diff mbox series

leds: trigger: netdev: fix RTNL handling to prevent potential deadlock

Message ID 7cfd7a10-53d4-45a8-908c-39459b1f8b1a@gmail.com (mailing list archive)
State Superseded
Delegated to: Netdev Maintainers
Headers show
Series leds: trigger: netdev: fix RTNL handling to prevent potential deadlock | expand

Checks

Context Check Description
netdev/tree_selection success Not a local patch

Commit Message

Heiner Kallweit Nov. 29, 2023, 8:03 a.m. UTC 
When working on LED support for r8169 I got the following lockdep
warning. Easiest way to prevent this scenario seems to be to take
the RTNL lock before the trigger_data lock in set_device_name().

======================================================
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
6.7.0-rc2-next-20231124+ #2 Not tainted
------------------------------------------------------
bash/383 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff888103aa1c68 (&trigger_data->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]

but task is already holding lock:
ffffffff8cddf808 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20

which lock already depends on the new lock.


the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

-> #1 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}:
       __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
       mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
       rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
       set_device_name+0xa9/0x120 [ledtrig_netdev]
       netdev_trig_activate+0x1a1/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
       led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
       led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
       sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
       kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
       vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
       ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
       __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
       do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74

-> #0 (&trigger_data->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}:
       __lock_acquire+0x1459/0x25a0
       lock_acquire+0xc8/0x2d0
       __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
       mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
       netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
       call_netdevice_register_net_notifiers+0x5a/0x100
       register_netdevice_notifier+0x85/0x120
       netdev_trig_activate+0x1d4/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
       led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
       led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
       sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
       kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
       vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
       ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
       __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
       do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74

other info that might help us debug this:

 Possible unsafe locking scenario:

       CPU0                    CPU1
       ----                    ----
  lock(rtnl_mutex);
                               lock(&trigger_data->lock);
                               lock(rtnl_mutex);
  lock(&trigger_data->lock);

 *** DEADLOCK ***

8 locks held by bash/383:
 #0: ffff888103ff33f0 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
 #1: ffff888103aa1e88 (&of->mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x114/0x210
 #2: ffff8881036f1890 (kn->active#82){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11d/0x210
 #3: ffff888108e2c358 (&led_cdev->led_access){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0x30/0x140
 #4: ffffffff8cdd9e10 (triggers_list_lock){++++}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0x75/0x140
 #5: ffff888108e2c270 (&led_cdev->trigger_lock){++++}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0xe3/0x140
 #6: ffffffff8cdde3d0 (pernet_ops_rwsem){++++}-{3:3}, at: register_netdevice_notifier+0x1c/0x120
 #7: ffffffff8cddf808 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20

stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 383 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.7.0-rc2-next-20231124+ #2
Hardware name: Default string Default string/Default string, BIOS ADLN.M6.SODIMM.ZB.CY.015 08/08/2023
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x5c/0xd0
 dump_stack+0x10/0x20
 print_circular_bug+0x2dd/0x410
 check_noncircular+0x131/0x150
 __lock_acquire+0x1459/0x25a0
 lock_acquire+0xc8/0x2d0
 ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
 __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
 ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
 ? __this_cpu_preempt_check+0x13/0x20
 ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
 ? __cancel_work_timer+0x11c/0x1b0
 ? __mutex_lock+0x123/0xb50
 mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
 ? mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
 netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
 call_netdevice_register_net_notifiers+0x5a/0x100
 register_netdevice_notifier+0x85/0x120
 netdev_trig_activate+0x1d4/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
 led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
 ? preempt_count_add+0x49/0xc0
 led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
 sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
 vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
 ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
 __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
 do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
RIP: 0033:0x7f269055d034
Code: c7 00 16 00 00 00 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d 35 c3 0d 00 00 74 13 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 48 83 ec 28 48 89 54 24 18 48
RSP: 002b:00007ffddb7ef748 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000007 RCX: 00007f269055d034
RDX: 0000000000000007 RSI: 000055bf5f4af3c0 RDI: 0000000000000001
RBP: 000055bf5f4af3c0 R08: 0000000000000073 R09: 0000000000000001
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000000000000007
R13: 00007f26906325c0 R14: 00007f269062ff20 R15: 0000000000000000
 </TASK>

Fixes: f42c437acc55 ("leds: trigger: netdev: add additional specific link speed mode")
Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
---
 drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-netdev.c | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

Comments

Simon Horman Dec. 1, 2023, 9:54 a.m. UTC | #1 
On Wed, Nov 29, 2023 at 09:03:56AM +0100, Heiner Kallweit wrote:
> When working on LED support for r8169 I got the following lockdep
> warning. Easiest way to prevent this scenario seems to be to take
> the RTNL lock before the trigger_data lock in set_device_name().
> 
> ======================================================
> WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
> 6.7.0-rc2-next-20231124+ #2 Not tainted
> ------------------------------------------------------
> bash/383 is trying to acquire lock:
> ffff888103aa1c68 (&trigger_data->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
> 
> but task is already holding lock:
> ffffffff8cddf808 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
> 
> which lock already depends on the new lock.
> 
> 
> the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
> 
> -> #1 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}:
>        __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
>        mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>        rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
>        set_device_name+0xa9/0x120 [ledtrig_netdev]
>        netdev_trig_activate+0x1a1/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
>        led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
>        led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
>        sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
>        kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
>        vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
>        ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>        __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
>        do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
>        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
> 
> -> #0 (&trigger_data->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}:
>        __lock_acquire+0x1459/0x25a0
>        lock_acquire+0xc8/0x2d0
>        __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
>        mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>        netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>        call_netdevice_register_net_notifiers+0x5a/0x100
>        register_netdevice_notifier+0x85/0x120
>        netdev_trig_activate+0x1d4/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
>        led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
>        led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
>        sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
>        kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
>        vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
>        ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>        __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
>        do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
>        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
> 
> other info that might help us debug this:
> 
>  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
> 
>        CPU0                    CPU1
>        ----                    ----
>   lock(rtnl_mutex);
>                                lock(&trigger_data->lock);
>                                lock(rtnl_mutex);
>   lock(&trigger_data->lock);
> 
>  *** DEADLOCK ***
> 
> 8 locks held by bash/383:
>  #0: ffff888103ff33f0 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>  #1: ffff888103aa1e88 (&of->mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x114/0x210
>  #2: ffff8881036f1890 (kn->active#82){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11d/0x210
>  #3: ffff888108e2c358 (&led_cdev->led_access){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0x30/0x140
>  #4: ffffffff8cdd9e10 (triggers_list_lock){++++}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0x75/0x140
>  #5: ffff888108e2c270 (&led_cdev->trigger_lock){++++}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0xe3/0x140
>  #6: ffffffff8cdde3d0 (pernet_ops_rwsem){++++}-{3:3}, at: register_netdevice_notifier+0x1c/0x120
>  #7: ffffffff8cddf808 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
> 
> stack backtrace:
> CPU: 0 PID: 383 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.7.0-rc2-next-20231124+ #2
> Hardware name: Default string Default string/Default string, BIOS ADLN.M6.SODIMM.ZB.CY.015 08/08/2023
> Call Trace:
>  <TASK>
>  dump_stack_lvl+0x5c/0xd0
>  dump_stack+0x10/0x20
>  print_circular_bug+0x2dd/0x410
>  check_noncircular+0x131/0x150
>  __lock_acquire+0x1459/0x25a0
>  lock_acquire+0xc8/0x2d0
>  ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>  __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
>  ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>  ? __this_cpu_preempt_check+0x13/0x20
>  ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>  ? __cancel_work_timer+0x11c/0x1b0
>  ? __mutex_lock+0x123/0xb50
>  mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>  ? mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>  netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>  call_netdevice_register_net_notifiers+0x5a/0x100
>  register_netdevice_notifier+0x85/0x120
>  netdev_trig_activate+0x1d4/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
>  led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
>  ? preempt_count_add+0x49/0xc0
>  led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
>  sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
>  kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
>  vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
>  ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>  __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
>  do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
>  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
> RIP: 0033:0x7f269055d034
> Code: c7 00 16 00 00 00 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d 35 c3 0d 00 00 74 13 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 48 83 ec 28 48 89 54 24 18 48
> RSP: 002b:00007ffddb7ef748 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
> RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000007 RCX: 00007f269055d034
> RDX: 0000000000000007 RSI: 000055bf5f4af3c0 RDI: 0000000000000001
> RBP: 000055bf5f4af3c0 R08: 0000000000000073 R09: 0000000000000001
> R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000000000000007
> R13: 00007f26906325c0 R14: 00007f269062ff20 R15: 0000000000000000
>  </TASK>
> 
> Fixes: f42c437acc55 ("leds: trigger: netdev: add additional specific link speed mode")

Hi Heiner,

The hash above doesn't seem to match what is upstream.
Perhaps it should be:

Fixes: d5e01266e7f5 ("leds: trigger: netdev: add additional specific link speed mode")

> Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>

...
Heiner Kallweit Dec. 1, 2023, 10:13 a.m. UTC | #2 
On 01.12.2023 10:54, Simon Horman wrote:
> On Wed, Nov 29, 2023 at 09:03:56AM +0100, Heiner Kallweit wrote:
>> When working on LED support for r8169 I got the following lockdep
>> warning. Easiest way to prevent this scenario seems to be to take
>> the RTNL lock before the trigger_data lock in set_device_name().
>>
>> ======================================================
>> WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
>> 6.7.0-rc2-next-20231124+ #2 Not tainted
>> ------------------------------------------------------
>> bash/383 is trying to acquire lock:
>> ffff888103aa1c68 (&trigger_data->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>
>> but task is already holding lock:
>> ffffffff8cddf808 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
>>
>> which lock already depends on the new lock.
>>
>>
>> the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
>>
>> -> #1 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}:
>>        __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
>>        mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>>        rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
>>        set_device_name+0xa9/0x120 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>        netdev_trig_activate+0x1a1/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>        led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
>>        led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
>>        sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
>>        kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
>>        vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
>>        ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>>        __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
>>        do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
>>        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
>>
>> -> #0 (&trigger_data->lock){+.+.}-{3:3}:
>>        __lock_acquire+0x1459/0x25a0
>>        lock_acquire+0xc8/0x2d0
>>        __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
>>        mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>>        netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>        call_netdevice_register_net_notifiers+0x5a/0x100
>>        register_netdevice_notifier+0x85/0x120
>>        netdev_trig_activate+0x1d4/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>        led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
>>        led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
>>        sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
>>        kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
>>        vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
>>        ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>>        __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
>>        do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
>>        entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
>>
>> other info that might help us debug this:
>>
>>  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
>>
>>        CPU0                    CPU1
>>        ----                    ----
>>   lock(rtnl_mutex);
>>                                lock(&trigger_data->lock);
>>                                lock(rtnl_mutex);
>>   lock(&trigger_data->lock);
>>
>>  *** DEADLOCK ***
>>
>> 8 locks held by bash/383:
>>  #0: ffff888103ff33f0 (sb_writers#3){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>>  #1: ffff888103aa1e88 (&of->mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x114/0x210
>>  #2: ffff8881036f1890 (kn->active#82){.+.+}-{0:0}, at: kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x11d/0x210
>>  #3: ffff888108e2c358 (&led_cdev->led_access){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0x30/0x140
>>  #4: ffffffff8cdd9e10 (triggers_list_lock){++++}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0x75/0x140
>>  #5: ffff888108e2c270 (&led_cdev->trigger_lock){++++}-{3:3}, at: led_trigger_write+0xe3/0x140
>>  #6: ffffffff8cdde3d0 (pernet_ops_rwsem){++++}-{3:3}, at: register_netdevice_notifier+0x1c/0x120
>>  #7: ffffffff8cddf808 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: rtnl_lock+0x12/0x20
>>
>> stack backtrace:
>> CPU: 0 PID: 383 Comm: bash Not tainted 6.7.0-rc2-next-20231124+ #2
>> Hardware name: Default string Default string/Default string, BIOS ADLN.M6.SODIMM.ZB.CY.015 08/08/2023
>> Call Trace:
>>  <TASK>
>>  dump_stack_lvl+0x5c/0xd0
>>  dump_stack+0x10/0x20
>>  print_circular_bug+0x2dd/0x410
>>  check_noncircular+0x131/0x150
>>  __lock_acquire+0x1459/0x25a0
>>  lock_acquire+0xc8/0x2d0
>>  ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>  __mutex_lock+0x9b/0xb50
>>  ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>  ? __this_cpu_preempt_check+0x13/0x20
>>  ? netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>  ? __cancel_work_timer+0x11c/0x1b0
>>  ? __mutex_lock+0x123/0xb50
>>  mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>>  ? mutex_lock_nested+0x16/0x20
>>  netdev_trig_notify+0xec/0x190 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>  call_netdevice_register_net_notifiers+0x5a/0x100
>>  register_netdevice_notifier+0x85/0x120
>>  netdev_trig_activate+0x1d4/0x230 [ledtrig_netdev]
>>  led_trigger_set+0x172/0x2c0
>>  ? preempt_count_add+0x49/0xc0
>>  led_trigger_write+0xf1/0x140
>>  sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5d/0x80
>>  kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x15d/0x210
>>  vfs_write+0x1f0/0x510
>>  ksys_write+0x6c/0xf0
>>  __x64_sys_write+0x14/0x20
>>  do_syscall_64+0x3f/0xf0
>>  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6c/0x74
>> RIP: 0033:0x7f269055d034
>> Code: c7 00 16 00 00 00 b8 ff ff ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa 80 3d 35 c3 0d 00 00 74 13 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 54 c3 0f 1f 00 48 83 ec 28 48 89 54 24 18 48
>> RSP: 002b:00007ffddb7ef748 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
>> RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000007 RCX: 00007f269055d034
>> RDX: 0000000000000007 RSI: 000055bf5f4af3c0 RDI: 0000000000000001
>> RBP: 000055bf5f4af3c0 R08: 0000000000000073 R09: 0000000000000001
>> R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000000000000007
>> R13: 00007f26906325c0 R14: 00007f269062ff20 R15: 0000000000000000
>>  </TASK>
>>
>> Fixes: f42c437acc55 ("leds: trigger: netdev: add additional specific link speed mode")
> 
> Hi Heiner,
> 
> The hash above doesn't seem to match what is upstream.
> Perhaps it should be:
> 
Indeed, thanks for the hint.

> Fixes: d5e01266e7f5 ("leds: trigger: netdev: add additional specific link speed mode")
> 
>> Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
> 
> ...
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-netdev.c b/drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-netdev.c
index e358e77e4..4dbcb2573 100644
--- a/drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-netdev.c
+++ b/drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-netdev.c
@@ -226,6 +226,11 @@  static int set_device_name(struct led_netdev_data *trigger_data,
 
 	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&trigger_data->work);
 
+	/*
+	 * Take RTNL lock before trigger_data lock to prevent potential
+	 * deadlock with netdev notifier registration.
+	 */
+	rtnl_lock();
 	mutex_lock(&trigger_data->lock);
 
 	if (trigger_data->net_dev) {
@@ -245,16 +250,14 @@  static int set_device_name(struct led_netdev_data *trigger_data,
 	trigger_data->carrier_link_up = false;
 	trigger_data->link_speed = SPEED_UNKNOWN;
 	trigger_data->duplex = DUPLEX_UNKNOWN;
-	if (trigger_data->net_dev != NULL) {
-		rtnl_lock();
+	if (trigger_data->net_dev)
 		get_device_state(trigger_data);
-		rtnl_unlock();
-	}
 
 	trigger_data->last_activity = 0;
 
 	set_baseline_state(trigger_data);
 	mutex_unlock(&trigger_data->lock);
+	rtnl_unlock();
 
 	return 0;
 }