From patchwork Tue Apr 21 14:26:03 2020 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Catalin Marinas X-Patchwork-Id: 11501609 Return-Path: Received: from mail.kernel.org (pdx-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.123]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 7B94A1575 for ; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 14:27:19 +0000 (UTC) Received: from kanga.kvack.org (kanga.kvack.org [205.233.56.17]) by mail.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4BC8C206B9 for ; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 14:27:18 +0000 (UTC) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.3.2 mail.kernel.org 4BC8C206B9 Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; dmarc=none (p=none dis=none) header.from=arm.com Authentication-Results: mail.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) id 9DFF98E001C; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 10:26:55 -0400 (EDT) Delivered-To: linux-mm-outgoing@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 40) id 966CC8E0003; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 10:26:55 -0400 (EDT) X-Original-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org X-Delivered-To: int-list-linux-mm@kvack.org Received: by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix, from userid 63042) id 855578E001C; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 10:26:55 -0400 (EDT) X-Original-To: linux-mm@kvack.org X-Delivered-To: linux-mm@kvack.org Received: from forelay.hostedemail.com (smtprelay0159.hostedemail.com [216.40.44.159]) by kanga.kvack.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 6C5208E0003 for ; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 10:26:55 -0400 (EDT) Received: from smtpin23.hostedemail.com (10.5.19.251.rfc1918.com [10.5.19.251]) by forelay01.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 30D81180AD81F for ; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 14:26:55 +0000 (UTC) X-FDA: 76732088790.23.story06_1f3e700f5bd53 X-Spam-Summary: 2,0,0,612a23a9839fccab,d41d8cd98f00b204,catalin.marinas@arm.com,,RULES_HIT:1:41:69:355:379:541:800:960:966:968:973:982:988:989:1042:1260:1261:1311:1314:1345:1359:1437:1515:1605:1730:1747:1777:1792:1801:2196:2199:2393:2553:2559:2562:2639:2693:2895:2901:2904:2918:2924:2926:3138:3139:3140:3141:3142:3865:3866:3867:3868:3870:3871:3872:3874:4250:4321:4385:4605:5007:6117:6119:6261:7576:7875:7903:7904:8634:8660:8784:9121:11026:11232:11233:11473:11657:11658:11914:12043:12291:12296:12297:12438:12555:12679:12683:12740:12895:12986:13138:13148:13180:13229:13230:13231:13894:13972:14394:14827:21063:21080:21230:21433:21451:21611:21627:21772:21795:21966:21990:30003:30012:30029:30034:30051:30054:30055:30056:30070:30090,0,RBL:217.140.110.172:@arm.com:.lbl8.mailshell.net-62.2.0.100 64.100.201.201,CacheIP:none,Bayesian:0.5,0.5,0.5,Netcheck:none,DomainCache:0,MSF:not bulk,SPF:fp,MSBL:0,DNSBL:neutral,Custom_rules:0:1:0,LFtime:24,LUA_SUMMARY:none X-HE-Tag: story06_1f3e700f5bd53 X-Filterd-Recvd-Size: 14881 Received: from foss.arm.com (foss.arm.com [217.140.110.172]) by imf40.hostedemail.com (Postfix) with ESMTP for ; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 14:26:54 +0000 (UTC) Received: from usa-sjc-imap-foss1.foss.arm.com (unknown [10.121.207.14]) by usa-sjc-mx-foss1.foss.arm.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4629511D4; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 07:26:54 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain (unknown [172.31.20.19]) by usa-sjc-imap-foss1.foss.arm.com (Postfix) with ESMTPA id B80453F68F; Tue, 21 Apr 2020 07:26:52 -0700 (PDT) From: Catalin Marinas To: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: Will Deacon , Vincenzo Frascino , Szabolcs Nagy , Richard Earnshaw , Kevin Brodsky , Andrey Konovalov , Peter Collingbourne , linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 23/23] arm64: mte: Add Memory Tagging Extension documentation Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 15:26:03 +0100 Message-Id: <20200421142603.3894-24-catalin.marinas@arm.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.20.1 In-Reply-To: <20200421142603.3894-1-catalin.marinas@arm.com> References: <20200421142603.3894-1-catalin.marinas@arm.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Bogosity: Ham, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.000000, version=1.2.4 Sender: owner-linux-mm@kvack.org Precedence: bulk X-Loop: owner-majordomo@kvack.org List-ID: From: Vincenzo Frascino Memory Tagging Extension (part of the ARMv8.5 Extensions) provides a mechanism to detect the sources of memory related errors which may be vulnerable to exploitation, including bounds violations, use-after-free, use-after-return, use-out-of-scope and use before initialization errors. Add Memory Tagging Extension documentation for the arm64 linux kernel support. Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino Co-developed-by: Catalin Marinas Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas Cc: Will Deacon --- Notes: v3: - Modify the uaccess checking conditions: only when the sync mode is selected by the user. In async mode, the kernel uaccesses are not checked. - Clarify that an include mask of 0 (exclude mask 0xffff) results in always generating tag 0. - Document the ptrace() interface. v2: - Documented the uaccess kernel tag checking mode. - Removed the BTI definitions from cpu-feature-registers.rst. - Removed the paragraph stating that MTE depends on the tagged address ABI (while the Kconfig entry does, there is no requirement for the user to enable both). - Changed the GCR_EL1.Exclude handling description following the change in the prctl() interface (include vs exclude mask). - Updated the example code. Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst | 2 + Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst | 5 + Documentation/arm64/index.rst | 1 + .../arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst | 260 ++++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 268 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst b/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst index 41937a8091aa..b5679fa85ad9 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst +++ b/Documentation/arm64/cpu-feature-registers.rst @@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ infrastructure: +------------------------------+---------+---------+ | Name | bits | visible | +------------------------------+---------+---------+ + | MTE | [11-8] | y | + +------------------------------+---------+---------+ | SSBS | [7-4] | y | +------------------------------+---------+---------+ diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst b/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst index 7dfb97dfe416..ca7f90e99e3a 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst +++ b/Documentation/arm64/elf_hwcaps.rst @@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ HWCAP2_RNG Functionality implied by ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.RNDR == 0b0001. +HWCAP2_MTE + + Functionality implied by ID_AA64PFR1_EL1.MTE == 0b0010, as described + by Documentation/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst. + 4. Unused AT_HWCAP bits ----------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/index.rst b/Documentation/arm64/index.rst index 09cbb4ed2237..4cd0e696f064 100644 --- a/Documentation/arm64/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/arm64/index.rst @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ ARM64 Architecture hugetlbpage legacy_instructions memory + memory-tagging-extension pointer-authentication silicon-errata sve diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst b/Documentation/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..f82dfbd70061 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arm64/memory-tagging-extension.rst @@ -0,0 +1,260 @@ +=============================================== +Memory Tagging Extension (MTE) in AArch64 Linux +=============================================== + +Authors: Vincenzo Frascino + Catalin Marinas + +Date: 2020-02-25 + +This document describes the provision of the Memory Tagging Extension +functionality in AArch64 Linux. + +Introduction +============ + +ARMv8.5 based processors introduce the Memory Tagging Extension (MTE) +feature. MTE is built on top of the ARMv8.0 virtual address tagging TBI +(Top Byte Ignore) feature and allows software to access a 4-bit +allocation tag for each 16-byte granule in the physical address space. +Such memory range must be mapped with the Normal-Tagged memory +attribute. A logical tag is derived from bits 59-56 of the virtual +address used for the memory access. A CPU with MTE enabled will compare +the logical tag against the allocation tag and potentially raise an +exception on mismatch, subject to system registers configuration. + +Userspace Support +================= + +When ``CONFIG_ARM64_MTE`` is selected and Memory Tagging Extension is +supported by the hardware, the kernel advertises the feature to +userspace via ``HWCAP2_MTE``. + +PROT_MTE +-------- + +To access the allocation tags, a user process must enable the Tagged +memory attribute on an address range using a new ``prot`` flag for +``mmap()`` and ``mprotect()``: + +``PROT_MTE`` - Pages allow access to the MTE allocation tags. + +The allocation tag is set to 0 when such pages are first mapped in the +user address space and preserved on copy-on-write. ``MAP_SHARED`` is +supported and the allocation tags can be shared between processes. + +**Note**: ``PROT_MTE`` is only supported on ``MAP_ANONYMOUS`` and +RAM-based file mappings (``tmpfs``, ``memfd``). Passing it to other +types of mapping will result in ``-EINVAL`` returned by these system +calls. + +**Note**: The ``PROT_MTE`` flag (and corresponding memory type) cannot +be cleared by ``mprotect()``. + +Tag Check Faults +---------------- + +When ``PROT_MTE`` is enabled on an address range and a mismatch between +the logical and allocation tags occurs on access, there are three +configurable behaviours: + +- *Ignore* - This is the default mode. The CPU (and kernel) ignores the + tag check fault. + +- *Synchronous* - The kernel raises a ``SIGSEGV`` synchronously, with + ``.si_code = SEGV_MTESERR`` and ``.si_addr = ``. The + memory access is not performed. + +- *Asynchronous* - The kernel raises a ``SIGSEGV``, in the current + thread, asynchronously following one or multiple tag check faults, + with ``.si_code = SEGV_MTEAERR`` and ``.si_addr = 0``. + +**Note**: There are no *match-all* logical tags available for user +applications. + +The user can select the above modes, per thread, using the +``prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, flags, 0, 0, 0)`` system call where +``flags`` contain one of the following values in the ``PR_MTE_TCF_MASK`` +bit-field: + +- ``PR_MTE_TCF_NONE`` - *Ignore* tag check faults +- ``PR_MTE_TCF_SYNC`` - *Synchronous* tag check fault mode +- ``PR_MTE_TCF_ASYNC`` - *Asynchronous* tag check fault mode + +Tag checking can also be disabled for a user thread by setting the +``PSTATE.TCO`` bit with ``MSR TCO, #1``. + +**Note**: Signal handlers are always invoked with ``PSTATE.TCO = 0``, +irrespective of the interrupted context. + +**Note**: Kernel accesses to user memory (e.g. ``read()`` system call) +are only checked if the current thread tag checking mode is +PR_MTE_TCF_SYNC. + +Excluding Tags in the ``IRG``, ``ADDG`` and ``SUBG`` instructions +----------------------------------------------------------------- + +The architecture allows excluding certain tags to be randomly generated +via the ``GCR_EL1.Exclude`` register bit-field. By default, Linux +excludes all tags other than 0. A user thread can enable specific tags +in the randomly generated set using the ``prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, +flags, 0, 0, 0)`` system call where ``flags`` contains the tags bitmap +in the ``PR_MTE_TAG_MASK`` bit-field. + +**Note**: The hardware uses an exclude mask but the ``prctl()`` +interface provides an include mask. An include mask of ``0`` (exclusion +mask ``0xffff``) results in the CPU always generating tag ``0``. + +The ``ptrace()`` interface +-------------------------- + +``PTRACE_PEEKMTETAGS`` and ``PTRACE_POKEMTETAGS`` allow a tracer to read +the tags from or set the tags to a tracee's address space. The +``ptrace()`` syscall is invoked as ``ptrace(request, pid, addr, data)`` +where: + +- ``request`` - one of ``PTRACE_PEEKMTETAGS`` or ``PTRACE_PEEKMTETAGS``. +- ``pid`` - the tracee's PID. +- ``addr`` - address in the tracee's address space. +- ``data`` - pointer to a ``struct iovec`` where ``iov_base`` points to + a buffer of ``iov_len`` length in the tracer's address space. + +The tags in the tracer's ``iov_base`` buffer are represented as one tag +per byte and correspond to a 16-byte MTE tag granule in the tracee's +address space. + +``ptrace()`` return value: + +- 0 - success, the tracer's ``iov_len`` was updated to the number of + tags copied (it may be smaller than the requested ``iov_len`` if the + requested address range in the tracee's or the tracer's space cannot + be fully accessed). +- ``-EPERM`` - the specified process cannot be traced. +- ``-EIO`` - the tracee's address range cannot be accessed (e.g. invalid + address) and no tags copied. ``iov_len`` not updated. +- ``-EFAULT`` - fault on accessing the tracer's memory (``struct iovec`` + or ``iov_base`` buffer) and no tags copied. ``iov_len`` not updated. + +Example of correct usage +======================== + +*MTE Example code* + +.. code-block:: c + + /* + * To be compiled with -march=armv8.5-a+memtag + */ + #include + #include + #include + #include + #include + #include + #include + + /* + * From arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h + */ + #define HWCAP2_MTE (1 << 18) + + /* + * From arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/mman.h + */ + #define PROT_MTE 0x20 + + /* + * From include/uapi/linux/prctl.h + */ + #define PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL 55 + #define PR_GET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL 56 + # define PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE (1UL << 0) + # define PR_MTE_TCF_SHIFT 1 + # define PR_MTE_TCF_NONE (0UL << PR_MTE_TCF_SHIFT) + # define PR_MTE_TCF_SYNC (1UL << PR_MTE_TCF_SHIFT) + # define PR_MTE_TCF_ASYNC (2UL << PR_MTE_TCF_SHIFT) + # define PR_MTE_TCF_MASK (3UL << PR_MTE_TCF_SHIFT) + # define PR_MTE_TAG_SHIFT 3 + # define PR_MTE_TAG_MASK (0xffffUL << PR_MTE_TAG_SHIFT) + + /* + * Insert a random logical tag into the given pointer. + */ + #define insert_random_tag(ptr) ({ \ + __u64 __val; \ + asm("irg %0, %1" : "=r" (__val) : "r" (ptr)); \ + __val; \ + }) + + /* + * Set the allocation tag on the destination address. + */ + #define set_tag(tagged_addr) do { \ + asm volatile("stg %0, [%0]" : : "r" (tagged_addr) : "memory"); \ + } while (0) + + int main() + { + unsigned long *a; + unsigned long page_sz = getpagesize(); + unsigned long hwcap2 = getauxval(AT_HWCAP2); + + /* check if MTE is present */ + if (!(hwcap2 & HWCAP2_MTE)) + return -1; + + /* + * Enable the tagged address ABI, synchronous MTE tag check faults and + * allow all non-zero tags in the randomly generated set. + */ + if (prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, + PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE | PR_MTE_TCF_SYNC | (0xfffe << PR_MTE_TAG_SHIFT), + 0, 0, 0)) { + perror("prctl() failed"); + return -1; + } + + a = mmap(0, page_sz, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); + if (a == MAP_FAILED) { + perror("mmap() failed"); + return -1; + } + + /* + * Enable MTE on the above anonymous mmap. The flag could be passed + * directly to mmap() and skip this step. + */ + if (mprotect(a, page_sz, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_MTE)) { + perror("mprotect() failed"); + return -1; + } + + /* access with the default tag (0) */ + a[0] = 1; + a[1] = 2; + + printf("a[0] = %lu a[1] = %lu\n", a[0], a[1]); + + /* set the logical and allocation tags */ + a = (unsigned long *)insert_random_tag(a); + set_tag(a); + + printf("%p\n", a); + + /* non-zero tag access */ + a[0] = 3; + printf("a[0] = %lu a[1] = %lu\n", a[0], a[1]); + + /* + * If MTE is enabled correctly the next instruction will generate an + * exception. + */ + printf("Expecting SIGSEGV...\n"); + a[2] = 0xdead; + + /* this should not be printed in the PR_MTE_TCF_SYNC mode */ + printf("...done\n"); + + return 0; + }