diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
index 4da102b74a8c..0b0539f4ee1a 100644
--- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	return split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(page, NULL, 0);
 }
-void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio);
+void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio, bool partially_mapped);
 
 void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
 		unsigned long address, bool freeze, struct folio *folio);
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
-static inline void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio) {}
+static inline void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio, bool partially_mapped) {}
 #define split_huge_pmd(__vma, __pmd, __address)	\
 	do { } while (0)
 
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index 2175ebceb41c..1b3a76710487 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@ enum pageflags {
 	/* At least one page in this folio has the hwpoison flag set */
 	PG_has_hwpoisoned = PG_active,
 	PG_large_rmappable = PG_workingset, /* anon or file-backed */
+	PG_partially_mapped = PG_reclaim, /* was identified to be partially mapped */
 };
 
 #define PAGEFLAGS_MASK		((1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1)
@@ -859,8 +860,18 @@ static inline void ClearPageCompound(struct page *page)
 	ClearPageHead(page);
 }
 FOLIO_FLAG(large_rmappable, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
+FOLIO_TEST_FLAG(partially_mapped, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
+/*
+ * PG_partially_mapped is protected by deferred_split split_queue_lock,
+ * so its safe to use non-atomic set/clear.
+ */
+__FOLIO_SET_FLAG(partially_mapped, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
+__FOLIO_CLEAR_FLAG(partially_mapped, FOLIO_SECOND_PAGE)
 #else
 FOLIO_FLAG_FALSE(large_rmappable)
+FOLIO_TEST_FLAG_FALSE(partially_mapped)
+__FOLIO_SET_FLAG_NOOP(partially_mapped)
+__FOLIO_CLEAR_FLAG_NOOP(partially_mapped)
 #endif
 
 #define PG_head_mask ((1UL << PG_head))
@@ -1171,7 +1182,7 @@ static __always_inline void __ClearPageAnonExclusive(struct page *page)
  */
 #define PAGE_FLAGS_SECOND						\
 	(0xffUL /* order */		| 1UL << PG_has_hwpoisoned |	\
-	 1UL << PG_large_rmappable)
+	 1UL << PG_large_rmappable	| 1UL << PG_partially_mapped)
 
 #define PAGE_FLAGS_PRIVATE				\
 	(1UL << PG_private | 1UL << PG_private_2)
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index af60684e7c70..166f8810f3c6 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -3503,7 +3503,11 @@ int split_huge_page_to_list_to_order(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
 		if (folio_order(folio) > 1 &&
 		    !list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
 			ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
-			mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+			if (folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
+				__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
+				mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio),
+					      MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+			}
 			/*
 			 * Reinitialize page_deferred_list after removing the
 			 * page from the split_queue, otherwise a subsequent
@@ -3570,13 +3574,18 @@ void __folio_undo_large_rmappable(struct folio *folio)
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
 	if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
 		ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
-		mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+		if (folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
+			__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
+			mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio),
+				      MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+		}
 		list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
 	}
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
 }
 
-void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio)
+/* partially_mapped=false won't clear PG_partially_mapped folio flag */
+void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio, bool partially_mapped)
 {
 	struct deferred_split *ds_queue = get_deferred_split_queue(folio);
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
@@ -3604,15 +3613,21 @@ void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio)
 	if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
 		return;
 
-	if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))
-		return;
-
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
+	if (partially_mapped) {
+		if (!folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
+			__folio_set_partially_mapped(folio);
+			if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))
+				count_vm_event(THP_DEFERRED_SPLIT_PAGE);
+			count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SPLIT_DEFERRED);
+			mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, 1);
+
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* partially mapped folios cannot become non-partially mapped */
+		VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_partially_mapped(folio), folio);
+	}
 	if (list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
-		if (folio_test_pmd_mappable(folio))
-			count_vm_event(THP_DEFERRED_SPLIT_PAGE);
-		count_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_SPLIT_DEFERRED);
-		mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, 1);
 		list_add_tail(&folio->_deferred_list, &ds_queue->split_queue);
 		ds_queue->split_queue_len++;
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
@@ -3660,7 +3675,11 @@ static unsigned long deferred_split_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
 			list_move(&folio->_deferred_list, &list);
 		} else {
 			/* We lost race with folio_put() */
-			mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio), MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+			if (folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
+				__folio_clear_partially_mapped(folio);
+				mod_mthp_stat(folio_order(folio),
+					      MTHP_STAT_NR_ANON_PARTIALLY_MAPPED, -1);
+			}
 			list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
 			ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
 		}
diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
index 087a8cb1a6d8..e66da58a365d 100644
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c
+++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -4629,7 +4629,8 @@ static void uncharge_folio(struct folio *folio, struct uncharge_gather *ug)
 	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_lru(folio), folio);
 	VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_order(folio) > 1 &&
 			!folio_test_hugetlb(folio) &&
-			!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list), folio);
+			!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+			folio_test_partially_mapped(folio), folio);
 
 	/*
 	 * Nobody should be changing or seriously looking at
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index d039863e014b..35cc9d35064b 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -1766,7 +1766,8 @@ static int migrate_pages_batch(struct list_head *from,
 			 * use _deferred_list.
 			 */
 			if (nr_pages > 2 &&
-			   !list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
+			   !list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+			   folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) {
 				if (!try_split_folio(folio, split_folios, mode)) {
 					nr_failed++;
 					stats->nr_thp_failed += is_thp;
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index c2ffccf9d213..a82c221b7c2e 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -962,8 +962,9 @@ static int free_tail_page_prepare(struct page *head_page, struct page *page)
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		/* the second tail page: deferred_list overlaps ->mapping */
-		if (unlikely(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))) {
-			bad_page(page, "on deferred list");
+		if (unlikely(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+		    folio_test_partially_mapped(folio))) {
+			bad_page(page, "partially mapped folio on deferred list");
 			goto out;
 		}
 		break;
diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
index 78529cf0fd66..a8797d1b3d49 100644
--- a/mm/rmap.c
+++ b/mm/rmap.c
@@ -1579,8 +1579,9 @@ static __always_inline void __folio_remove_rmap(struct folio *folio,
 	 * Check partially_mapped first to ensure it is a large folio.
 	 */
 	if (partially_mapped && folio_test_anon(folio) &&
-	    list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))
-		deferred_split_folio(folio);
+	    !folio_test_partially_mapped(folio))
+		deferred_split_folio(folio, true);
+
 	__folio_mod_stat(folio, -nr, -nr_pmdmapped);
 
 	/*
diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c
index f27792e77a0f..4ca612f7e473 100644
--- a/mm/vmscan.c
+++ b/mm/vmscan.c
@@ -1238,7 +1238,8 @@ static unsigned int shrink_folio_list(struct list_head *folio_list,
 					 * Split partially mapped folios right away.
 					 * We can free the unmapped pages without IO.
 					 */
-					if (data_race(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) &&
+					if (data_race(!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list) &&
+					    folio_test_partially_mapped(folio)) &&
 					    split_folio_to_list(folio, folio_list))
 						goto activate_locked;
 				}
