diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
index 4c32058cacfe..969f11f360d2 100644
--- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	return split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(page, NULL, 0);
 }
-void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio);
+void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio, bool partially_mapped);
 
 void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
 		unsigned long address, bool freeze, struct folio *folio);
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
-static inline void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio) {}
+static inline void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio, bool partially_mapped) {}
 #define split_huge_pmd(__vma, __pmd, __address)	\
 	do { } while (0)
 
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index a0a29bd092f8..c3bb0e0da581 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ enum pageflags {
 	/* At least one page in this folio has the hwpoison flag set */
 	PG_has_hwpoisoned = PG_active,
 	PG_large_rmappable = PG_workingset, /* anon or file-backed */
+	PG_partially_mapped = PG_reclaim, /* was identified to be partially mapped */
 };
 
 #define PAGEFLAGS_MASK		((1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1)
@@ -861,8 +862,18 @@ static inline void ClearPageCompound(struct page *page)
 	ClearPageHead(page);
 }
 FOLIO_FLAG(large_rmappable, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
+FOLIO_TEST_FLAG(partially_mapped, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
+/*
+ * PG_partially_mapped is protected by deferred_split split_queue_lock,
+ * so its safe to use non-atomic set/clear.
+ */
+__FOLIO_SET_FLAG(partially_mapped, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
+__FOLIO_CLEAR_FLAG(partially_mapped, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
 #else
 FOLIO_FLAG_FALSE(large_rmappable)
+FOLIO_TEST_FLAG_FALSE(partially_mapped)
+__FOLIO_SET_FLAG_NOOP(partially_mapped)
+__FOLIO_CLEAR_FLAG_NOOP(partially_mapped)
 #endif
 
 #define PG_head_mask ((1UL << PG_head))
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 2d77b5d2291e..70ee49dfeaad 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -3398,6 +3398,7 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
 			 * page_deferred_list.
 			 */
 			list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
+			__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
 		}
 		spin_unlock(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock);
 		if (mapping) {
@@ -3454,11 +3455,13 @@ void __folio_undo_large_rmappable(struct folio *folio)
 	if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
 		ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
 		list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
+		__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
 }
 
-void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio)
+/* partially_mapped=false won't clear PG_partially_mapped folio flag */
+void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio, bool partially_mapped)
 {
 	struct deferred_split *ds_queue = get_deferred_split_queue(folio);
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
@@ -3486,14 +3489,19 @@ void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio)
 	if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
 		return;
 
-	if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))
-		return;
-
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
+	if (partially_mapped) {
+		if (!folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
+			__folio_set_partially_mapped(folio);
+			if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))
+				count_vm_event(THP_DEFERRED_SPLIT_PAGE);
+			count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SPLIT_DEFERRED);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* partially mapped folios cannot become non-partially mapped */
+		VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_partially_mapped(folio), folio);
+	}
 	if (list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
-		if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))
-			count_vm_event(THP_DEFERRED_SPLIT_PAGE);
-		count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SPLIT_DEFERRED);
 		list_add_tail(&folio->_deferred_list, &ds_queue->split_queue);
 		ds_queue->split_queue_len++;
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
@@ -3542,6 +3550,7 @@ static unsigned long deferred_split_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
 		} else {
 			/* We lost race with folio_put() */
 			list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
+			__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
 			ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
 		}
 		if (!--sc->nr_to_scan)
diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h
index 52f7fc4e8ac3..27cbb5365841 100644
--- a/mm/internal.h
+++ b/mm/internal.h
@@ -662,8 +662,10 @@ static inline void prep_compound_head(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
 	atomic_set(&folio->_entire_mapcount, -1);
 	atomic_set(&folio->_nr_pages_mapped, 0);
 	atomic_set(&folio->_pincount, 0);
-	if (order > 1)
+	if (order > 1) {
 		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&folio->_deferred_list);
+		__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
+	}
 }
 
 static inline void prep_compound_tail(struct page *head, int tail_idx)
diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
index e1ffd2950393..0fd95daecf9a 100644
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c
+++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -4669,7 +4669,8 @@ static void uncharge_folio(struct folio *folio, struct uncharge_gather *ug)
 	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);
 	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_order(folio) > 1 &&
 			!folio_test_hugetlb(folio) &&
-			!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list), folio);
+			!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+			folio_test_partially_mapped(folio), folio);
 
 	/*
 	 * Nobody should be changing or seriously looking at
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index 2d2e65d69427..ef4a732f22b1 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -1735,7 +1735,8 @@ static int migrate_pages_batch(struct list_head *from,
 			 * use _deferred_list.
 			 */
 			if (nr_pages > 2 &&
-			   !list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
+			   !list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+			   folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
 				if (!try_split_folio(folio, split_folios, mode)) {
 					nr_failed++;
 					stats->nr_thp_failed += is_thp;
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 408ef3d25cf5..a145c550dd2a 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -957,8 +957,9 @@ static int free_tail_page_prepare(struct page *head_page, struct page *page)
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		/* the second tail page: deferred_list overlaps ->mapping */
-		if (unlikely(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))) {
-			bad_page(page, "on deferred list");
+		if (unlikely(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+		    folio_test_partially_mapped(folio))) {
+			bad_page(page, "partially mapped folio on deferred list");
 			goto out;
 		}
 		break;
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index a6b9cd0b2b18..4c330635aa4e 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -1578,8 +1578,9 @@ static __always_inline void __folio_remove_rmap(struct folio *folio,
 	 * Check partially_mapped first to ensure it is a large folio.
 	 */
 	if (partially_mapped && folio_test_anon(folio) &&
-	    list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))
-		deferred_split_folio(folio);
+	    !folio_test_partially_mapped(folio))
+		deferred_split_folio(folio, true);
+
 	__folio_mod_stat(folio, -nr, -nr_pmdmapped);
 
 	/*
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index 25e43bb3b574..25f4e8403f41 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -1233,7 +1233,8 @@ static unsigned int shrink_folio_list(struct list_head *folio_list,
 					 * Split partially mapped folios right away.
 					 * We can free the unmapped pages without IO.
 					 */
-					if (data_race(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) &&
+					if (data_race(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+					    folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) &&
 					    split_folio_to_list(folio, folio_list))
 						goto activate_locked;
 				}
