diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h
index 40497a9020c6..8668bc661026 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h
@@ -110,9 +110,11 @@
 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE)
 #define _PAGE_NX	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_NX)
 #define _PAGE_DEVMAP	(_AT(u64, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_DEVMAP)
+#define _PAGE_SOFTW4	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_SOFTW4)
 #else
 #define _PAGE_NX	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
 #define _PAGE_DEVMAP	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
+#define _PAGE_SOFTW4	(_AT(pteval_t, 0))
 #endif
 
 #define _PAGE_PROTNONE	(_AT(pteval_t, 1) << _PAGE_BIT_PROTNONE)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h
index 98fa0a114074..923d34a7214d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h
@@ -259,6 +259,127 @@ static inline void arch_tlbbatch_add_mm(struct arch_tlbflush_unmap_batch *batch,
 
 extern void arch_tlbbatch_flush(struct arch_tlbflush_unmap_batch *batch);
 
+static inline bool pte_flags_need_flush(unsigned long oldflags,
+					unsigned long newflags,
+					bool ignore_access)
+{
+	unsigned long diff = oldflags ^ newflags;
+	pteval_t enable_mask, ignore_mask;
+
+	/* Ignore software bits */
+	ignore_mask = _PAGE_SOFTW1 | _PAGE_SOFTW2 | _PAGE_SOFTW3 | _PAGE_SOFTW4;
+
+	/*
+	 * Flags that require a flush when cleared but not when they are set.
+	 * We only include flags that would not trigger spurious page-faults.
+	 * Non-present entries are not cached. Hardware would set the
+	 * dirty/access bit if needed without a fault.
+	 */
+	enable_mask = _PAGE_DIRTY | _PAGE_PRESENT;
+
+	if (ignore_access)
+		ignore_mask |= _PAGE_ACCESSED;
+	else
+		enable_mask |= _PAGE_ACCESSED;
+
+	/*
+	 * Flags that indicate feature enabling are set in the old flags but
+	 * not in the new flags; feature disabled; need flush.
+	 */
+	if (diff & oldflags & enable_mask)
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * For other non-software flags (e.g., protection-keys, cachability,
+	 * page-size, NX, write), we require a flush. For some cases (e.g.,
+	 * protection keys) it is architecturally required, in others (e.g., NX)
+	 * is done to avoid spurious page-faults.
+	 */
+	if (diff & ~(ignore_mask | enable_mask))
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pte_needs_flush() checks whether permissions were demoted and require a
+ * flush. It should only be used for userspace PTEs.
+ */
+static inline bool pte_needs_flush(pte_t oldpte, pte_t newpte)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We first check whether only the new or old PTE is present.  These
+	 * tests are a more conservative than checking _PAGE_PRESENT as done by
+	 * pte_flags_need_flush() since pte_present() also checks
+	 * _PAGE_PROTNONE. Apparently _PAGE_PROTNONE can be ignored, since
+	 * changes to _PAGE_PROTNONE are already followed by a flush. But for
+	 * now, be conservative.
+	 *
+	 * In the future the first pte_present(oldpte) test can just check the
+	 * _PAGE_PRESENT flag and the second one dropped.
+	 */
+
+	/* !PRESENT -> * ; no need for flush */
+	if (!pte_present(oldpte))
+		return false;
+
+	/* PRESENT -> !PRESENT ; needs flush */
+	if (!pte_present(newpte))
+		return true;
+
+	/* PFN changed ; needs flush */
+	if (pte_pfn(oldpte) != pte_pfn(newpte))
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * check PTE flags; ignore access-bit; see comment in
+	 * ptep_clear_flush_young().
+	 */
+	return pte_flags_need_flush(pte_flags(oldpte), pte_flags(newpte),
+				    true);
+}
+#define pte_needs_flush pte_needs_flush
+
+/*
+ * huge_pmd_needs_flush() checks whether permissions were demoted and require a
+ * flush. It should only be used for userspace huge PMDs.
+ */
+static inline bool huge_pmd_needs_flush(pmd_t oldpmd, pmd_t newpmd)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We first check whether only the new or old PMD is present.  These
+	 * tests are a more conservative than checking _PAGE_PRESENT as later
+	 * done by pte_flags_need_flush(), since pte_present() also checks
+	 * _PAGE_PROTNONE and _PAGE_PSE. Apparently, both _PAGE_PROTNONE and
+	 * _PAGE_PSE can be ignored: changes to _PAGE_PROTNONE are followed by
+	 * flush and _PAGE_PSE might only be set (without _PAGE_PRESENT) while
+	 * the PMD's page-table lock is taken. But be conservative for now.
+	 *
+	 * In the future the first pte_present(oldpmd) test can just check the
+	 * _PAGE_PRESENT flag and the second one dropped.
+	 */
+
+	/* !PRESENT -> * ; no need for flush */
+	if (!pmd_present(oldpmd))
+		return false;
+
+	/* PRESENT -> !PRESENT ; needs flush */
+	if (!pmd_present(newpmd))
+		return true;
+
+	/* PFN changed ; needs flush */
+	if (pmd_pfn(oldpmd) != pmd_pfn(newpmd))
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * check PMD flags; do not ignore access-bit; see
+	 * pmdp_clear_flush_young().
+	 */
+	return pte_flags_need_flush(pmd_flags(oldpmd), pmd_flags(newpmd),
+				    false);
+}
+#define huge_pmd_needs_flush huge_pmd_needs_flush
+
 #endif /* !MODULE */
 
 static inline void __native_tlb_flush_global(unsigned long cr4)
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/tlb.h b/include/asm-generic/tlb.h
index fd7feb5c7894..3a30e23fa35d 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/tlb.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/tlb.h
@@ -654,6 +654,20 @@ static inline void tlb_flush_p4d_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 	} while (0)
 #endif
 
+#ifndef pte_needs_flush
+static inline bool pte_needs_flush(pte_t oldpte, pte_t newpte)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef huge_pmd_needs_flush
+static inline bool huge_pmd_needs_flush(pmd_t oldpmd, pmd_t newpmd)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_GENERIC__TLB_H */
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index d58a5b498011..51b0f3cb1ba0 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
-	pmd_t entry;
+	pmd_t oldpmd, entry;
 	bool preserve_write;
 	int ret;
 	bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;
@@ -1784,9 +1784,9 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	 * pmdp_invalidate() is required to make sure we don't miss
 	 * dirty/young flags set by hardware.
 	 */
-	entry = pmdp_invalidate(vma, addr, pmd);
+	oldpmd = pmdp_invalidate(vma, addr, pmd);
 
-	entry = pmd_modify(entry, newprot);
+	entry = pmd_modify(oldpmd, newprot);
 	if (preserve_write)
 		entry = pmd_mk_savedwrite(entry);
 	if (uffd_wp) {
@@ -1803,7 +1803,8 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	ret = HPAGE_PMD_NR;
 	set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, entry);
 
-	tlb_flush_pmd_range(tlb, addr, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
+	if (huge_pmd_needs_flush(oldpmd, entry))
+		tlb_flush_pmd_range(tlb, addr, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
 
 	BUG_ON(vma_is_anonymous(vma) && !preserve_write && pmd_write(entry));
 unlock:
diff --git a/mm/mprotect.c b/mm/mprotect.c
index ba3fc6d5ed2a..dd963e5da118 100644
--- a/mm/mprotect.c
+++ b/mm/mprotect.c
@@ -152,7 +152,8 @@ static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				ptent = pte_mkwrite(ptent);
 			}
 			ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, addr, pte, oldpte, ptent);
-			tlb_flush_pte_range(tlb, addr, PAGE_SIZE);
+			if (pte_needs_flush(oldpte, ptent))
+				tlb_flush_pte_range(tlb, addr, PAGE_SIZE);
 			pages++;
 		} else if (is_swap_pte(oldpte)) {
 			swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(oldpte);
