diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index cf3d0d673f6b..5ad465f5e830 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -1311,6 +1311,18 @@ static inline int folio_nid(const struct folio *folio)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
+/* page access time bits needs to hold at least 4 seconds */
+#define PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_MIN_BITS	12
+#if LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT < PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_MIN_BITS
+#define PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_BUCKETS				\
+	(PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_MIN_BITS - LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT)
+#else
+#define PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_BUCKETS	0
+#endif
+
+#define PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_MASK				\
+	(LAST_CPUPID_MASK << PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_BUCKETS)
+
 static inline int cpu_pid_to_cpupid(int cpu, int pid)
 {
 	return ((cpu & LAST__CPU_MASK) << LAST__PID_SHIFT) | (pid & LAST__PID_MASK);
@@ -1374,12 +1386,25 @@ static inline void page_cpupid_reset_last(struct page *page)
 	page->flags |= LAST_CPUPID_MASK << LAST_CPUPID_PGSHIFT;
 }
 #endif /* LAST_CPUPID_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS */
+
+static inline int xchg_page_access_time(struct page *page, int time)
+{
+	int last_time;
+
+	last_time = page_cpupid_xchg_last(page, time >> PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_BUCKETS);
+	return last_time << PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_BUCKETS;
+}
 #else /* !CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */
 static inline int page_cpupid_xchg_last(struct page *page, int cpupid)
 {
 	return page_to_nid(page); /* XXX */
 }
 
+static inline int xchg_page_access_time(struct page *page, int time)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline int page_cpupid_last(struct page *page)
 {
 	return page_to_nid(page); /* XXX */
diff --git a/kernel/sched/debug.c b/kernel/sched/debug.c
index bb3d63bdf4ae..ad63dbfc54f1 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/debug.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/debug.c
@@ -333,6 +333,7 @@ static __init int sched_init_debug(void)
 	debugfs_create_u32("scan_period_min_ms", 0644, numa, &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_min);
 	debugfs_create_u32("scan_period_max_ms", 0644, numa, &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_max);
 	debugfs_create_u32("scan_size_mb", 0644, numa, &sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size);
+	debugfs_create_u32("hot_threshold_ms", 0644, numa, &sysctl_numa_balancing_hot_threshold);
 #endif
 
 	debugfs_create_file("debug", 0444, debugfs_sched, NULL, &sched_debug_fops);
diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index 77b2048a9326..edc3d741ef84 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -1070,6 +1070,9 @@ unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size = 256;
 /* Scan @scan_size MB every @scan_period after an initial @scan_delay in ms */
 unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay = 1000;
 
+/* The page with hint page fault latency < threshold in ms is considered hot */
+unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_hot_threshold = MSEC_PER_SEC;
+
 struct numa_group {
 	refcount_t refcount;
 
@@ -1412,6 +1415,68 @@ static inline unsigned long group_weight(struct task_struct *p, int nid,
 	return 1000 * faults / total_faults;
 }
 
+/*
+ * If memory tiering mode is enabled, cpupid of slow memory page is
+ * used to record scan time instead of CPU and PID.  When tiering mode
+ * is disabled at run time, the scan time (in cpupid) will be
+ * interpreted as CPU and PID.  So CPU needs to be checked to avoid to
+ * access out of array bound.
+ */
+static inline bool cpupid_valid(int cpupid)
+{
+	return cpupid_to_cpu(cpupid) < nr_cpu_ids;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For memory tiering mode, if there are enough free pages (more than
+ * enough watermark defined here) in fast memory node, to take full
+ * advantage of fast memory capacity, all recently accessed slow
+ * memory pages will be migrated to fast memory node without
+ * considering hot threshold.
+ */
+static bool pgdat_free_space_enough(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
+{
+	int z;
+	unsigned long enough_wmark;
+
+	enough_wmark = max(1UL * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+			   pgdat->node_present_pages >> 4);
+	for (z = pgdat->nr_zones - 1; z >= 0; z--) {
+		struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + z;
+
+		if (!populated_zone(zone))
+			continue;
+
+		if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0,
+				      wmark_pages(zone, WMARK_PROMO) + enough_wmark,
+				      ZONE_MOVABLE, 0))
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * For memory tiering mode, when page tables are scanned, the scan
+ * time will be recorded in struct page in addition to make page
+ * PROT_NONE for slow memory page.  So when the page is accessed, in
+ * hint page fault handler, the hint page fault latency is calculated
+ * via,
+ *
+ *	hint page fault latency = hint page fault time - scan time
+ *
+ * The smaller the hint page fault latency, the higher the possibility
+ * for the page to be hot.
+ */
+static int numa_hint_fault_latency(struct page *page)
+{
+	int last_time, time;
+
+	time = jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies);
+	last_time = xchg_page_access_time(page, time);
+
+	return (time - last_time) & PAGE_ACCESS_TIME_MASK;
+}
+
 bool should_numa_migrate_memory(struct task_struct *p, struct page * page,
 				int src_nid, int dst_cpu)
 {
@@ -1419,9 +1484,34 @@ bool should_numa_migrate_memory(struct task_struct *p, struct page * page,
 	int dst_nid = cpu_to_node(dst_cpu);
 	int last_cpupid, this_cpupid;
 
+	/*
+	 * The pages in slow memory node should be migrated according
+	 * to hot/cold instead of private/shared.
+	 */
+	if (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING &&
+	    !node_is_toptier(src_nid)) {
+		struct pglist_data *pgdat;
+		unsigned long latency, th;
+
+		pgdat = NODE_DATA(dst_nid);
+		if (pgdat_free_space_enough(pgdat))
+			return true;
+
+		th = sysctl_numa_balancing_hot_threshold;
+		latency = numa_hint_fault_latency(page);
+		if (latency >= th)
+			return false;
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	this_cpupid = cpu_pid_to_cpupid(dst_cpu, current->pid);
 	last_cpupid = page_cpupid_xchg_last(page, this_cpupid);
 
+	if (!(sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING) &&
+	    !node_is_toptier(src_nid) && !cpupid_valid(last_cpupid))
+		return false;
+
 	/*
 	 * Allow first faults or private faults to migrate immediately early in
 	 * the lifetime of a task. The magic number 4 is based on waiting for
@@ -2654,6 +2744,15 @@ void task_numa_fault(int last_cpupid, int mem_node, int pages, int flags)
 	if (!p->mm)
 		return;
 
+	/*
+	 * NUMA faults statistics are unnecessary for the slow memory
+	 * node for memory tiering mode.
+	 */
+	if (!node_is_toptier(mem_node) &&
+	    (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING ||
+	     !cpupid_valid(last_cpupid)))
+		return;
+
 	/* Allocate buffer to track faults on a per-node basis */
 	if (unlikely(!p->numa_faults)) {
 		int size = sizeof(*p->numa_faults) *
diff --git a/kernel/sched/sched.h b/kernel/sched/sched.h
index 47b89a0fc6e5..64a7f15be0e3 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/sched.h
+++ b/kernel/sched/sched.h
@@ -2411,6 +2411,7 @@ extern unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_delay;
 extern unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_min;
 extern unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_max;
 extern unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_size;
+extern unsigned int sysctl_numa_balancing_hot_threshold;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HRTICK
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 834f288b3769..6f9831ae10fe 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ vm_fault_t do_huge_pmd_numa_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	struct page *page;
 	unsigned long haddr = vmf->address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
 	int page_nid = NUMA_NO_NODE;
-	int target_nid, last_cpupid = -1;
+	int target_nid, last_cpupid = (-1 & LAST_CPUPID_MASK);
 	bool migrated = false;
 	bool was_writable = pmd_savedwrite(oldpmd);
 	int flags = 0;
@@ -1431,7 +1431,12 @@ vm_fault_t do_huge_pmd_numa_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 		flags |= TNF_NO_GROUP;
 
 	page_nid = page_to_nid(page);
-	last_cpupid = page_cpupid_last(page);
+	/*
+	 * For memory tiering mode, cpupid of slow memory page is used
+	 * to record page access time.  So use default value.
+	 */
+	if (node_is_toptier(page_nid))
+		last_cpupid = page_cpupid_last(page);
 	target_nid = numa_migrate_prep(page, vma, haddr, page_nid,
 				       &flags);
 
@@ -1755,6 +1760,7 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 
 	if (prot_numa) {
 		struct page *page;
+		bool toptier;
 		/*
 		 * Avoid trapping faults against the zero page. The read-only
 		 * data is likely to be read-cached on the local CPU and
@@ -1767,13 +1773,18 @@ int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			goto unlock;
 
 		page = pmd_page(*pmd);
+		toptier = node_is_toptier(page_to_nid(page));
 		/*
 		 * Skip scanning top tier node if normal numa
 		 * balancing is disabled
 		 */
 		if (!(sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL) &&
-		    node_is_toptier(page_to_nid(page)))
+		    toptier)
 			goto unlock;
+
+		if (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING &&
+		    !toptier)
+			xchg_page_access_time(page, jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies));
 	}
 	/*
 	 * In case prot_numa, we are under mmap_read_lock(mm). It's critical
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 3383d3530a4f..c1dac8095880 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
 
 #include <trace/events/kmem.h>
 
@@ -4726,8 +4727,16 @@ static vm_fault_t do_numa_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	if (page_mapcount(page) > 1 && (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
 		flags |= TNF_SHARED;
 
-	last_cpupid = page_cpupid_last(page);
 	page_nid = page_to_nid(page);
+	/*
+	 * For memory tiering mode, cpupid of slow memory page is used
+	 * to record page access time.  So use default value.
+	 */
+	if ((sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING) &&
+	    !node_is_toptier(page_nid))
+		last_cpupid = (-1 & LAST_CPUPID_MASK);
+	else
+		last_cpupid = page_cpupid_last(page);
 	target_nid = numa_migrate_prep(page, vma, vmf->address, page_nid,
 			&flags);
 	if (target_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) {
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index 2ab026e305ac..1e977d45199e 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -541,6 +541,18 @@ void folio_migrate_flags(struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *folio)
 	 * future migrations of this same page.
 	 */
 	cpupid = page_cpupid_xchg_last(&folio->page, -1);
+	/*
+	 * For memory tiering mode, when migrate between slow and fast
+	 * memory node, reset cpupid, because that is used to record
+	 * page access time in slow memory node.
+	 */
+	if (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING) {
+		bool f_toptier = node_is_toptier(page_to_nid(&folio->page));
+		bool t_toptier = node_is_toptier(page_to_nid(&newfolio->page));
+
+		if (f_toptier != t_toptier)
+			cpupid = -1;
+	}
 	page_cpupid_xchg_last(&newfolio->page, cpupid);
 
 	folio_migrate_ksm(newfolio, folio);
diff --git a/mm/mprotect.c b/mm/mprotect.c
index ba5592655ee3..4da10376a23b 100644
--- a/mm/mprotect.c
+++ b/mm/mprotect.c
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 			if (prot_numa) {
 				struct page *page;
 				int nid;
+				bool toptier;
 
 				/* Avoid TLB flush if possible */
 				if (pte_protnone(oldpte))
@@ -118,14 +119,19 @@ static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 				nid = page_to_nid(page);
 				if (target_node == nid)
 					continue;
+				toptier = node_is_toptier(nid);
 
 				/*
 				 * Skip scanning top tier node if normal numa
 				 * balancing is disabled
 				 */
 				if (!(sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL) &&
-				    node_is_toptier(nid))
+				    toptier)
 					continue;
+				if (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING &&
+				    !toptier)
+					xchg_page_access_time(page,
+						jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies));
 			}
 
 			oldpte = ptep_modify_prot_start(vma, addr, pte);
