diff --git a/include/net/page_pool/types.h b/include/net/page_pool/types.h
index 6c1be99a5959..9a01ce864afa 100644
--- a/include/net/page_pool/types.h
+++ b/include/net/page_pool/types.h
@@ -259,8 +259,7 @@ void page_pool_disable_direct_recycling(struct page_pool *pool);
 void page_pool_destroy(struct page_pool *pool);
 void page_pool_use_xdp_mem(struct page_pool *pool, void (*disconnect)(void *),
 			   const struct xdp_mem_info *mem);
-void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, struct page **data,
-			     u32 count);
+void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page **data, u32 count, bool rec);
 #else
 static inline void page_pool_destroy(struct page_pool *pool)
 {
@@ -272,8 +271,8 @@ static inline void page_pool_use_xdp_mem(struct page_pool *pool,
 {
 }
 
-static inline void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool,
-					   struct page **data, u32 count)
+static inline void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page **data, u32 count,
+					   bool rec)
 {
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/include/net/xdp.h b/include/net/xdp.h
index f99fbe9bf5a5..38f27b8b9efd 100644
--- a/include/net/xdp.h
+++ b/include/net/xdp.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
 #include <linux/skbuff.h> /* skb_shared_info */
 
+#include <net/page_pool/types.h>
+
 /**
  * DOC: XDP RX-queue information
  *
@@ -193,14 +195,12 @@ xdp_frame_is_frag_pfmemalloc(const struct xdp_frame *frame)
 #define XDP_BULK_QUEUE_SIZE	16
 struct xdp_frame_bulk {
 	int count;
-	void *xa;
 	struct page *q[XDP_BULK_QUEUE_SIZE];
 };
 
 static __always_inline void xdp_frame_bulk_init(struct xdp_frame_bulk *bq)
 {
-	/* bq->count will be zero'ed when bq->xa gets updated */
-	bq->xa = NULL;
+	bq->count = 0;
 }
 
 static inline struct skb_shared_info *
@@ -316,10 +316,18 @@ void __xdp_return(void *data, struct xdp_mem_info *mem, bool napi_direct,
 void xdp_return_frame(struct xdp_frame *xdpf);
 void xdp_return_frame_rx_napi(struct xdp_frame *xdpf);
 void xdp_return_buff(struct xdp_buff *xdp);
-void xdp_flush_frame_bulk(struct xdp_frame_bulk *bq);
 void xdp_return_frame_bulk(struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
 			   struct xdp_frame_bulk *bq);
 
+static inline void xdp_flush_frame_bulk(struct xdp_frame_bulk *bq)
+{
+	if (unlikely(!bq->count))
+		return;
+
+	page_pool_put_page_bulk(bq->q, bq->count, false);
+	bq->count = 0;
+}
+
 static __always_inline unsigned int
 xdp_get_frame_len(const struct xdp_frame *xdpf)
 {
diff --git a/net/core/page_pool.c b/net/core/page_pool.c
index ad219206ee8d..22b44f86dfa0 100644
--- a/net/core/page_pool.c
+++ b/net/core/page_pool.c
@@ -839,11 +839,22 @@ void page_pool_put_unrefed_page(struct page_pool *pool, struct page *page,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_unrefed_page);
 
+static void page_pool_bulk_rec_add(struct xdp_frame_bulk *bulk,
+				   struct page *page)
+{
+	bulk->q[bulk->count++] = page;
+
+	if (unlikely(bulk->count == ARRAY_SIZE(bulk->q))) {
+		page_pool_put_page_bulk(bulk->q, ARRAY_SIZE(bulk->q), true);
+		bulk->count = 0;
+	}
+}
+
 /**
  * page_pool_put_page_bulk() - release references on multiple pages
- * @pool:	pool from which pages were allocated
  * @data:	array holding page pointers
  * @count:	number of pages in @data
+ * @rec:	whether it's called recursively by itself
  *
  * Tries to refill a number of pages into the ptr_ring cache holding ptr_ring
  * producer lock. If the ptr_ring is full, page_pool_put_page_bulk()
@@ -854,21 +865,43 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_pool_put_unrefed_page);
  * Please note the caller must not use data area after running
  * page_pool_put_page_bulk(), as this function overwrites it.
  */
-void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, struct page **data,
-			     u32 count)
+void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page **data, u32 count, bool rec)
 {
+	struct page_pool *pool = NULL;
+	struct xdp_frame_bulk sub;
 	int i, bulk_len = 0;
 	bool allow_direct;
 	bool in_softirq;
 
-	allow_direct = page_pool_napi_local(pool);
+	xdp_frame_bulk_init(&sub);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-		netmem_ref netmem = page_to_netmem(compound_head(data[i]));
+		struct page *page;
+		netmem_ref netmem;
+
+		if (!rec) {
+			page = compound_head(data[i]);
+			netmem = page_to_netmem(page);
 
-		/* It is not the last user for the page frag case */
-		if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem))
+			/* It is not the last user for the page frag case */
+			if (!page_pool_is_last_ref(netmem))
+				continue;
+		} else {
+			page = data[i];
+			netmem = page_to_netmem(page);
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(!pool)) {
+			pool = page->pp;
+			allow_direct = page_pool_napi_local(pool);
+		} else if (page->pp != pool) {
+			/*
+			 * If the page belongs to a different page_pool, save
+			 * it to handle recursively after the main loop.
+			 */
+			page_pool_bulk_rec_add(&sub, page);
 			continue;
+		}
 
 		netmem = __page_pool_put_page(pool, netmem, -1, allow_direct);
 		/* Approved for bulk recycling in ptr_ring cache */
@@ -876,6 +909,9 @@ void page_pool_put_page_bulk(struct page_pool *pool, struct page **data,
 			data[bulk_len++] = (__force void *)netmem;
 	}
 
+	if (sub.count)
+		page_pool_put_page_bulk(sub.q, sub.count, true);
+
 	if (!bulk_len)
 		return;
 
diff --git a/net/core/xdp.c b/net/core/xdp.c
index 4b2ff5a280bb..60a2d4122606 100644
--- a/net/core/xdp.c
+++ b/net/core/xdp.c
@@ -508,46 +508,19 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xdp_return_frame_rx_napi);
  * xdp_frame_bulk is usually stored/allocated on the function
  * call-stack to avoid locking penalties.
  */
-void xdp_flush_frame_bulk(struct xdp_frame_bulk *bq)
-{
-	struct xdp_mem_allocator *xa = bq->xa;
-
-	if (unlikely(!xa || !bq->count))
-		return;
-
-	page_pool_put_page_bulk(xa->page_pool, bq->q, bq->count);
-	/* bq->xa is not cleared to save lookup, if mem.id same in next bulk */
-	bq->count = 0;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xdp_flush_frame_bulk);
 
 /* Must be called with rcu_read_lock held */
 void xdp_return_frame_bulk(struct xdp_frame *xdpf,
 			   struct xdp_frame_bulk *bq)
 {
-	struct xdp_mem_info *mem = &xdpf->mem;
-	struct xdp_mem_allocator *xa;
-
-	if (mem->type != MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL) {
+	if (xdpf->mem.type != MEM_TYPE_PAGE_POOL) {
 		xdp_return_frame(xdpf);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	xa = bq->xa;
-	if (unlikely(!xa)) {
-		xa = rhashtable_lookup(mem_id_ht, &mem->id, mem_id_rht_params);
-		bq->count = 0;
-		bq->xa = xa;
-	}
-
 	if (bq->count == XDP_BULK_QUEUE_SIZE)
 		xdp_flush_frame_bulk(bq);
 
-	if (unlikely(mem->id != xa->mem.id)) {
-		xdp_flush_frame_bulk(bq);
-		bq->xa = rhashtable_lookup(mem_id_ht, &mem->id, mem_id_rht_params);
-	}
-
 	if (unlikely(xdp_frame_has_frags(xdpf))) {
 		struct skb_shared_info *sinfo;
 		int i;
