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+## About the testing Framework
+
+The testing framework uses [RUST's testing framework](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/tests/index.html)
+and [libbpf-rs](https://docs.rs/libbpf-rs/latest/libbpf_rs/).
+
+The former takes care of scheduling tests and reporting their successes/failures.
+The latter is used to load bpf programs, maps, and possibly interact with them
+programatically through libbpf API.
+This allows us to set the environment we want to test and check that `bpftool`
+does what we expect.
+
+This document assumes you have [`cargo` and `rust` installed](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/getting-started/installation.html).
+
+## Testing bpftool
+
+This should be no different than typical [`cargo test`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/commands/cargo-test.html)
+but there is a few subtleties to consider when running `bpftool` tests:
+
+1. bpftool needs to run with root privileges for the most part. So the runner needs to run as root.
+1. each tests load a program, possibly modify it, and check expectations. In order to be deterministic, tests need to run serially.
+
+### Environment variable
+
+A few environment variable can be used to control the behaviour of the tests:
+- `RUST_TEST_THREADS`: This should be set to 1 to run one test at a time and avoid tests to step onto each others.
+- `BPFTOOL_PATH`: Allow passing an alternate location for `bpftool`. Default: `/usr/sbin/bpftool`
+
+### Running the test suite
+
+Here are a few options to make this happen:
+
+```
+# build the test binary, extract the test executable location
+# and run it with sudo, 1 test at a time.
+eval sudo BPFTOOL_PATH=$(pwd)/../bpftool RUST_TEST_THREADS=1 \
+    $(cargo test --no-run \
+        --message-format=json | jq '. | select(.executable != null ).executable' \
+    )
+```
+
+or alternatively, one can use the [`CARGO_TARGET_<triple>_RUNNER` environment variable](https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/environment-variables.html#:~:text=CARGO_TARGET_%3Ctriple%3E_RUNNER).
+
+The benefit of that approach is that compilation errors will show directly in the terminal.
+
+```
+CARGO_TARGET_X86_64_UNKNOWN_LINUX_GNU_RUNNER="sudo -E" \
+    BPFTOOL_PATH=$(pwd)/../bpftool \
+    RUST_TEST_THREADS=1 \
+    cargo test
+```
+
+### Running tests against built kernel/bpftool
+
+Using [vmtest](https://github.com/danobi/vmtest):
+
+```
+$ KERNEL_REPO=~/devel/bpf-next/
+$ vmtest -k $KERNEL_REPO/arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage "BPFTOOL_PATH=$KERNEL_REPO/tools/bpf/bpftool/bpftool RUST_TEST_THREADS=1 cargo test"
+=> bzImage
+===> Booting
+===> Setting up VM
+===> Running command
+    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 2.06s
+     Running unittests src/main.rs (target/debug/deps/bpftool_tests-afa5a7eef3cdeafb)
+
+running 11 tests
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_map_dump_id ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_map_list ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_map_pids ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_prog_list ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_prog_pids ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_prog_show_id ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_struct_ops_can_unregister_id ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_struct_ops_can_unregister_name ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_struct_ops_dump_name ... ok
+test bpftool_tests::run_bpftool_struct_ops_list ... ok
+
+test result: ok. 11 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 1.88s
+```
+
+the return code will be 0 on success, non-zero otherwise.
+
+
+## Caveat
+
+Currently, libbpf-sys crate either uses a vendored libbpf, or the system one.
+This could possibly limit tests against features that are being introduced.
+
+That being said, this is not a blocker now, and can be fixed upstream.
+https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf-sys/issues/70 tracks this on libbpf-sys side.
