@@ -405,6 +405,10 @@ is requested. Keeping a reference in the ``nameidata`` ensures that
only one root is in effect for the entire path walk, even if it races
with a ``chroot()`` system call.
+It should be noted that in the case of ``LOOKUP_IN_ROOT`` or
+``LOOKUP_BENEATH``, the effective root becomes the directory file descriptor
+passed to ``openat2()`` (which exposes these ``LOOKUP_`` flags).
+
The root is needed when either of two conditions holds: (1) either the
pathname or a symbolic link starts with a "'/'", or (2) a "``..``"
component is being handled, since "``..``" from the root must always stay
@@ -1149,22 +1153,61 @@ so ``NULL`` is returned to indicate that the symlink can be released and
the stack frame discarded.
The other case involves things in ``/proc`` that look like symlinks but
-aren't really::
+aren't really (and are therefore commonly referred to as "magic-links")::
$ ls -l /proc/self/fd/1
lrwx------ 1 neilb neilb 64 Jun 13 10:19 /proc/self/fd/1 -> /dev/pts/4
Every open file descriptor in any process is represented in ``/proc`` by
-something that looks like a symlink. It is really a reference to the
-target file, not just the name of it. When you ``readlink`` these
-objects you get a name that might refer to the same file - unless it
-has been unlinked or mounted over. When ``walk_component()`` follows
-one of these, the ``->follow_link()`` method in "procfs" doesn't return
-a string name, but instead calls ``nd_jump_link()`` which updates the
-``nameidata`` in place to point to that target. ``->follow_link()`` then
-returns ``NULL``. Again there is no final component and ``get_link()``
-reports this by leaving the ``last_type`` field of ``nameidata`` as
-``LAST_BIND``.
+a magic-link. It is really a reference to the target file, not just the
+name of it (hence making them "magical" compared to ordinary symlinks).
+When you ``readlink`` these objects you get a name that might refer to
+the same file - unless it has been unlinked or mounted over. When
+``walk_component()`` follows one of these, the ``->follow_link()`` method
+in "procfs" doesn't return a string name, but instead calls
+``nd_jump_link()`` which updates the ``nameidata`` in place to point to
+that target. ``->follow_link()`` then returns ``NULL``. Again there is
+no final component and ``get_link()`` reports this by leaving the
+``last_type`` field of ``nameidata`` as ``LAST_BIND``.
+
+In order to avoid potential re-opening attacks (especially in the context
+of containers), it is necessary to restrict the ability for a trailing
+magic-link to be opened. The restrictions are as follows (and are
+implemented in ``trailing_magiclink()``):
+
+* If the ``open()`` is an "ordinary open" (without ``O_PATH``), the
+ access-mode of the ``open()`` call must be permitted by one of the
+ octets in the magic-link's file mode (elsewhere in Linux, ordinary
+ symlinks have a file mode of ``0777`` but this doesn't apply to
+ magic-links). Each "ordinary" file in ``/proc/self/fd/$n`` has the user
+ octet of its file mode set to correspond to the access-mode it was
+ opened with.
+
+ This restriction means that you cannot re-open an ``O_RDONLY`` file
+ descriptor through ``/proc/self/fd/$n`` with ``O_RDWR``.
+
+With a "half-open" (with ``O_PATH``), there is no ``-EACCES``-enforced
+restrictions on ``open()``, but there are rules about the mode shown in
+``/proc/self/fd/$n``:
+
+* If the target of the ``open()`` is not a magic-link, then the group
+ octet of the file mode is set to permit all access modes.
+
+* Otherwise, the mode of the new ``O_PATH`` descriptor is set to
+ effectively the same mode as the magic-link (though the permissions are
+ set in the group octet of the mode). This means that an ``O_PATH`` of a
+ magic-link gives you no more re-open permissions than the magic-link
+ itself.
+
+With these ``O_PATH`` restrictions, it is still possible to re-open an
+``O_PATH`` file descriptor but you cannot use ``O_PATH`` to work around
+the above restrictions on "ordinary opens" of magic-links.
+
+In order to avoid certain race conditions (where a file descriptor
+associated with a magic-link is swapped, causing the ``link_inode`` of
+``nameidata`` to become stale during magic-link traversal),
+``nd_jump_link()`` stores the mode of the magic-link during traversal in
+``last_magiclink``.
Following the symlink in the final component
--------------------------------------------
@@ -1187,7 +1230,8 @@ handles the final component. If the final component is a symlink
that needs to be followed, then ``trailing_symlink()`` is called to set
things up properly and the loop repeats, calling ``link_path_walk()``
again. This could loop as many as 40 times if the last component of
-each symlink is another symlink.
+each symlink is another symlink. ``trailing_magiclink()`` is then called to
+deal with permission checks relevant to ``/proc/$pid/fd``-style "symlinks".
The various functions that examine the final component and possibly
report that it is a symlink are ``lookup_last()``, ``mountpoint_last()``
@@ -1310,12 +1354,14 @@ longer needed.
``LOOKUP_JUMPED`` means that the current dentry was chosen not because
it had the right name but for some other reason. This happens when
following "``..``", following a symlink to ``/``, crossing a mount point
-or accessing a "``/proc/$PID/fd/$FD``" symlink. In this case the
-filesystem has not been asked to revalidate the name (with
-``d_revalidate()``). In such cases the inode may still need to be
-revalidated, so ``d_op->d_weak_revalidate()`` is called if
+or accessing a "``/proc/$PID/fd/$FD``" symlink (also known as a "magic
+link"). In this case the filesystem has not been asked to revalidate the
+name (with ``d_revalidate()``). In such cases the inode may still need
+to be revalidated, so ``d_op->d_weak_revalidate()`` is called if
``LOOKUP_JUMPED`` is set when the look completes - which may be at the
-final component or, when creating, unlinking, or renaming, at the penultimate component.
+final component or, when creating, unlinking, or renaming, at the
+penultimate component. ``LOOKUP_MAGICLINK_JUMPED`` is set alongside
+``LOOKUP_JUMPED`` if a magic-link was traversed.
Final-component flags
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We've introduced new (somewhat subtle) behaviour regarding trailing magic-links, so it's best to make sure everyone can follow along with the reasoning behind trailing_magiclink(). Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> --- Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.rst | 80 ++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)