diff --git a/include/linux/fs.h b/include/linux/fs.h
index f7fdfe93e25d..cda996ddaee1 100644
--- a/include/linux/fs.h
+++ b/include/linux/fs.h
@@ -2871,6 +2871,10 @@ static inline int get_write_access(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	return atomic_inc_unless_negative(&inode->i_writecount) ? 0 : -ETXTBSY;
 }
+static inline int __deny_write_access(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return atomic_dec_unless_positive(&inode->i_writecount) ? 0 : -ETXTBSY;
+}
 static inline int deny_write_access(struct file *file)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
@@ -2880,6 +2884,10 @@ static inline void put_write_access(struct inode * inode)
 {
 	atomic_dec(&inode->i_writecount);
 }
+static inline void __allow_write_access(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	atomic_inc(&inode->i_writecount);
+}
 static inline void allow_write_access(struct file *file)
 {
 	if (file)
diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
index f0c76ba47695..546d45d9bdab 100644
--- a/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/mm/Kconfig
@@ -762,6 +762,17 @@ config GUP_BENCHMARK
 
 	  See tools/testing/selftests/vm/gup_benchmark.c
 
+config READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS
+	bool "Read-only THP for filesystems (EXPERIMENTAL)"
+	depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE && SHMEM
+
+	help
+	  Allow khugepaged to put read-only file-backed pages in THP.
+
+	  This is marked experimental because it makes files with thp in
+	  the page cache read-only. To overwrite the file, it need to be
+	  truncated or removed first.
+
 config ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL
 	bool
 
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index f5b79a43946d..966f24cee711 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -203,8 +203,9 @@ static void unaccount_page_cache_page(struct address_space *mapping,
 		__mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_SHMEM, -nr);
 		if (PageTransHuge(page))
 			__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM_THPS);
-	} else {
-		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageTransHuge(page), page);
+	} else if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
+		__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_THPS);
+		__allow_write_access(mapping->host);
 	}
 
 	/*
diff --git a/mm/khugepaged.c b/mm/khugepaged.c
index a335f7c1fac4..1855ace48488 100644
--- a/mm/khugepaged.c
+++ b/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ enum scan_result {
 	SCAN_CGROUP_CHARGE_FAIL,
 	SCAN_EXCEED_SWAP_PTE,
 	SCAN_TRUNCATED,
+	SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE,
 };
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
@@ -404,7 +405,13 @@ static bool hugepage_vma_check(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	    (vm_flags & VM_NOHUGEPAGE) ||
 	    test_bit(MMF_DISABLE_THP, &vma->vm_mm->flags))
 		return false;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS
+	if (shmem_file(vma->vm_file) ||
+	    (vma->vm_file && (vm_flags & VM_DENYWRITE))) {
+#else
 	if (shmem_file(vma->vm_file)) {
+#endif
 		if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGE_PAGECACHE))
 			return false;
 		return IS_ALIGNED((vma->vm_start >> PAGE_SHIFT) - vma->vm_pgoff,
@@ -456,8 +463,9 @@ int khugepaged_enter_vma_merge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	unsigned long hstart, hend;
 
 	/*
-	 * khugepaged does not yet work on non-shmem files or special
-	 * mappings. And file-private shmem THP is not supported.
+	 * khugepaged only supports read-only files for non-shmem files.
+	 * khugepaged does not yet work on special mappings. And
+	 * file-private shmem THP is not supported.
 	 */
 	if (!hugepage_vma_check(vma, vm_flags))
 		return 0;
@@ -1284,12 +1292,12 @@ static void retract_page_tables(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t pgoff)
 }
 
 /**
- * collapse_shmem - collapse small tmpfs/shmem pages into huge one.
+ * collapse_file - collapse filemap/tmpfs/shmem pages into huge one.
  *
  * Basic scheme is simple, details are more complex:
  *  - allocate and lock a new huge page;
  *  - scan page cache replacing old pages with the new one
- *    + swap in pages if necessary;
+ *    + swap/gup in pages if necessary;
  *    + fill in gaps;
  *    + keep old pages around in case rollback is required;
  *  - if replacing succeeds:
@@ -1301,10 +1309,11 @@ static void retract_page_tables(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t pgoff)
  *    + restore gaps in the page cache;
  *    + unlock and free huge page;
  */
-static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
+static void collapse_file(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t start,
 		struct page **hpage, int node)
 {
+	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
 	gfp_t gfp;
 	struct page *new_page;
 	struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
@@ -1312,7 +1321,11 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	LIST_HEAD(pagelist);
 	XA_STATE_ORDER(xas, &mapping->i_pages, start, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
 	int nr_none = 0, result = SCAN_SUCCEED;
+	bool is_shmem = shmem_file(vma->vm_file);
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS
+	VM_BUG_ON(!is_shmem);
+#endif
 	VM_BUG_ON(start & (HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1));
 
 	/* Only allocate from the target node */
@@ -1344,7 +1357,8 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	} while (1);
 
 	__SetPageLocked(new_page);
-	__SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
+	if (is_shmem)
+		__SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
 	new_page->index = start;
 	new_page->mapping = mapping;
 
@@ -1359,7 +1373,7 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		struct page *page = xas_next(&xas);
 
 		VM_BUG_ON(index != xas.xa_index);
-		if (!page) {
+		if (is_shmem && !page) {
 			/*
 			 * Stop if extent has been truncated or hole-punched,
 			 * and is now completely empty.
@@ -1380,7 +1394,7 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (xa_is_value(page) || !PageUptodate(page)) {
+		if (is_shmem && (xa_is_value(page) || !PageUptodate(page))) {
 			xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
 			/* swap in or instantiate fallocated page */
 			if (shmem_getpage(mapping->host, index, &page,
@@ -1388,6 +1402,24 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 				result = SCAN_FAIL;
 				goto xa_unlocked;
 			}
+		} else if (!page || xa_is_value(page)) {
+			unsigned long vaddr;
+
+			VM_BUG_ON(is_shmem);
+
+			vaddr = vma->vm_start +
+				((index - vma->vm_pgoff) << PAGE_SHIFT);
+			xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
+			if (get_user_pages_remote(NULL, mm, vaddr, 1,
+					FOLL_FORCE, &page, NULL, NULL) != 1) {
+				result = SCAN_FAIL;
+				goto xa_unlocked;
+			}
+			lru_add_drain();
+			lock_page(page);
+		} else if (!PageUptodate(page) || PageDirty(page)) {
+			result = SCAN_FAIL;
+			goto xa_locked;
 		} else if (trylock_page(page)) {
 			get_page(page);
 			xas_unlock_irq(&xas);
@@ -1422,6 +1454,12 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 			goto out_unlock;
 		}
 
+		if (page_has_private(page) &&
+		    !try_to_release_page(page, GFP_KERNEL)) {
+			result = SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE;
+			break;
+		}
+
 		if (page_mapped(page))
 			unmap_mapping_pages(mapping, index, 1, false);
 
@@ -1459,12 +1497,20 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		goto xa_unlocked;
 	}
 
-	__inc_node_page_state(new_page, NR_SHMEM_THPS);
+	if (is_shmem)
+		__inc_node_page_state(new_page, NR_SHMEM_THPS);
+	else {
+		__inc_node_page_state(new_page, NR_FILE_THPS);
+		__deny_write_access(mapping->host);
+	}
+
 	if (nr_none) {
 		struct zone *zone = page_zone(new_page);
 
 		__mod_node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_FILE_PAGES, nr_none);
-		__mod_node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_SHMEM, nr_none);
+		if (is_shmem)
+			__mod_node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_SHMEM,
+					      nr_none);
 	}
 
 xa_locked:
@@ -1502,10 +1548,15 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 
 		SetPageUptodate(new_page);
 		page_ref_add(new_page, HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1);
-		set_page_dirty(new_page);
 		mem_cgroup_commit_charge(new_page, memcg, false, true);
+
+		if (is_shmem) {
+			set_page_dirty(new_page);
+			lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
+		} else {
+			lru_cache_add_file(new_page);
+		}
 		count_memcg_events(memcg, THP_COLLAPSE_ALLOC, 1);
-		lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
 
 		/*
 		 * Remove pte page tables, so we can re-fault the page as huge.
@@ -1520,7 +1571,9 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 		/* Something went wrong: roll back page cache changes */
 		xas_lock_irq(&xas);
 		mapping->nrpages -= nr_none;
-		shmem_uncharge(mapping->host, nr_none);
+
+		if (is_shmem)
+			shmem_uncharge(mapping->host, nr_none);
 
 		xas_set(&xas, start);
 		xas_for_each(&xas, page, end - 1) {
@@ -1560,7 +1613,7 @@ static void collapse_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 	/* TODO: tracepoints */
 }
 
-static void khugepaged_scan_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
+static void khugepaged_scan_file(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		struct address_space *mapping,
 		pgoff_t start, struct page **hpage)
 {
@@ -1603,6 +1656,17 @@ static void khugepaged_scan_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 			break;
 		}
 
+		if (page_has_private(page) && trylock_page(page)) {
+			int ret;
+
+			ret = try_to_release_page(page, GFP_KERNEL);
+			unlock_page(page);
+			if (!ret) {
+				result = SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
 		if (page_count(page) != 1 + page_mapcount(page)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
 			break;
@@ -1628,14 +1692,14 @@ static void khugepaged_scan_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
 			result = SCAN_EXCEED_NONE_PTE;
 		} else {
 			node = khugepaged_find_target_node();
-			collapse_shmem(mm, mapping, start, hpage, node);
+			collapse_file(vma, mapping, start, hpage, node);
 		}
 	}
 
 	/* TODO: tracepoints */
 }
 #else
-static void khugepaged_scan_shmem(struct mm_struct *mm,
+static void khugepaged_scan_file(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		struct address_space *mapping,
 		pgoff_t start, struct page **hpage)
 {
@@ -1710,17 +1774,19 @@ static unsigned int khugepaged_scan_mm_slot(unsigned int pages,
 			VM_BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.address < hstart ||
 				  khugepaged_scan.address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE >
 				  hend);
-			if (shmem_file(vma->vm_file)) {
+			if (vma->vm_file) {
 				struct file *file;
 				pgoff_t pgoff = linear_page_index(vma,
 						khugepaged_scan.address);
-				if (!shmem_huge_enabled(vma))
+
+				if (shmem_file(vma->vm_file)
+				    && !shmem_huge_enabled(vma))
 					goto skip;
 				file = get_file(vma->vm_file);
 				up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 				ret = 1;
-				khugepaged_scan_shmem(mm, file->f_mapping,
-						pgoff, hpage);
+				khugepaged_scan_file(vma, file->f_mapping,
+						     pgoff, hpage);
 				fput(file);
 			} else {
 				ret = khugepaged_scan_pmd(mm, vma,
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index e5dfe2ae6b0d..87cfa2c19eda 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -1192,8 +1192,10 @@ void page_add_file_rmap(struct page *page, bool compound)
 		}
 		if (!atomic_inc_and_test(compound_mapcount_ptr(page)))
 			goto out;
-		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);
-		__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM_PMDMAPPED);
+		if (PageSwapBacked(page))
+			__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM_PMDMAPPED);
+		else
+			__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PMDMAPPED);
 	} else {
 		if (PageTransCompound(page) && page_mapping(page)) {
 			VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(!PageLocked(page));
@@ -1232,8 +1234,10 @@ static void page_remove_file_rmap(struct page *page, bool compound)
 		}
 		if (!atomic_add_negative(-1, compound_mapcount_ptr(page)))
 			goto out;
-		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);
-		__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM_PMDMAPPED);
+		if (PageSwapBacked(page))
+			__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_SHMEM_PMDMAPPED);
+		else
+			__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PMDMAPPED);
 	} else {
 		if (!atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount))
 			goto out;
