diff --git a/include/linux/pagemap.h b/include/linux/pagemap.h
index a56308a9d1a4..6c9493314c21 100644
--- a/include/linux/pagemap.h
+++ b/include/linux/pagemap.h
@@ -896,8 +896,8 @@ static inline bool wake_page_match(struct wait_page_queue *wait_page,
 
 void __folio_lock(struct folio *folio);
 int __folio_lock_killable(struct folio *folio);
-bool __folio_lock_or_retry(struct folio *folio, struct mm_struct *mm,
-				unsigned int flags);
+bool __folio_lock_or_retry(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+			   unsigned int flags, bool *lock_dropped);
 void unlock_page(struct page *page);
 void folio_unlock(struct folio *folio);
 
@@ -1002,10 +1002,16 @@ static inline int folio_lock_killable(struct folio *folio)
  * __folio_lock_or_retry().
  */
 static inline bool folio_lock_or_retry(struct folio *folio,
-		struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int flags)
+		struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned int flags,
+		bool *lock_dropped)
 {
 	might_sleep();
-	return folio_trylock(folio) || __folio_lock_or_retry(folio, mm, flags);
+	if (folio_trylock(folio)) {
+		*lock_dropped = false;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return __folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vma, flags, lock_dropped);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/mm/filemap.c b/mm/filemap.c
index 84f39114d4de..9c0fa8578b2f 100644
--- a/mm/filemap.c
+++ b/mm/filemap.c
@@ -1701,37 +1701,35 @@ static int __folio_lock_async(struct folio *folio, struct wait_page_queue *wait)
 
 /*
  * Return values:
- * true - folio is locked; mmap_lock is still held.
+ * true - folio is locked.
  * false - folio is not locked.
- *     mmap_lock has been released (mmap_read_unlock(), unless flags had both
- *     FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY and FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT set, in
- *     which case mmap_lock is still held.
- *     If flags had FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK set, meaning the operation is performed
- *     with VMA lock only, the VMA lock is still held.
+ *
+ * lock_dropped indicates whether mmap_lock/VMA lock got dropped.
+ *     mmap_lock/VMA lock is dropped when function fails to lock the folio,
+ *     unless flags had both FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY and FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT
+ *     set, in which case mmap_lock/VMA lock is still held.
  *
  * If neither ALLOW_RETRY nor KILLABLE are set, will always return true
- * with the folio locked and the mmap_lock unperturbed.
+ * with the folio locked and the mmap_lock/VMA lock unperturbed.
  */
-bool __folio_lock_or_retry(struct folio *folio, struct mm_struct *mm,
-			 unsigned int flags)
+bool __folio_lock_or_retry(struct folio *folio, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+			 unsigned int flags, bool *lock_dropped)
 {
-	/* Can't do this if not holding mmap_lock */
-	if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
-		return false;
-
 	if (fault_flag_allow_retry_first(flags)) {
-		/*
-		 * CAUTION! In this case, mmap_lock is not released
-		 * even though return 0.
-		 */
-		if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT)
+		if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT) {
+			*lock_dropped = false;
 			return false;
+		}
 
-		mmap_read_unlock(mm);
+		if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
+			vma_end_read(vma);
+		else
+			mmap_read_unlock(vma->vm_mm);
 		if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE)
 			folio_wait_locked_killable(folio);
 		else
 			folio_wait_locked(folio);
+		*lock_dropped = true;
 		return false;
 	}
 	if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE) {
@@ -1739,13 +1737,18 @@ bool __folio_lock_or_retry(struct folio *folio, struct mm_struct *mm,
 
 		ret = __folio_lock_killable(folio);
 		if (ret) {
-			mmap_read_unlock(mm);
+			if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
+				vma_end_read(vma);
+			else
+				mmap_read_unlock(vma->vm_mm);
+			*lock_dropped = true;
 			return false;
 		}
 	} else {
 		__folio_lock(folio);
 	}
 
+	*lock_dropped = false;
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 8222acf74fd3..e1cd39f00756 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -3568,6 +3568,7 @@ static vm_fault_t remove_device_exclusive_entry(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	struct folio *folio = page_folio(vmf->page);
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
 	struct mmu_notifier_range range;
+	bool lock_dropped;
 
 	/*
 	 * We need a reference to lock the folio because we don't hold
@@ -3580,8 +3581,10 @@ static vm_fault_t remove_device_exclusive_entry(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	if (!folio_try_get(folio))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vma->vm_mm, vmf->flags)) {
+	if (!folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vma, vmf->flags, &lock_dropped)) {
 		folio_put(folio);
+		if (lock_dropped && vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
+			return VM_FAULT_VMA_UNLOCKED | VM_FAULT_RETRY;
 		return VM_FAULT_RETRY;
 	}
 	mmu_notifier_range_init_owner(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_EXCLUSIVE, 0,
@@ -3704,7 +3707,8 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 	bool exclusive = false;
 	swp_entry_t entry;
 	pte_t pte;
-	int locked;
+	bool locked;
+	bool lock_dropped;
 	vm_fault_t ret = 0;
 	void *shadow = NULL;
 
@@ -3837,9 +3841,10 @@ vm_fault_t do_swap_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
 		goto out_release;
 	}
 
-	locked = folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vma->vm_mm, vmf->flags);
-
+	locked = folio_lock_or_retry(folio, vma, vmf->flags, &lock_dropped);
 	if (!locked) {
+		if (lock_dropped && vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK)
+			ret |= VM_FAULT_VMA_UNLOCKED;
 		ret |= VM_FAULT_RETRY;
 		goto out_release;
 	}
