From my understanding, we've reached a point where small folios are > struggling to find swap slots. Note that I always swap out mTHP before swapping > out small folios. Additionally, I have already swapped in 1MB small > folios before > swapping out, which means zRAM has 1MB-4KB of redundant space available > for mTHP to swap out. > >> >> Thanks, >> Ryan >> >>> >>> * >>> * Test results on Ryan's patchset: >>> * >>> >>> 1. w/ -a >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> ... >>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> >>> 2. w/o -a >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test >>> >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% >>> ... >>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% >>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% >>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% >>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% >>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% >>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% >>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% >>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% >>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% >>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% >>> >>> 3. w/ -a and -s >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% >>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% >>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% >>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% >>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% >>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% >>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% >>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% >>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% >>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% >>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% >>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% >>> Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% >>> Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% >>> Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% >>> Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% >>> Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>> Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% >>> Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% >>> Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% >>> Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% >>> Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% >>> Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% >>> Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% >>> Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% >>> Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% >>> Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% >>> Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% >>> Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% >>> Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% >>> Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% >>> Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% >>> Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% >>> Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% >>> Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% >>> Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% >>> Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% >>> Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% >>> Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% >>> Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% >>> Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% >>> Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% >>> Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% >>> Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% >>> Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% >>> Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% >>> Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% >>> Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% >>> Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% >>> Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% >>> Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% >>> Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% >>> Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% >>> Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% >>> Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% >>> Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% >>> Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% >>> Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% >>> Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% >>> Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% >>> Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% >>> Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% >>> Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% >>> Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% >>> Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% >>> Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% >>> Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% >>> Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>> Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% >>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% >>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% >>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% >>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% >>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% >>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% >>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% >>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% >>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% >>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% >>> >>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s >>> thp_swap_allocator_test -s >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% >>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% >>> ... >>> >>> * >>> * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: >>> * >>> 1. w/ -a >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% >>> ... >>> >>> It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, >>> having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this >>> issue. >>> >>> 2. w/o -a >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% >>> .. >>> >>> Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much >>> worse than "-a". >>> >>> 3. w/ -a and -s >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% >>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% >>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% >>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% >>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% >>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% >>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% >>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% >>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% >>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% >>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% >>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% >>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% >>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% >>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% >>> ... >>> >>> Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from >>> small folios. >>> >>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% >>> ... >>> >>> Barry Song (1): >>> tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for >>> thp_swapout >>> >>> tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- >>> tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >>> 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) >>> create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c >>> >> > > Thanks > Barry
On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 10:35 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: > > On 24/06/2024 09:42, Barry Song wrote: > > On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 8:26 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: > >> > >> On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: > >>> From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> > >>> > >>> -v2: > >>> * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; > >>> Ying; > >>> * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; > >>> * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; > >>> > >>> -v1: > >>> https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ > >>> > >>> I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: > >>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ > >>> [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ > >>> > >>> Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with > >>> "-s," which is good news! > >>> If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show > >>> a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% > >>> (value A). > >>> > >>> The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, > >>> reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both > >>> approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). > >>> > >>> I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and > >>> lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without > >>> considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This > >>> typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. > >>> > >>> Based on the below results, I believe that: > >> > >> Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! > >> > >>> 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with > >>> aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") > >> > >> I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be > >> contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large > >> folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer > >> of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also > >> solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? > > > > The challenge is that we also want to take advantage of improving zsmalloc > > to save compressed multi-pages. However, it seems quite impossible for > > zsmalloc to achieve this for a mTHP is scattered but not put together in > > zRAM. > > Yes understood. I finally got around to watching the lsfmm videos; I believe the > suggested solution with a fs-like approach would be to let the fs handle the > compression, which means compressing extents? So even with that approach, > presumably its still valuable to be able to allocate the biggest extents possible. > > > > >> > >> Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of > >> selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; > >> ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high > >> temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in > >> even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" > >> seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. > > > > The good news is that this is exactly what we're implementing in our products, > > and it has been deployed on millions of phones. > > > > * Allocate mTHP and swap in the entire mTHP in do_swap_page(); > > * If mTHP allocation fails, allocate 16 pages to swap-in in do_swap_page(); > > I think we were talking cross-purposes here. What I meant was that in an ideal > world we would only allocate a (64K) mTHP for a page fault if we had confidence > (via some heuristic) that the virtual 64K area was likely to always be accessed > together, else just allocate a small folio. i.e. choose the folio size to cover > a single object from user space's PoV. That would have the side effect that a > page-by-page swap-in approach (the current approach in mainline) would still > effectively result in swapping in the whole folio and therefore reduce > fragementation in the swap file. (Or thinking about it slightly differently, it > would give us confidence to always swap-in a large folio at a time, because we > know its all highly likely to get used in the near future). > > I suspect this is a moot point though, because divinging a suitable heuristic > with low overhead is basically impossible. > > > > > To be honest, we haven't noticed a visible increase in memory footprint. This is > > likely because Android's anonymous memory exhibits good spatial locality, and > > 64KiB strikes a good balance—neither too large nor too small. > > Indeed. > > > > > The bad news is that I haven't found a way to convince the community this > > is universally correct. > > I think we will want to be pragmatic and at least implement an option (sysfs?) > to swap-in a large folio up to a certain size; These test results clearly show > the value. And I believe you have real-world data for Android that shows the > same thing. > > Just to creep the scope of this thread slightly, after watching yours and Yu > Zhou's presentations around TAO, IIUC, even with TAO enabled, 64K folio > allocation fallback is still above 50%? I still believe that once the Android > filesystems are converted to use large folios that number will improve > substantially; especially if the page cache can be convinced to only allocate > 64K folios (with 4K fallback). At that point you're predominantly using 64K > folios so intuitively there will be less fragmentation. Absolutely agreed. Currently, I reported an allocation fallback rate slightly above 50%, but this is not because TAO is ineffective. It's simply because, in the test, we set up a conservative 15% virtzone for mTHP. If we increase the zone, we would definitely achieve a lower fallback ratio. However, the issue arises when we need a large number of small folios— for example, for the page cache—because they might suffer. However, we should be able to increase the percentage of the virtzone after some fine-tuning, as the report was based on an initial test to demonstrate that TAO can provide guaranteed mTHP coverage. If we can somehow unify the mTHP size for both the page cache and anon, things might improve. Xiang promised to deliver EROFS large folio support. If we also get this in f2fs, things will be quite different. > > But allocations by the page cache today start at 16K and increment by 2 orders > for every new readahead IIRC. So we end up with lots of large folio sizes, and > presumably the potential for lots of fallbacks. > > All of this is just to suggest that we may end up wanting controls to specify > which folio sizes the page cache can attempt to use. At that point, adding > similar controls for swap-in doesn't feel unreasonable to me. > > Just my 2 cents! > > > > >> > >>> 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately > >>> (based on the result "-a -s") > >> > >> I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches > >> already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I > >> search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). > >> Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space > >> is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? > >> > >> When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as > >> if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the > >> difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that > >> MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap > >> size (64M)? > > > > Exactly. From my understanding, we've reached a point where small folios are > > struggling to find swap slots. Note that I always swap out mTHP before swapping > > out small folios. Additionally, I have already swapped in 1MB small > > folios before > > swapping out, which means zRAM has 1MB-4KB of redundant space available > > for mTHP to swap out. > > > >> > >> Thanks, > >> Ryan > >> > >>> > >>> * > >>> * Test results on Ryan's patchset: > >>> * > >>> > >>> 1. w/ -a > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> ... > >>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> > >>> 2. w/o -a > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test > >>> > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% > >>> ... > >>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% > >>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% > >>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% > >>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% > >>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% > >>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% > >>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% > >>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% > >>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% > >>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% > >>> > >>> 3. w/ -a and -s > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% > >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% > >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% > >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% > >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% > >>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% > >>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% > >>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% > >>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% > >>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > >>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > >>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% > >>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% > >>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% > >>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% > >>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% > >>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > >>> Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% > >>> Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > >>> Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% > >>> Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% > >>> Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > >>> Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > >>> Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% > >>> Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% > >>> Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% > >>> Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% > >>> Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% > >>> Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > >>> Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% > >>> Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% > >>> Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% > >>> Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% > >>> Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% > >>> Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > >>> Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% > >>> Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% > >>> Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% > >>> Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% > >>> Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% > >>> Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > >>> Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% > >>> Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > >>> Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% > >>> Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% > >>> Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > >>> Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > >>> Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% > >>> Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% > >>> Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% > >>> Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% > >>> Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > >>> Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > >>> Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% > >>> Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% > >>> Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% > >>> Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% > >>> Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% > >>> Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% > >>> Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% > >>> Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% > >>> Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% > >>> Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% > >>> Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% > >>> Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% > >>> Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > >>> Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% > >>> Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% > >>> Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% > >>> Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% > >>> Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% > >>> Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% > >>> Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > >>> Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% > >>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% > >>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% > >>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% > >>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > >>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% > >>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% > >>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > >>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > >>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > >>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% > >>> > >>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > >>> thp_swap_allocator_test -s > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% > >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% > >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% > >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% > >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% > >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > >>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% > >>> ... > >>> > >>> * > >>> * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: > >>> * > >>> 1. w/ -a > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% > >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% > >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% > >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% > >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% > >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% > >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% > >>> ... > >>> > >>> It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, > >>> having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this > >>> issue. > >>> > >>> 2. w/o -a > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% > >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% > >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% > >>> .. > >>> > >>> Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much > >>> worse than "-a". > >>> > >>> 3. w/ -a and -s > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% > >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% > >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% > >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% > >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% > >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% > >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > >>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% > >>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% > >>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% > >>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% > >>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% > >>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% > >>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% > >>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% > >>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% > >>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% > >>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% > >>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% > >>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > >>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > >>> ... > >>> > >>> Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from > >>> small folios. > >>> > >>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > >>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s > >>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% > >>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% > >>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% > >>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% > >>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > >>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > >>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > >>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% > >>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > >>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% > >>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% > >>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > >>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% > >>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > >>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% > >>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > >>> ... > >>> > >>> Barry Song (1): > >>> tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for > >>> thp_swapout > >>> > >>> tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- > >>> tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > >>> 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > >>> create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c > >>> > >> > > Thanks Barry
On 25/06/2024 01:11, Barry Song wrote: > On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 10:35 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: >> >> On 24/06/2024 09:42, Barry Song wrote: >>> On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 8:26 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: >>>> >>>> On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: >>>>> From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> >>>>> >>>>> -v2: >>>>> * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; >>>>> Ying; >>>>> * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; >>>>> * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; >>>>> >>>>> -v1: >>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ >>>>> >>>>> I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: >>>>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ >>>>> [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ >>>>> >>>>> Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with >>>>> "-s," which is good news! >>>>> If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show >>>>> a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% >>>>> (value A). >>>>> >>>>> The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, >>>>> reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both >>>>> approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). >>>>> >>>>> I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and >>>>> lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without >>>>> considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This >>>>> typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. >>>>> >>>>> Based on the below results, I believe that: >>>> >>>> Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! >>>> >>>>> 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with >>>>> aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") >>>> >>>> I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be >>>> contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large >>>> folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer >>>> of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also >>>> solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? >>> >>> The challenge is that we also want to take advantage of improving zsmalloc >>> to save compressed multi-pages. However, it seems quite impossible for >>> zsmalloc to achieve this for a mTHP is scattered but not put together in >>> zRAM. >> >> Yes understood. I finally got around to watching the lsfmm videos; I believe the >> suggested solution with a fs-like approach would be to let the fs handle the >> compression, which means compressing extents? So even with that approach, >> presumably its still valuable to be able to allocate the biggest extents possible. >> >>> >>>> >>>> Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of >>>> selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; >>>> ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high >>>> temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in >>>> even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" >>>> seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. >>> >>> The good news is that this is exactly what we're implementing in our products, >>> and it has been deployed on millions of phones. >>> >>> * Allocate mTHP and swap in the entire mTHP in do_swap_page(); >>> * If mTHP allocation fails, allocate 16 pages to swap-in in do_swap_page(); >> >> I think we were talking cross-purposes here. What I meant was that in an ideal >> world we would only allocate a (64K) mTHP for a page fault if we had confidence >> (via some heuristic) that the virtual 64K area was likely to always be accessed >> together, else just allocate a small folio. i.e. choose the folio size to cover >> a single object from user space's PoV. That would have the side effect that a >> page-by-page swap-in approach (the current approach in mainline) would still >> effectively result in swapping in the whole folio and therefore reduce >> fragementation in the swap file. (Or thinking about it slightly differently, it >> would give us confidence to always swap-in a large folio at a time, because we >> know its all highly likely to get used in the near future). >> >> I suspect this is a moot point though, because divinging a suitable heuristic >> with low overhead is basically impossible. >> >>> >>> To be honest, we haven't noticed a visible increase in memory footprint. This is >>> likely because Android's anonymous memory exhibits good spatial locality, and >>> 64KiB strikes a good balance—neither too large nor too small. >> >> Indeed. >> >>> >>> The bad news is that I haven't found a way to convince the community this >>> is universally correct. >> >> I think we will want to be pragmatic and at least implement an option (sysfs?) >> to swap-in a large folio up to a certain size; These test results clearly show >> the value. And I believe you have real-world data for Android that shows the >> same thing. >> >> Just to creep the scope of this thread slightly, after watching yours and Yu >> Zhou's presentations around TAO, IIUC, even with TAO enabled, 64K folio >> allocation fallback is still above 50%? I still believe that once the Android >> filesystems are converted to use large folios that number will improve >> substantially; especially if the page cache can be convinced to only allocate >> 64K folios (with 4K fallback). At that point you're predominantly using 64K >> folios so intuitively there will be less fragmentation. > > Absolutely agreed. Currently, I reported an allocation fallback rate > slightly above 50%, but > this is not because TAO is ineffective. It's simply because, in the > test, we set up a > conservative 15% virtzone for mTHP. If we increase the zone, we would definitely > achieve a lower fallback ratio. However, the issue arises when we need > a large number > of small folios— for example, for the page cache—because they might > suffer. However, > we should be able to increase the percentage of the virtzone after > some fine-tuning, as > the report was based on an initial test to demonstrate that TAO can > provide guaranteed > mTHP coverage. > > If we can somehow unify the mTHP size for both the page cache and anon, things > might improve. Indeed. And that implies we might need extra controls for the page cache, which I don't think Willy will be a fan of. It would be good to get some fragmentation data for Android with a file system that supports large folios, both with the page cache folio allocation scheme as it is today, and constrained to 64K and 4K. Rather than waiting for all the Android file systems to land support for large folios, is it possible to hand roll all the Android partitions as XFS? I've done that in the past for the user data partition at least. > > Xiang promised to deliver EROFS large folio support. If we also get > this in f2fs, things > will be quite different. Excellent! So Oppo is using only erofs and f2fs? What about ext4? And all the ancillary things like fscrypt and fsverity, etc? (I've been hand waving a bit to this point, but it would be good to build a full list of all the components that need large folio support for large folio file-backed memory to be viable on Android, if you can help enumerate that?) > >> >> But allocations by the page cache today start at 16K and increment by 2 orders >> for every new readahead IIRC. So we end up with lots of large folio sizes, and >> presumably the potential for lots of fallbacks. >> >> All of this is just to suggest that we may end up wanting controls to specify >> which folio sizes the page cache can attempt to use. At that point, adding >> similar controls for swap-in doesn't feel unreasonable to me. >> >> Just my 2 cents! >> >>> >>>> >>>>> 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately >>>>> (based on the result "-a -s") >>>> >>>> I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches >>>> already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I >>>> search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). >>>> Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space >>>> is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? >>>> >>>> When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as >>>> if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the >>>> difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that >>>> MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap >>>> size (64M)? >>> >>> Exactly. From my understanding, we've reached a point where small folios are >>> struggling to find swap slots. Note that I always swap out mTHP before swapping >>> out small folios. Additionally, I have already swapped in 1MB small >>> folios before >>> swapping out, which means zRAM has 1MB-4KB of redundant space available >>> for mTHP to swap out. >>> >>>> >>>> Thanks, >>>> Ryan >>>> >>>>> >>>>> * >>>>> * Test results on Ryan's patchset: >>>>> * >>>>> >>>>> 1. w/ -a >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> ... >>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> >>>>> 2. w/o -a >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test >>>>> >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% >>>>> ... >>>>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% >>>>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% >>>>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% >>>>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% >>>>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% >>>>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% >>>>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% >>>>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% >>>>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% >>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% >>>>> >>>>> 3. w/ -a and -s >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% >>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% >>>>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% >>>>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% >>>>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% >>>>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>>>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% >>>>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% >>>>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% >>>>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% >>>>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% >>>>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% >>>>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% >>>>> Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% >>>>> Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% >>>>> Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% >>>>> Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% >>>>> Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>>>> Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% >>>>> Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% >>>>> Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% >>>>> Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% >>>>> Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% >>>>> Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% >>>>> Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% >>>>> Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% >>>>> Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% >>>>> Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% >>>>> Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% >>>>> Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% >>>>> Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% >>>>> Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% >>>>> Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% >>>>> Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% >>>>> Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% >>>>> Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% >>>>> Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% >>>>> Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% >>>>> Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% >>>>> Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% >>>>> Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout 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21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% >>>>> Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% >>>>> Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% >>>>> Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% >>>>> Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% >>>>> Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% >>>>> Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% >>>>> Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% >>>>> Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% >>>>> Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% >>>>> Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% >>>>> Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% >>>>> Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% >>>>> Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% >>>>> Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% >>>>> Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% >>>>> Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% >>>>> Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>>>> Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% >>>>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% >>>>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% >>>>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% >>>>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% >>>>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% >>>>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% >>>>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% >>>>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% >>>>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% >>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% >>>>> >>>>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s >>>>> thp_swap_allocator_test -s >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% >>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% >>>>> ... >>>>> >>>>> * >>>>> * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: >>>>> * >>>>> 1. w/ -a >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% >>>>> ... >>>>> >>>>> It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, >>>>> having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this >>>>> issue. >>>>> >>>>> 2. w/o -a >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% >>>>> .. >>>>> >>>>> Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much >>>>> worse than "-a". >>>>> >>>>> 3. w/ -a and -s >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% >>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% >>>>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% >>>>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% >>>>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% >>>>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% >>>>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% >>>>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% >>>>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% >>>>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% >>>>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% >>>>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% >>>>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% >>>>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% >>>>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% >>>>> ... >>>>> >>>>> Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from >>>>> small folios. >>>>> >>>>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% >>>>> ... >>>>> >>>>> Barry Song (1): >>>>> tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for >>>>> thp_swapout >>>>> >>>>> tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- >>>>> tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >>>>> 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) >>>>> create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c >>>>> >>>> >>> > > Thanks > Barry
On Tue, Jun 25, 2024 at 8:11 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: > > On 25/06/2024 01:11, Barry Song wrote: > > On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 10:35 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: > >> > >> On 24/06/2024 09:42, Barry Song wrote: > >>> On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 8:26 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: > >>>> > >>>> On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: > >>>>> From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> > >>>>> > >>>>> -v2: > >>>>> * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; > >>>>> Ying; > >>>>> * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; > >>>>> * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; > >>>>> > >>>>> -v1: > >>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ > >>>>> > >>>>> I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: > >>>>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ > >>>>> [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ > >>>>> > >>>>> Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with > >>>>> "-s," which is good news! > >>>>> If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show > >>>>> a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% > >>>>> (value A). > >>>>> > >>>>> The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, > >>>>> reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both > >>>>> approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). > >>>>> > >>>>> I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and > >>>>> lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without > >>>>> considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This > >>>>> typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. > >>>>> > >>>>> Based on the below results, I believe that: > >>>> > >>>> Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! > >>>> > >>>>> 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with > >>>>> aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") > >>>> > >>>> I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be > >>>> contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large > >>>> folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer > >>>> of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also > >>>> solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? > >>> > >>> The challenge is that we also want to take advantage of improving zsmalloc > >>> to save compressed multi-pages. However, it seems quite impossible for > >>> zsmalloc to achieve this for a mTHP is scattered but not put together in > >>> zRAM. > >> > >> Yes understood. I finally got around to watching the lsfmm videos; I believe the > >> suggested solution with a fs-like approach would be to let the fs handle the > >> compression, which means compressing extents? So even with that approach, > >> presumably its still valuable to be able to allocate the biggest extents possible. > >> > >>> > >>>> > >>>> Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of > >>>> selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; > >>>> ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high > >>>> temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in > >>>> even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" > >>>> seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. > >>> > >>> The good news is that this is exactly what we're implementing in our products, > >>> and it has been deployed on millions of phones. > >>> > >>> * Allocate mTHP and swap in the entire mTHP in do_swap_page(); > >>> * If mTHP allocation fails, allocate 16 pages to swap-in in do_swap_page(); > >> > >> I think we were talking cross-purposes here. What I meant was that in an ideal > >> world we would only allocate a (64K) mTHP for a page fault if we had confidence > >> (via some heuristic) that the virtual 64K area was likely to always be accessed > >> together, else just allocate a small folio. i.e. choose the folio size to cover > >> a single object from user space's PoV. That would have the side effect that a > >> page-by-page swap-in approach (the current approach in mainline) would still > >> effectively result in swapping in the whole folio and therefore reduce > >> fragementation in the swap file. (Or thinking about it slightly differently, it > >> would give us confidence to always swap-in a large folio at a time, because we > >> know its all highly likely to get used in the near future). > >> > >> I suspect this is a moot point though, because divinging a suitable heuristic > >> with low overhead is basically impossible. > >> > >>> > >>> To be honest, we haven't noticed a visible increase in memory footprint. This is > >>> likely because Android's anonymous memory exhibits good spatial locality, and > >>> 64KiB strikes a good balance—neither too large nor too small. > >> > >> Indeed. > >> > >>> > >>> The bad news is that I haven't found a way to convince the community this > >>> is universally correct. > >> > >> I think we will want to be pragmatic and at least implement an option (sysfs?) > >> to swap-in a large folio up to a certain size; These test results clearly show > >> the value. And I believe you have real-world data for Android that shows the > >> same thing. > >> > >> Just to creep the scope of this thread slightly, after watching yours and Yu > >> Zhou's presentations around TAO, IIUC, even with TAO enabled, 64K folio > >> allocation fallback is still above 50%? I still believe that once the Android > >> filesystems are converted to use large folios that number will improve > >> substantially; especially if the page cache can be convinced to only allocate > >> 64K folios (with 4K fallback). At that point you're predominantly using 64K > >> folios so intuitively there will be less fragmentation. > > > > Absolutely agreed. Currently, I reported an allocation fallback rate > > slightly above 50%, but > > this is not because TAO is ineffective. It's simply because, in the > > test, we set up a > > conservative 15% virtzone for mTHP. If we increase the zone, we would definitely > > achieve a lower fallback ratio. However, the issue arises when we need > > a large number > > of small folios— for example, for the page cache—because they might > > suffer. However, > > we should be able to increase the percentage of the virtzone after > > some fine-tuning, as > > the report was based on an initial test to demonstrate that TAO can > > provide guaranteed > > mTHP coverage. > > > > If we can somehow unify the mTHP size for both the page cache and anon, things > > might improve. > > Indeed. And that implies we might need extra controls for the page cache, which > I don't think Willy will be a fan of. It would be good to get some fragmentation > data for Android with a file system that supports large folios, both with the > page cache folio allocation scheme as it is today, and constrained to 64K and > 4K. Rather than waiting for all the Android file systems to land support for > large folios, is it possible to hand roll all the Android partitions as XFS? > I've done that in the past for the user data partition at least. It might be a good idea to evaluate page cache large folios without waiting for EROFS and F2FS. I need to do more research on deploying XFS on Android before getting back to you. > > > > > Xiang promised to deliver EROFS large folio support. If we also get > > this in f2fs, things > > will be quite different. > > Excellent! So Oppo is using only erofs and f2fs? What about ext4? And all the > ancillary things like fscrypt and fsverity, etc? (I've been hand waving a bit to > this point, but it would be good to build a full list of all the components that > need large folio support for large folio file-backed memory to be viable on > Android, if you can help enumerate that?) We get all of tmpfs, ext4, f2fs, erofs, vfat and fuse for different folders. > > > > >> > >> But allocations by the page cache today start at 16K and increment by 2 orders > >> for every new readahead IIRC. So we end up with lots of large folio sizes, and > >> presumably the potential for lots of fallbacks. > >> > >> All of this is just to suggest that we may end up wanting controls to specify > >> which folio sizes the page cache can attempt to use. At that point, adding > >> similar controls for swap-in doesn't feel unreasonable to me. > >> > >> Just my 2 cents! > >> > >>> > >>>> > >>>>> 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately > >>>>> (based on the result "-a -s") > >>>> > >>>> I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches > >>>> already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I > >>>> search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). > >>>> Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space > >>>> is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? > >>>> > >>>> When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as > >>>> if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the > >>>> difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that > >>>> MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap > >>>> size (64M)? > >>> > >>> Exactly. From my understanding, we've reached a point where small folios are > >>> struggling to find swap slots. Note that I always swap out mTHP before swapping > >>> out small folios. Additionally, I have already swapped in 1MB small > >>> folios before > >>> swapping out, which means zRAM has 1MB-4KB of redundant space available > >>> for mTHP to swap out. > >>> > >>>> > >>>> Thanks, > >>>> Ryan > >>>> > >>>>> > >>>>> * > >>>>> * Test results on Ryan's patchset: > >>>>> * > >>>>> > >>>>> 1. w/ -a > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> ... > >>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> > >>>>> 2. w/o -a > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test > >>>>> > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% > >>>>> ... > >>>>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% > >>>>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% > >>>>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% > >>>>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% > >>>>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% > >>>>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% > >>>>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% > >>>>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% > >>>>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% > >>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% > >>>>> > >>>>> 3. w/ -a and -s > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% > >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% > >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% > >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% > >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% > >>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% > >>>>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% > >>>>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% > >>>>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% > >>>>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > >>>>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% > >>>>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% > >>>>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% > >>>>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% > >>>>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% > >>>>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% > >>>>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > >>>>> Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% > >>>>> Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > >>>>> Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% > >>>>> Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% > >>>>> Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > >>>>> Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > >>>>> Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% > >>>>> Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% > >>>>> Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% > >>>>> Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% > >>>>> Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% > >>>>> Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > >>>>> Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% > >>>>> Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% > >>>>> Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% > >>>>> Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% > >>>>> Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% > >>>>> Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > >>>>> Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% > >>>>> Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% > >>>>> Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% > >>>>> Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% > >>>>> Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% > >>>>> Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > >>>>> Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% > >>>>> Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% > >>>>> Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% > >>>>> Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% > >>>>> Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > >>>>> Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% > >>>>> Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% > >>>>> Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% > >>>>> Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% > >>>>> Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% > >>>>> Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% > >>>>> Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > >>>>> Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% > >>>>> Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% > >>>>> Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% > >>>>> Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% > >>>>> Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% > >>>>> Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% > >>>>> Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% > >>>>> Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% > >>>>> Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% > >>>>> Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% > >>>>> Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% > >>>>> Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% > >>>>> Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% > >>>>> Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% > >>>>> Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% > >>>>> Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% > >>>>> Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% > >>>>> Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% > >>>>> Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% > >>>>> Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% > >>>>> Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% > >>>>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% > >>>>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% > >>>>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% > >>>>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% > >>>>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% > >>>>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% > >>>>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > >>>>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% > >>>>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% > >>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% > >>>>> > >>>>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > >>>>> thp_swap_allocator_test -s > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% > >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% > >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% > >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% > >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% > >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > >>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% > >>>>> ... > >>>>> > >>>>> * > >>>>> * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: > >>>>> * > >>>>> 1. w/ -a > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% > >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% > >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% > >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% > >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% > >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% > >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% > >>>>> ... > >>>>> > >>>>> It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, > >>>>> having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this > >>>>> issue. > >>>>> > >>>>> 2. w/o -a > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% > >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% > >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% > >>>>> .. > >>>>> > >>>>> Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much > >>>>> worse than "-a". > >>>>> > >>>>> 3. w/ -a and -s > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% > >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% > >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% > >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% > >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% > >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% > >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% > >>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% > >>>>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% > >>>>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% > >>>>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% > >>>>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% > >>>>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% > >>>>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% > >>>>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% > >>>>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% > >>>>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% > >>>>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% > >>>>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% > >>>>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > >>>>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% > >>>>> ... > >>>>> > >>>>> Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from > >>>>> small folios. > >>>>> > >>>>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s > >>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s > >>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% > >>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% > >>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% > >>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% > >>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% > >>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% > >>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > >>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% > >>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% > >>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% > >>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% > >>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% > >>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% > >>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% > >>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% > >>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% > >>>>> ... > >>>>> > >>>>> Barry Song (1): > >>>>> tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for > >>>>> thp_swapout > >>>>> > >>>>> tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- > >>>>> tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > >>>>> 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > >>>>> create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c > >>>>> > >>>> > >>> > > Thanks Barry
On 27/06/2024 01:02, Barry Song wrote: > On Tue, Jun 25, 2024 at 8:11 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: >> >> On 25/06/2024 01:11, Barry Song wrote: >>> On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 10:35 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: >>>> >>>> On 24/06/2024 09:42, Barry Song wrote: >>>>> On Mon, Jun 24, 2024 at 8:26 PM Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>> On 22/06/2024 08:12, Barry Song wrote: >>>>>>> From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> -v2: >>>>>>> * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; >>>>>>> Ying; >>>>>>> * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; >>>>>>> * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; >>>>>>> >>>>>>> -v1: >>>>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ >>>>>>> >>>>>>> I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: >>>>>>> [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ >>>>>>> [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with >>>>>>> "-s," which is good news! >>>>>>> If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show >>>>>>> a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% >>>>>>> (value A). >>>>>>> >>>>>>> The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, >>>>>>> reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both >>>>>>> approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). >>>>>>> >>>>>>> I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and >>>>>>> lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without >>>>>>> considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This >>>>>>> typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Based on the below results, I believe that: >>>>>> >>>>>> Thanks for putting this together and providing such detailed results! >>>>>> >>>>>>> 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with >>>>>>> aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") >>>>>> >>>>>> I certainly agree that as long as we require a high order swap entry to be >>>>>> contiguous in the backing store then it looks like we are going to need large >>>>>> folio swap-in to prevent enormous fragmentation. I guess Chris's proposed layer >>>>>> of indirection to allow pages to be scattered in the backing store would also >>>>>> solve the problem? Although, I'm not sure this would work well for zRam? >>>>> >>>>> The challenge is that we also want to take advantage of improving zsmalloc >>>>> to save compressed multi-pages. However, it seems quite impossible for >>>>> zsmalloc to achieve this for a mTHP is scattered but not put together in >>>>> zRAM. >>>> >>>> Yes understood. I finally got around to watching the lsfmm videos; I believe the >>>> suggested solution with a fs-like approach would be to let the fs handle the >>>> compression, which means compressing extents? So even with that approach, >>>> presumably its still valuable to be able to allocate the biggest extents possible. >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> Perhaps another way of looking at this is that we are doing a bad job of >>>>>> selecting when to use an mTHP and when not to use one in the first place; >>>>>> ideally the workload would access the data across the entire mTHP with high >>>>>> temporal locality? In that case, we would expect the whole mTHP to be swapped in >>>>>> even with the current page-by-page approach. Figuring out this "auto sizing" >>>>>> seems like an incredibly complex problem to solve though. >>>>> >>>>> The good news is that this is exactly what we're implementing in our products, >>>>> and it has been deployed on millions of phones. >>>>> >>>>> * Allocate mTHP and swap in the entire mTHP in do_swap_page(); >>>>> * If mTHP allocation fails, allocate 16 pages to swap-in in do_swap_page(); >>>> >>>> I think we were talking cross-purposes here. What I meant was that in an ideal >>>> world we would only allocate a (64K) mTHP for a page fault if we had confidence >>>> (via some heuristic) that the virtual 64K area was likely to always be accessed >>>> together, else just allocate a small folio. i.e. choose the folio size to cover >>>> a single object from user space's PoV. That would have the side effect that a >>>> page-by-page swap-in approach (the current approach in mainline) would still >>>> effectively result in swapping in the whole folio and therefore reduce >>>> fragementation in the swap file. (Or thinking about it slightly differently, it >>>> would give us confidence to always swap-in a large folio at a time, because we >>>> know its all highly likely to get used in the near future). >>>> >>>> I suspect this is a moot point though, because divinging a suitable heuristic >>>> with low overhead is basically impossible. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> To be honest, we haven't noticed a visible increase in memory footprint. This is >>>>> likely because Android's anonymous memory exhibits good spatial locality, and >>>>> 64KiB strikes a good balance—neither too large nor too small. >>>> >>>> Indeed. >>>> >>>>> >>>>> The bad news is that I haven't found a way to convince the community this >>>>> is universally correct. >>>> >>>> I think we will want to be pragmatic and at least implement an option (sysfs?) >>>> to swap-in a large folio up to a certain size; These test results clearly show >>>> the value. And I believe you have real-world data for Android that shows the >>>> same thing. >>>> >>>> Just to creep the scope of this thread slightly, after watching yours and Yu >>>> Zhou's presentations around TAO, IIUC, even with TAO enabled, 64K folio >>>> allocation fallback is still above 50%? I still believe that once the Android >>>> filesystems are converted to use large folios that number will improve >>>> substantially; especially if the page cache can be convinced to only allocate >>>> 64K folios (with 4K fallback). At that point you're predominantly using 64K >>>> folios so intuitively there will be less fragmentation. >>> >>> Absolutely agreed. Currently, I reported an allocation fallback rate >>> slightly above 50%, but >>> this is not because TAO is ineffective. It's simply because, in the >>> test, we set up a >>> conservative 15% virtzone for mTHP. If we increase the zone, we would definitely >>> achieve a lower fallback ratio. However, the issue arises when we need >>> a large number >>> of small folios— for example, for the page cache—because they might >>> suffer. However, >>> we should be able to increase the percentage of the virtzone after >>> some fine-tuning, as >>> the report was based on an initial test to demonstrate that TAO can >>> provide guaranteed >>> mTHP coverage. >>> >>> If we can somehow unify the mTHP size for both the page cache and anon, things >>> might improve. >> >> Indeed. And that implies we might need extra controls for the page cache, which >> I don't think Willy will be a fan of. It would be good to get some fragmentation >> data for Android with a file system that supports large folios, both with the >> page cache folio allocation scheme as it is today, and constrained to 64K and >> 4K. Rather than waiting for all the Android file systems to land support for >> large folios, is it possible to hand roll all the Android partitions as XFS? >> I've done that in the past for the user data partition at least. > > It might be a good idea to evaluate page cache large folios without > waiting for EROFS > and F2FS. > I need to do more research on deploying XFS on Android before getting > back to you. In the past, I've hacked the Android userdata.img like this. I'm sure there are better ways, but it worked (as long as the kernel was also compiled with the XFS driver enabled), and I guess it should work for the other partitions too: # Install tools, inflate userdata.img and mount. sudo apt install android-sdk-libsparse-utils simg2img userdata.img userdata.ext4.raw mkdir ext4_mount sudo mount -o ro userdata.ext4.raw ext4_mount # Create empty file for xfs raw image (size is the same as userdata.ext4.raw). # loopback the file as blk device and format it for xfs. dd if=/dev/zero of=userdata.xfs.raw bs=1MiB count=11250 sudo losetup /dev/loop4 userdata.xfs.raw sudo mkfs -t xfs /dev/loop4 mkdir xfs_mount sudo mount userdata.xfs.raw xfs_mount # If there is anything on the userdata.img (mounted above) copy the contents (e.g. cp -r ...). # Unmount and remove the loopback. sudo umount xfs_mount sudo losetup --detach /dev/loop4 # Convert raw image to a sparse image ready for flashing. img2simg userdata.xfs.raw userdata.xfs.img > >> >>> >>> Xiang promised to deliver EROFS large folio support. If we also get >>> this in f2fs, things >>> will be quite different. >> >> Excellent! So Oppo is using only erofs and f2fs? What about ext4? And all the >> ancillary things like fscrypt and fsverity, etc? (I've been hand waving a bit to >> this point, but it would be good to build a full list of all the components that >> need large folio support for large folio file-backed memory to be viable on >> Android, if you can help enumerate that?) > > We get all of tmpfs, ext4, f2fs, erofs, vfat and fuse for different folders. OK, but I think there are also other components like fsverity and fscrypt that would need to support large folios too? And possibly overlayfs? (you can probably tell by now that I know very little about file systems :) ) > >> >>> >>>> >>>> But allocations by the page cache today start at 16K and increment by 2 orders >>>> for every new readahead IIRC. So we end up with lots of large folio sizes, and >>>> presumably the potential for lots of fallbacks. >>>> >>>> All of this is just to suggest that we may end up wanting controls to specify >>>> which folio sizes the page cache can attempt to use. At that point, adding >>>> similar controls for swap-in doesn't feel unreasonable to me. >>>> >>>> Just my 2 cents! >>>> >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>> 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately >>>>>>> (based on the result "-a -s") >>>>>> >>>>>> I'm confused by this statement; as I undersand it, both my and Chris's patches >>>>>> already try to do this. Certainly for mine, when searching for order-0 space, I >>>>>> search the non-full order-0 clusters first (just like for other orders). >>>>>> Although for order-0 I will still fallback to searching any cluster if no space >>>>>> is found in an order-0 cluster. What more can we do? >>>>>> >>>>>> When run against your v1 of the tool with "-s" (v1 always implicily behaves as >>>>>> if "-a" is specified, right?) my patch gives 0% fallback. So what's the >>>>>> difference in v2 that causes higher fallback rate? Possibly just that >>>>>> MEMSIZE_SMALLFOLIO has grown by 3MB so that the total memory matches the swap >>>>>> size (64M)? >>>>> >>>>> Exactly. From my understanding, we've reached a point where small folios are >>>>> struggling to find swap slots. Note that I always swap out mTHP before swapping >>>>> out small folios. Additionally, I have already swapped in 1MB small >>>>> folios before >>>>> swapping out, which means zRAM has 1MB-4KB of redundant space available >>>>> for mTHP to swap out. >>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> Thanks, >>>>>> Ryan >>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> * >>>>>>> * Test results on Ryan's patchset: >>>>>>> * >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 1. w/ -a >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> ... >>>>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 2. w/o -a >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% >>>>>>> ... >>>>>>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% >>>>>>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% >>>>>>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% >>>>>>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% >>>>>>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% >>>>>>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% >>>>>>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% >>>>>>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% >>>>>>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% >>>>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 3. w/ -a and -s >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% >>>>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% >>>>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% >>>>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% >>>>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% >>>>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% >>>>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% >>>>>>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% >>>>>>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% >>>>>>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% >>>>>>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% >>>>>>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% >>>>>>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% >>>>>>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% >>>>>>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% >>>>>>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% >>>>>>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% >>>>>>> Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% >>>>>>> Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% >>>>>>> Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% >>>>>>> Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% >>>>>>> Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% >>>>>>> Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% >>>>>>> Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% >>>>>>> Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% >>>>>>> Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% >>>>>>> Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% >>>>>>> Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% >>>>>>> Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% >>>>>>> Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% >>>>>>> Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% >>>>>>> Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% >>>>>>> Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% >>>>>>> Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% >>>>>>> Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% >>>>>>> Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% >>>>>>> Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% >>>>>>> Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% >>>>>>> Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% >>>>>>> Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% >>>>>>> Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% >>>>>>> Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% >>>>>>> Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% >>>>>>> Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% >>>>>>> Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% >>>>>>> Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% >>>>>>> Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% >>>>>>> Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% >>>>>>> Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% >>>>>>> Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% >>>>>>> Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% >>>>>>> Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% >>>>>>> Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% >>>>>>> Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% >>>>>>> Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% >>>>>>> Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% >>>>>>> Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% >>>>>>> Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% >>>>>>> Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% >>>>>>> Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% >>>>>>> Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% >>>>>>> Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% >>>>>>> Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% >>>>>>> Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% >>>>>>> Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% >>>>>>> Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% >>>>>>> Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% >>>>>>> Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% >>>>>>> Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% >>>>>>> Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% >>>>>>> Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% >>>>>>> Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% >>>>>>> Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% >>>>>>> Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% >>>>>>> Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% >>>>>>> Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% >>>>>>> Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% >>>>>>> Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s >>>>>>> thp_swap_allocator_test -s >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% >>>>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% >>>>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% >>>>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% >>>>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% >>>>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% >>>>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% >>>>>>> ... >>>>>>> >>>>>>> * >>>>>>> * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: >>>>>>> * >>>>>>> 1. w/ -a >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% >>>>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% >>>>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% >>>>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% >>>>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% >>>>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% >>>>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% >>>>>>> ... >>>>>>> >>>>>>> It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, >>>>>>> having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this >>>>>>> issue. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 2. w/o -a >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% >>>>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% >>>>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% >>>>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% >>>>>>> .. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much >>>>>>> worse than "-a". >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 3. w/ -a and -s >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% >>>>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% >>>>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% >>>>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% >>>>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% >>>>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% >>>>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% >>>>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% >>>>>>> Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% >>>>>>> Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% >>>>>>> Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% >>>>>>> Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% >>>>>>> Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% >>>>>>> Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% >>>>>>> Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% >>>>>>> Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% >>>>>>> Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% >>>>>>> Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% >>>>>>> Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% >>>>>>> Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% >>>>>>> Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% >>>>>>> Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% >>>>>>> ... >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from >>>>>>> small folios. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> 4. w/o -a and w/ -s >>>>>>> ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s >>>>>>> Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% >>>>>>> Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% >>>>>>> Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% >>>>>>> Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% >>>>>>> Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% >>>>>>> Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% >>>>>>> Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% >>>>>>> Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% >>>>>>> Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% >>>>>>> Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% >>>>>>> Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% >>>>>>> Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% >>>>>>> Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% >>>>>>> Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% >>>>>>> Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% >>>>>>> Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% >>>>>>> ... >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Barry Song (1): >>>>>>> tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for >>>>>>> thp_swapout >>>>>>> >>>>>>> tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- >>>>>>> tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >>>>>>> 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) >>>>>>> create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>> > > Thanks > Barry
This all seems to have gone way off track. acks or nacks on the patch, please?
On 05/07/2024 00:10, Andrew Morton wrote: > This all seems to have gone way off track. Yes sorry about that; my fault. > > acks or nacks on the patch, please? I've replied to the actual patch with R-b and T-b.
I have been using this tool to help me develop the swap allocator patches. It helped me reproduce the kernel crash. Acked-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Tested-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Chris On Thu, Jul 4, 2024 at 4:10 PM Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> wrote: > > This all seems to have gone way off track. > > acks or nacks on the patch, please?
From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com> -v2: * add swap-in which can either be aligned or not aligned, by "-a"; Ying; * move the program to tools/mm; Ryan; * try to simulate the scenarios swap is full. Chris; -v1: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240620002648.75204-1-21cnbao@gmail.com/ I tested Ryan's RFC patchset[1] and Chris's v3[2] using this v2 tool: [1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240618232648.4090299-1-ryan.roberts@arm.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20240614-swap-allocator-v2-0-2a513b4a7f2f@kernel.org/ Obviously, we're rarely hitting 100% even in the worst case without "-a" and with "-s," which is good news! If swapin is aligned w/ "-a" and w/o "-s", both Chris's and Ryan's patches show a low fallback ratio though Chris's has the numbers above 0% but Ryan's are 0% (value A). The bad news is that unaligned swapin can significantly increase the fallback ratio, reaching up to 85% for Ryan's patch and 95% for Chris's patchset without "-s." Both approaches approach 100% without "-a" and with "-s" (value B). I believe real workloads should yield a value between A and B. Without "-a," and lacking large folios swap-in, this tool randomly swaps in small folios without considering spatial locality, which is a factor present in real workloads. This typically results in values higher than A and lower than B. Based on the below results, I believe that: 1. We truly require large folio swap-in to achieve comparable results with aligned swap-in(based on the result w/o and w/ "-a") 2. We need a method to prevent small folios from scattering indiscriminately (based on the result "-a -s") * * Test results on Ryan's patchset: * 1. w/ -a ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% ... Iteration 100: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% 2. w/o -a ./thp_swap_allocator_test Iteration 1: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.73% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 118, swpout fallback inc: 114, Fallback percentage: 49.14% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 63, swpout fallback inc: 163, Fallback percentage: 72.12% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 45, swpout fallback inc: 178, Fallback percentage: 79.82% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 42, swpout fallback inc: 184, Fallback percentage: 81.42% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.16% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 27, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 88.16% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 198, Fallback percentage: 86.84% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 85.84% ... Iteration 91: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.18% Iteration 92: swpout inc: 35, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 84.85% Iteration 93: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 191, Fallback percentage: 85.27% Iteration 94: swpout inc: 26, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 88.13% Iteration 95: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 189, Fallback percentage: 82.89% Iteration 96: swpout inc: 28, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 87.50% Iteration 97: swpout inc: 25, swpout fallback inc: 194, Fallback percentage: 88.58% Iteration 98: swpout inc: 31, swpout fallback inc: 196, Fallback percentage: 86.34% Iteration 99: swpout inc: 32, swpout fallback inc: 202, Fallback percentage: 86.32% Iteration 100: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 85.53% 3. w/ -a and -s ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.65% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.21% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.38% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.79% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 189, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.30% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 27, Fallback percentage: 12.00% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.80% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.83% Iteration 18: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 5.98% Iteration 19: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 19.91% Iteration 20: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.46% Iteration 21: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% Iteration 22: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.72% Iteration 23: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 24: swpout inc: 233, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 25: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.47% Iteration 26: swpout inc: 229, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.43% Iteration 27: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.28% Iteration 28: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.64% Iteration 29: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 17.54% Iteration 30: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% Iteration 31: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.44% Iteration 32: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% Iteration 33: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 34: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.39% Iteration 35: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 12.88% Iteration 36: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% Iteration 37: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% Iteration 38: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 28, Fallback percentage: 12.67% Iteration 39: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 20, Fallback percentage: 8.70% Iteration 40: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.19% Iteration 41: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.03% Iteration 42: swpout inc: 200, swpout fallback inc: 23, Fallback percentage: 10.31% Iteration 43: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% Iteration 44: swpout inc: 206, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.04% Iteration 45: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 11, Fallback percentage: 4.98% Iteration 46: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.52% Iteration 47: swpout inc: 228, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 48: swpout inc: 219, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.90% Iteration 49: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.75% Iteration 50: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% Iteration 51: swpout inc: 190, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.93% Iteration 52: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.42% Iteration 53: swpout inc: 179, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.37% Iteration 54: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 55: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 2, Fallback percentage: 0.88% Iteration 56: swpout inc: 220, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.51% Iteration 57: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% Iteration 58: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 6, Fallback percentage: 2.74% Iteration 59: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 8.00% Iteration 60: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.09% Iteration 61: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 15.67% Iteration 62: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% Iteration 63: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 39, Fallback percentage: 17.49% Iteration 64: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.67% Iteration 65: swpout inc: 178, swpout fallback inc: 48, Fallback percentage: 21.24% Iteration 66: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 30, Fallback percentage: 13.76% Iteration 67: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 29, Fallback percentage: 13.06% Iteration 68: swpout inc: 202, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.82% Iteration 69: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% Iteration 70: swpout inc: 204, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.85% Iteration 71: swpout inc: 180, swpout fallback inc: 45, Fallback percentage: 20.00% Iteration 72: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.09% Iteration 73: swpout inc: 216, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.14% Iteration 74: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 19, Fallback percentage: 8.33% Iteration 75: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.06% Iteration 76: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.19% Iteration 77: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 17.90% Iteration 78: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 17, Fallback percentage: 7.91% Iteration 79: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.11% Iteration 80: swpout inc: 182, swpout fallback inc: 41, Fallback percentage: 18.39% Iteration 81: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 1, Fallback percentage: 0.46% Iteration 82: swpout inc: 225, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.32% Iteration 83: swpout inc: 222, swpout fallback inc: 8, Fallback percentage: 3.48% Iteration 84: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 21, Fallback percentage: 9.46% Iteration 85: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 3, Fallback percentage: 1.40% Iteration 86: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.28% Iteration 87: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 42, Fallback percentage: 18.83% Iteration 88: swpout inc: 223, swpout fallback inc: 4, Fallback percentage: 1.76% Iteration 89: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.14% Iteration 90: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.67% Iteration 91: swpout inc: 184, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 14.42% Iteration 92: swpout inc: 201, swpout fallback inc: 32, Fallback percentage: 13.73% Iteration 93: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 40, Fallback percentage: 18.10% Iteration 94: swpout inc: 211, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.22% Iteration 95: swpout inc: 198, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.21% Iteration 96: swpout inc: 205, swpout fallback inc: 22, Fallback percentage: 9.69% Iteration 97: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% Iteration 98: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 10.96% Iteration 99: swpout inc: 218, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.22% Iteration 100: swpout inc: 195, swpout fallback inc: 34, Fallback percentage: 14.85% 4. w/o -a and w/ -s thp_swap_allocator_test -s Iteration 1: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 60, Fallback percentage: 25.75% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 85, swpout fallback inc: 147, Fallback percentage: 63.36% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 39, swpout fallback inc: 195, Fallback percentage: 83.33% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 13, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 94.42% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 97.31% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 97.29% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.57% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 216, Fallback percentage: 99.08% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 211, Fallback percentage: 98.14% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.55% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 223, Fallback percentage: 99.11% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 231, Fallback percentage: 99.14% ... * * Test results on Chris's v3 patchset: * 1. w/ -a ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 231, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 227, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 217, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.25% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 12, Fallback percentage: 5.29% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.17% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 207, swpout fallback inc: 15, Fallback percentage: 6.76% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.60% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 214, swpout fallback inc: 13, Fallback percentage: 5.73% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 199, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.16% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 208, swpout fallback inc: 14, Fallback percentage: 6.31% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 203, swpout fallback inc: 31, Fallback percentage: 13.25% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 192, swpout fallback inc: 25, Fallback percentage: 11.52% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 193, swpout fallback inc: 36, Fallback percentage: 15.72% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 188, swpout fallback inc: 33, Fallback percentage: 14.93% ... It seems Chris's approach can be negatively affected even by aligned swapin, having a low fallback ratio but not 0% while Ryan's patchset hasn't this issue. 2. w/o -a ./thp_swap_allocator_test Iteration 1: swpout inc: 209, swpout fallback inc: 24, Fallback percentage: 10.30% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 100, swpout fallback inc: 132, Fallback percentage: 56.90% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 43, swpout fallback inc: 183, Fallback percentage: 80.97% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 30, swpout fallback inc: 193, Fallback percentage: 86.55% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 21, swpout fallback inc: 205, Fallback percentage: 90.71% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 95.54% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 16, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 92.98% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 9, swpout fallback inc: 219, Fallback percentage: 96.05% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 6, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 97.35% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 96.94% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 8, swpout fallback inc: 212, Fallback percentage: 96.36% .. Ryan's fallback ratio(around 85%) seems to be a little better while both are much worse than "-a". 3. w/ -a and -s ./thp_swap_allocator_test -a -s Iteration 1: swpout inc: 224, swpout fallback inc: 0, Fallback percentage: 0.00% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 213, swpout fallback inc: 5, Fallback percentage: 2.29% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 7, Fallback percentage: 3.15% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 210, swpout fallback inc: 16, Fallback percentage: 7.08% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 212, swpout fallback inc: 10, Fallback percentage: 4.50% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 215, swpout fallback inc: 18, Fallback percentage: 7.73% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 181, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.20% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 173, swpout fallback inc: 55, Fallback percentage: 24.12% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 54, Fallback percentage: 24.88% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 59, Fallback percentage: 25.99% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 154, swpout fallback inc: 69, Fallback percentage: 30.94% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 166, swpout fallback inc: 66, Fallback percentage: 28.45% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 68, Fallback percentage: 30.09% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 168, swpout fallback inc: 57, Fallback percentage: 25.33% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 165, swpout fallback inc: 53, Fallback percentage: 24.31% Iteration 17: swpout inc: 163, swpout fallback inc: 49, Fallback percentage: 23.11% Iteration 18: swpout inc: 172, swpout fallback inc: 62, Fallback percentage: 26.50% Iteration 19: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 43, Fallback percentage: 19.03% Iteration 20: swpout inc: 158, swpout fallback inc: 73, Fallback percentage: 31.60% Iteration 21: swpout inc: 147, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 35.53% Iteration 22: swpout inc: 140, swpout fallback inc: 86, Fallback percentage: 38.05% Iteration 23: swpout inc: 144, swpout fallback inc: 79, Fallback percentage: 35.43% Iteration 24: swpout inc: 132, swpout fallback inc: 101, Fallback percentage: 43.35% Iteration 25: swpout inc: 133, swpout fallback inc: 82, Fallback percentage: 38.14% Iteration 26: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 78, Fallback percentage: 33.91% Iteration 27: swpout inc: 138, swpout fallback inc: 81, Fallback percentage: 36.99% Iteration 28: swpout inc: 152, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.74% Iteration 29: swpout inc: 153, swpout fallback inc: 75, Fallback percentage: 32.89% Iteration 30: swpout inc: 151, swpout fallback inc: 74, Fallback percentage: 32.89% ... Chris's approach appears to be more susceptible to negative effects from small folios. 4. w/o -a and w/ -s ./thp_swap_allocator_test -s Iteration 1: swpout inc: 183, swpout fallback inc: 50, Fallback percentage: 21.46% Iteration 2: swpout inc: 75, swpout fallback inc: 157, Fallback percentage: 67.67% Iteration 3: swpout inc: 33, swpout fallback inc: 201, Fallback percentage: 85.90% Iteration 4: swpout inc: 11, swpout fallback inc: 222, Fallback percentage: 95.28% Iteration 5: swpout inc: 10, swpout fallback inc: 215, Fallback percentage: 95.56% Iteration 6: swpout inc: 7, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 96.93% Iteration 7: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 221, Fallback percentage: 99.10% Iteration 8: swpout inc: 4, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 98.19% Iteration 9: swpout inc: 0, swpout fallback inc: 225, Fallback percentage: 100.00% Iteration 10: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 227, Fallback percentage: 98.70% Iteration 11: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 217, Fallback percentage: 99.54% Iteration 12: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 229, Fallback percentage: 99.13% Iteration 13: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 214, Fallback percentage: 99.53% Iteration 14: swpout inc: 2, swpout fallback inc: 220, Fallback percentage: 99.10% Iteration 15: swpout inc: 1, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 99.56% Iteration 16: swpout inc: 3, swpout fallback inc: 224, Fallback percentage: 98.68% ... Barry Song (1): tools/mm: Introduce a tool to assess swap entry allocation for thp_swapout tools/mm/Makefile | 2 +- tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 tools/mm/thp_swap_allocator_test.c