diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index 23ec684e660d..d3456804f7aa 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -2279,7 +2279,7 @@ struct bpf_core_ctx {
 
 bool btf_nested_type_is_trusted(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 				const struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
-				int off);
+				int off, const char *suffix);
 
 bool btf_type_ids_nocast_alias(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 			       const struct btf *reg_btf, u32 reg_id,
diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
index b26ff2a8f63b..18538bad2b8c 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
@@ -537,7 +537,6 @@ struct bpf_verifier_env {
 	bool bypass_spec_v1;
 	bool bypass_spec_v4;
 	bool seen_direct_write;
-	bool rcu_tag_supported;
 	struct bpf_insn_aux_data *insn_aux_data; /* array of per-insn state */
 	const struct bpf_line_info *prev_linfo;
 	struct bpf_verifier_log log;
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index c5e1d6955491..bae384728ec7 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
@@ -6329,6 +6329,15 @@ static int btf_struct_walk(struct bpf_verifier_log *log, const struct btf *btf,
 		 * of this field or inside of this struct
 		 */
 		if (btf_type_is_struct(mtype)) {
+			if (BTF_INFO_KIND(mtype->info) == BTF_KIND_UNION &&
+			    btf_type_vlen(mtype) != 1)
+				/*
+				 * walking unions yields untrusted pointers
+				 * with exception of __bpf_md_ptr and others
+				 * unions with a single member
+				 */
+				*flag |= PTR_UNTRUSTED;
+
 			/* our field must be inside that union or struct */
 			t = mtype;
 
@@ -6373,7 +6382,7 @@ static int btf_struct_walk(struct bpf_verifier_log *log, const struct btf *btf,
 			stype = btf_type_skip_modifiers(btf, mtype->type, &id);
 			if (btf_type_is_struct(stype)) {
 				*next_btf_id = id;
-				*flag = tmp_flag;
+				*flag |= tmp_flag;
 				return WALK_PTR;
 			}
 		}
@@ -8357,7 +8366,7 @@ int bpf_core_apply(struct bpf_core_ctx *ctx, const struct bpf_core_relo *relo,
 
 bool btf_nested_type_is_trusted(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 				const struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
-				int off)
+				int off, const char *suffix)
 {
 	struct btf *btf = reg->btf;
 	const struct btf_type *walk_type, *safe_type;
@@ -8374,7 +8383,7 @@ bool btf_nested_type_is_trusted(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 
 	tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf, walk_type->name_off);
 
-	ret = snprintf(safe_tname, sizeof(safe_tname), "%s__safe_fields", tname);
+	ret = snprintf(safe_tname, sizeof(safe_tname), "%s%s", tname, suffix);
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return false;
 
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/cpumask.c b/kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
index 2b3fbbfebdc5..2223562dd54e 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/cpumask.c
@@ -427,26 +427,26 @@ BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_create, KF_ACQUIRE | KF_RET_NULL)
 BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_release, KF_RELEASE | KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
 BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_acquire, KF_ACQUIRE | KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
 BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_kptr_get, KF_ACQUIRE | KF_KPTR_GET | KF_RET_NULL)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_first, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_first_zero, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_set_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_clear_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_test_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_test_and_set_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_setall, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_clear, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_and, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_or, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_xor, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_equal, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_intersects, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_subset, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_empty, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_full, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_copy, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_any, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
-BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_any_and, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_first, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_first_zero, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_set_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_clear_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_test_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_test_and_set_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_setall, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_clear, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_and, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_or, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_xor, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_equal, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_intersects, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_subset, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_empty, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_full, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_copy, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_any, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_cpumask_any_and, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RCU)
 BTF_SET8_END(cpumask_kfunc_btf_ids)
 
 static const struct btf_kfunc_id_set cpumask_kfunc_set = {
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index a095055d7ef4..10d674e8154a 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -5073,29 +5073,76 @@ static int bpf_map_direct_read(struct bpf_map *map, int off, int size, u64 *val)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-#define BTF_TYPE_SAFE_NESTED(__type)  __PASTE(__type, __safe_fields)
+#define BTF_TYPE_SAFE_RCU(__type)  __PASTE(__type, __safe_rcu)
+#define BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(__type)  __PASTE(__type, __safe_trusted)
 
-BTF_TYPE_SAFE_NESTED(struct task_struct) {
+/*
+ * Allow list few fields as RCU trusted or full trusted.
+ * This logic doesn't allow mix tagging and will be removed once GCC supports
+ * btf_type_tag.
+ */
+
+/* RCU trusted: these fields are trusted in RCU CS and never NULL */
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_RCU(struct task_struct) {
 	const cpumask_t *cpus_ptr;
 	struct css_set __rcu *cgroups;
+	struct task_struct __rcu *real_parent;
+	struct task_struct *group_leader;
 };
 
-BTF_TYPE_SAFE_NESTED(struct css_set) {
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_RCU(struct css_set) {
 	struct cgroup *dfl_cgrp;
 };
 
-static bool nested_ptr_is_trusted(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
-				  struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
-				  int off)
+/* full trusted: these fields are trusted even outside of RCU CS and never NULL */
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct bpf_iter_meta) {
+	__bpf_md_ptr(struct seq_file *, seq);
+};
+
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct bpf_iter__task) {
+	__bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_iter_meta *, meta);
+	__bpf_md_ptr(struct task_struct *, task);
+};
+
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct linux_binprm) {
+	struct file *file;
+};
+
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct file) {
+	struct inode *f_inode;
+};
+
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct dentry) {
+	/* no negative dentry-s in places where bpf can see it */
+	struct inode *d_inode;
+};
+
+BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct socket) {
+	struct sock *sk;
+};
+
+static bool type_is_rcu(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
+			struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
+			int off)
 {
-	/* If its parent is not trusted, it can't regain its trusted status. */
-	if (!is_trusted_reg(reg))
-		return false;
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_RCU(struct task_struct));
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_RCU(struct css_set));
 
-	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_NESTED(struct task_struct));
-	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_NESTED(struct css_set));
+	return btf_nested_type_is_trusted(&env->log, reg, off, "__safe_rcu");
+}
 
-	return btf_nested_type_is_trusted(&env->log, reg, off);
+static bool type_is_trusted(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
+			    struct bpf_reg_state *reg,
+			    int off)
+{
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct bpf_iter_meta));
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct bpf_iter__task));
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct linux_binprm));
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct file));
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct dentry));
+	BTF_TYPE_EMIT(BTF_TYPE_SAFE_TRUSTED(struct socket));
+
+	return btf_nested_type_is_trusted(&env->log, reg, off, "__safe_trusted");
 }
 
 static int check_ptr_to_btf_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
@@ -5181,49 +5228,58 @@ static int check_ptr_to_btf_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 
-	/* If this is an untrusted pointer, all pointers formed by walking it
-	 * also inherit the untrusted flag.
-	 */
-	if (type_flag(reg->type) & PTR_UNTRUSTED)
-		flag |= PTR_UNTRUSTED;
+	if (ret != PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
+		/* just mark; */
 
-	/* By default any pointer obtained from walking a trusted pointer is no
-	 * longer trusted, unless the field being accessed has explicitly been
-	 * marked as inheriting its parent's state of trust.
-	 *
-	 * An RCU-protected pointer can also be deemed trusted if we are in an
-	 * RCU read region. This case is handled below.
-	 */
-	if (nested_ptr_is_trusted(env, reg, off)) {
-		flag |= PTR_TRUSTED;
-		/*
-		 * task->cgroups is trusted. It provides a stronger guarantee
-		 * than __rcu tag on 'cgroups' field in 'struct task_struct'.
-		 * Clear MEM_RCU in such case.
+	} else if (type_flag(reg->type) & PTR_UNTRUSTED) {
+		/* If this is an untrusted pointer, all pointers formed by walking it
+		 * also inherit the untrusted flag.
+		 */
+		flag = PTR_UNTRUSTED;
+
+	} else if (is_trusted_reg(reg) || is_rcu_reg(reg)) {
+		/* By default any pointer obtained from walking a trusted pointer is no
+		 * longer trusted, unless the field being accessed has explicitly been
+		 * marked as inheriting its parent's state of trust (either full or RCU).
+		 * For example:
+		 * 'cgroups' pointer is untrusted if task->cgroups dereference
+		 * happened in a sleepable program outside of bpf_rcu_read_lock()
+		 * section. In a non-sleepable program it's trusted while in RCU CS (aka MEM_RCU).
+		 * Note bpf_rcu_read_unlock() converts MEM_RCU pointers to PTR_UNTRUSTED.
+		 *
+		 * A regular RCU-protected pointer with __rcu tag can also be deemed
+		 * trusted if we are in an RCU CS. Such pointer can be NULL.
 		 */
-		flag &= ~MEM_RCU;
+		if (type_is_trusted(env, reg, off)) {
+			flag |= PTR_TRUSTED;
+		} else if (in_rcu_cs(env) && !type_may_be_null(reg->type)) {
+			if (type_is_rcu(env, reg, off)) {
+				/* ignore __rcu tag and mark it MEM_RCU */
+				flag |= MEM_RCU;
+			} else if (flag & MEM_RCU) {
+				/* __rcu tagged pointers can be NULL */
+				flag |= PTR_MAYBE_NULL;
+			} else if (flag & (MEM_PERCPU | MEM_USER)) {
+				/* keep as-is */
+			} else {
+				/* walking unknown pointers yields untrusted pointer */
+				flag = PTR_UNTRUSTED;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * If not in RCU CS or MEM_RCU pointer can be NULL then
+			 * aggressively mark as untrusted otherwise such
+			 * pointers will be plain PTR_TO_BTF_ID without flags
+			 * and will be allowed to be passed into helpers for
+			 * compat reasons.
+			 */
+			flag = PTR_UNTRUSTED;
+		}
 	} else {
+		/* Old compat. Deperecated */
 		flag &= ~PTR_TRUSTED;
 	}
 
-	if (flag & MEM_RCU) {
-		/* Mark value register as MEM_RCU only if it is protected by
-		 * bpf_rcu_read_lock() and the ptr reg is rcu or trusted. MEM_RCU
-		 * itself can already indicate trustedness inside the rcu
-		 * read lock region. Also mark rcu pointer as PTR_MAYBE_NULL since
-		 * it could be null in some cases.
-		 */
-		if (in_rcu_cs(env) && (is_trusted_reg(reg) || is_rcu_reg(reg)))
-			flag |= PTR_MAYBE_NULL;
-		else
-			flag &= ~MEM_RCU;
-	} else if (reg->type & MEM_RCU) {
-		/* ptr (reg) is marked as MEM_RCU, but the struct field is not tagged
-		 * with __rcu. Mark the flag as PTR_UNTRUSTED conservatively.
-		 */
-		flag |= PTR_UNTRUSTED;
-	}
-
 	if (atype == BPF_READ && value_regno >= 0)
 		mark_btf_ld_reg(env, regs, value_regno, ret, reg->btf, btf_id, flag);
 
@@ -10049,10 +10105,6 @@ static int check_kfunc_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn,
 
 	rcu_lock = is_kfunc_bpf_rcu_read_lock(&meta);
 	rcu_unlock = is_kfunc_bpf_rcu_read_unlock(&meta);
-	if ((rcu_lock || rcu_unlock) && !env->rcu_tag_supported) {
-		verbose(env, "no vmlinux btf rcu tag support for kfunc %s\n", func_name);
-		return -EACCES;
-	}
 
 	if (env->cur_state->active_rcu_lock) {
 		struct bpf_func_state *state;
@@ -14911,8 +14963,22 @@ static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 				 * src_reg == stack|map in some other branch.
 				 * Reject it.
 				 */
-				verbose(env, "same insn cannot be used with different pointers\n");
-				return -EINVAL;
+				if (base_type(src_reg_type) == PTR_TO_BTF_ID &&
+				    base_type(*prev_src_type) == PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
+					/*
+					 * Have to support a use case when one path through
+					 * the program yields TRUSTED pointer while another
+					 * is UNTRUSTED. Fallback to UNTRUSTED to generate
+					 * BPF_PROBE_MEM.
+					 */
+					*prev_src_type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_UNTRUSTED;
+				} else {
+					verbose(env,
+						"The same insn cannot be used with different pointers: %s",
+						reg_type_str(env, src_reg_type));
+					verbose(env, " != %s\n", reg_type_str(env, *prev_src_type));
+					return -EINVAL;
+				}
 			}
 
 		} else if (class == BPF_STX) {
@@ -17984,8 +18050,6 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr, bpfptr_t uattr)
 	env->bypass_spec_v1 = bpf_bypass_spec_v1();
 	env->bypass_spec_v4 = bpf_bypass_spec_v4();
 	env->bpf_capable = bpf_capable();
-	env->rcu_tag_supported = btf_vmlinux &&
-		btf_find_by_name_kind(btf_vmlinux, "rcu", BTF_KIND_TYPE_TAG) > 0;
 
 	if (is_priv)
 		env->test_state_freq = attr->prog_flags & BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgrp_local_storage.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgrp_local_storage.c
index 2cc759956e3b..63e776f4176e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgrp_local_storage.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/cgrp_local_storage.c
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ static void test_cgroup_iter_sleepable(int cgroup_fd, __u64 cgroup_id)
 	cgrp_ls_sleepable__destroy(skel);
 }
 
-static void test_no_rcu_lock(__u64 cgroup_id)
+static void test_yes_rcu_lock(__u64 cgroup_id)
 {
 	struct cgrp_ls_sleepable *skel;
 	int err;
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ static void test_no_rcu_lock(__u64 cgroup_id)
 
 	skel->bss->target_pid = syscall(SYS_gettid);
 
-	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.no_rcu_lock, true);
+	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.yes_rcu_lock, true);
 	err = cgrp_ls_sleepable__load(skel);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
 		goto out;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ static void test_no_rcu_lock(__u64 cgroup_id)
 	cgrp_ls_sleepable__destroy(skel);
 }
 
-static void test_rcu_lock(void)
+static void test_no_rcu_lock(void)
 {
 	struct cgrp_ls_sleepable *skel;
 	int err;
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ static void test_rcu_lock(void)
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
 		return;
 
-	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.yes_rcu_lock, true);
+	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.no_rcu_lock, true);
 	err = cgrp_ls_sleepable__load(skel);
 	ASSERT_ERR(err, "skel_load");
 
@@ -256,10 +256,10 @@ void test_cgrp_local_storage(void)
 		test_negative();
 	if (test__start_subtest("cgroup_iter_sleepable"))
 		test_cgroup_iter_sleepable(cgroup_fd, cgroup_id);
+	if (test__start_subtest("yes_rcu_lock"))
+		test_yes_rcu_lock(cgroup_id);
 	if (test__start_subtest("no_rcu_lock"))
-		test_no_rcu_lock(cgroup_id);
-	if (test__start_subtest("rcu_lock"))
-		test_rcu_lock();
+		test_no_rcu_lock();
 
 	close(cgroup_fd);
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/rcu_read_lock.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/rcu_read_lock.c
index 447d8560ecb6..3f1f58d3a729 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/rcu_read_lock.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/rcu_read_lock.c
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ static void test_success(void)
 
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.get_cgroup_id, true);
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.task_succ, true);
-	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.no_lock, true);
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.two_regions, true);
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.non_sleepable_1, true);
 	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.non_sleepable_2, true);
+	bpf_program__set_autoload(skel->progs.task_trusted_non_rcuptr, true);
 	err = rcu_read_lock__load(skel);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
 		goto out;
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ static void test_rcuptr_acquire(void)
 
 static const char * const inproper_region_tests[] = {
 	"miss_lock",
+	"no_lock",
 	"miss_unlock",
 	"non_sleepable_rcu_mismatch",
 	"inproper_sleepable_helper",
@@ -99,7 +100,6 @@ static void test_inproper_region(void)
 }
 
 static const char * const rcuptr_misuse_tests[] = {
-	"task_untrusted_non_rcuptr",
 	"task_untrusted_rcuptr",
 	"cross_rcu_region",
 };
@@ -128,17 +128,8 @@ static void test_rcuptr_misuse(void)
 
 void test_rcu_read_lock(void)
 {
-	struct btf *vmlinux_btf;
 	int cgroup_fd;
 
-	vmlinux_btf = btf__load_vmlinux_btf();
-	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(vmlinux_btf, "could not load vmlinux BTF"))
-		return;
-	if (btf__find_by_name_kind(vmlinux_btf, "rcu", BTF_KIND_TYPE_TAG) < 0) {
-		test__skip();
-		goto out;
-	}
-
 	cgroup_fd = test__join_cgroup("/rcu_read_lock");
 	if (!ASSERT_GE(cgroup_fd, 0, "join_cgroup /rcu_read_lock"))
 		goto out;
@@ -153,6 +144,5 @@ void test_rcu_read_lock(void)
 	if (test__start_subtest("negative_tests_rcuptr_misuse"))
 		test_rcuptr_misuse();
 	close(cgroup_fd);
-out:
-	btf__free(vmlinux_btf);
+out:;
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgrp_ls_sleepable.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgrp_ls_sleepable.c
index 2d11ed528b6f..7615dc23d301 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgrp_ls_sleepable.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cgrp_ls_sleepable.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int no_rcu_lock(void *ctx)
 	if (task->pid != target_pid)
 		return 0;
 
-	/* ptr_to_btf_id semantics. should work. */
+	/* task->cgroups is untrusted in sleepable prog outside of RCU CS */
 	cgrp = task->cgroups->dfl_cgrp;
 	ptr = bpf_cgrp_storage_get(&map_a, cgrp, 0,
 				   BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ int yes_rcu_lock(void *ctx)
 
 	bpf_rcu_read_lock();
 	cgrp = task->cgroups->dfl_cgrp;
-	/* cgrp is untrusted and cannot pass to bpf_cgrp_storage_get() helper. */
+	/* cgrp is trusted under RCU CS */
 	ptr = bpf_cgrp_storage_get(&map_a, cgrp, 0, BPF_LOCAL_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE);
 	if (ptr)
 		cgroup_id = cgrp->kn->id;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_failure.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_failure.c
index 33e8e86dd090..c16f7563b84e 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_failure.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/cpumask_failure.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ int BPF_PROG(test_alloc_double_release, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flag
 }
 
 SEC("tp_btf/task_newtask")
-__failure __msg("bpf_cpumask_acquire args#0 expected pointer to STRUCT bpf_cpumask")
+__failure __msg("must be referenced")
 int BPF_PROG(test_acquire_wrong_cpumask, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flags)
 {
 	struct bpf_cpumask *cpumask;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/nested_trust_failure.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/nested_trust_failure.c
index 14aff7676436..0d1aa6bbace4 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/nested_trust_failure.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/nested_trust_failure.c
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ char _license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
  */
 
 SEC("tp_btf/task_newtask")
-__failure __msg("R2 must be referenced or trusted")
+__failure __msg("R2 must be")
 int BPF_PROG(test_invalid_nested_user_cpus, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flags)
 {
 	bpf_cpumask_test_cpu(0, task->user_cpus_ptr);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/rcu_read_lock.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/rcu_read_lock.c
index 5cecbdbbb16e..7250bb76d18a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/rcu_read_lock.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/rcu_read_lock.c
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ int no_lock(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct task_struct *task, *real_parent;
 
-	/* no bpf_rcu_read_lock(), old code still works */
+	/* old style ptr_to_btf_id is not allowed in sleepable */
 	task = bpf_get_current_task_btf();
 	real_parent = task->real_parent;
 	(void)bpf_task_storage_get(&map_a, real_parent, 0, 0);
@@ -286,13 +286,13 @@ int nested_rcu_region(void *ctx)
 }
 
 SEC("?fentry.s/" SYS_PREFIX "sys_getpgid")
-int task_untrusted_non_rcuptr(void *ctx)
+int task_trusted_non_rcuptr(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct task_struct *task, *group_leader;
 
 	task = bpf_get_current_task_btf();
 	bpf_rcu_read_lock();
-	/* the pointer group_leader marked as untrusted */
+	/* the pointer group_leader is explicitly marked as trusted */
 	group_leader = task->real_parent->group_leader;
 	(void)bpf_task_storage_get(&map_a, group_leader, 0, 0);
 	bpf_rcu_read_unlock();
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/verifier/calls.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/verifier/calls.c
index 9a326a800e5c..5702fc9761ef 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/verifier/calls.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/verifier/calls.c
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
 	},
 	.result_unpriv = REJECT,
 	.result = REJECT,
-	.errstr = "negative offset ptr_ ptr R1 off=-4 disallowed",
+	.errstr = "ptr R1 off=-4 disallowed",
 },
 {
 	"calls: invalid kfunc call: PTR_TO_BTF_ID with variable offset",
