diff --git a/configure b/configure
index a79b3746d4c..f0869ca65c1 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -3607,14 +3607,24 @@ if $pkg_config gbm; then
 fi
 
 if test "$opengl" != "no" ; then
-  opengl_pkgs="epoxy gbm"
-  if $pkg_config $opengl_pkgs; then
-    opengl_cflags="$($pkg_config --cflags $opengl_pkgs)"
-    opengl_libs="$($pkg_config --libs $opengl_pkgs)"
+  epoxy=no
+  if $pkg_config epoxy; then
+    cat > $TMPC << EOF
+#include <epoxy/egl.h>
+int main(void) { return 0; }
+EOF
+    if compile_prog "" "" ; then
+      epoxy=yes
+    fi
+  fi
+
+  if test "$epoxy" = "yes" ; then
+    opengl_cflags="$($pkg_config --cflags epoxy)"
+    opengl_libs="$($pkg_config --libs epoxy)"
     opengl=yes
   else
     if test "$opengl" = "yes" ; then
-      feature_not_found "opengl" "Please install opengl (mesa) devel pkgs: $opengl_pkgs"
+      feature_not_found "opengl" "Please install epoxy with EGL"
     fi
     opengl_cflags=""
     opengl_libs=""
@@ -3622,19 +3632,6 @@ if test "$opengl" != "no" ; then
   fi
 fi
 
-if test "$opengl" = "yes"; then
-  cat > $TMPC << EOF
-#include <epoxy/egl.h>
-#ifndef EGL_MESA_image_dma_buf_export
-# error mesa/epoxy lacks support for dmabufs (mesa 10.6+)
-#endif
-int main(void) { return 0; }
-EOF
-  if compile_prog "" "" ; then
-    opengl_dmabuf=yes
-  fi
-fi
-
 ##########################################
 # libxml2 probe
 if test "$libxml2" != "no" ; then
@@ -5837,9 +5834,6 @@ if test "$opengl" = "yes" ; then
   echo "CONFIG_OPENGL=y" >> $config_host_mak
   echo "OPENGL_CFLAGS=$opengl_cflags" >> $config_host_mak
   echo "OPENGL_LIBS=$opengl_libs" >> $config_host_mak
-  if test "$opengl_dmabuf" = "yes" ; then
-    echo "CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF=y" >> $config_host_mak
-  fi
 fi
 
 if test "$gbm" = "yes" ; then
diff --git a/docs/interop/vhost-user.json b/docs/interop/vhost-user.json
index feb5fe58cad..b6ade9e4931 100644
--- a/docs/interop/vhost-user.json
+++ b/docs/interop/vhost-user.json
@@ -250,7 +250,8 @@
 #   "type": "gpu",
 #   "binary": "/usr/libexec/qemu/vhost-user-gpu",
 #   "tags": [
-#     "CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF=y"
+#     "CONFIG_OPENGL=y",
+#     "CONFIG_GBM=y"
 #   ]
 # }
 #
diff --git a/include/ui/egl-helpers.h b/include/ui/egl-helpers.h
index 5b1f7fafe0b..f1bf8f97fc3 100644
--- a/include/ui/egl-helpers.h
+++ b/include/ui/egl-helpers.h
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 #include <epoxy/gl.h>
 #include <epoxy/egl.h>
+#ifdef CONFIG_GBM
 #include <gbm.h>
+#endif
 #include "ui/console.h"
 #include "ui/shader.h"
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ void egl_texture_blit(QemuGLShader *gls, egl_fb *dst, egl_fb *src, bool flip);
 void egl_texture_blend(QemuGLShader *gls, egl_fb *dst, egl_fb *src, bool flip,
                        int x, int y, double scale_x, double scale_y);
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF
+#ifdef CONFIG_GBM
 
 extern int qemu_egl_rn_fd;
 extern struct gbm_device *qemu_egl_rn_gbm_dev;
@@ -48,8 +50,13 @@ void egl_dmabuf_release_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
 
 EGLSurface qemu_egl_init_surface_x11(EGLContext ectx, EGLNativeWindowType win);
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_X11) || defined(CONFIG_GBM)
+
 int qemu_egl_init_dpy_x11(EGLNativeDisplayType dpy, DisplayGLMode mode);
 int qemu_egl_init_dpy_mesa(EGLNativeDisplayType dpy, DisplayGLMode mode);
+
+#endif
+
 EGLContext qemu_egl_init_ctx(void);
 bool qemu_egl_has_dmabuf(void);
 
diff --git a/include/ui/spice-display.h b/include/ui/spice-display.h
index 4a47ffdd4c8..ed298d58f06 100644
--- a/include/ui/spice-display.h
+++ b/include/ui/spice-display.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "ui/qemu-pixman.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF)
+#if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL) && defined(CONFIG_GBM)
 # if SPICE_SERVER_VERSION >= 0x000d01 /* release 0.13.1 */
 #  define HAVE_SPICE_GL 1
 #  include "ui/egl-helpers.h"
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index 58321a0ea25..1f09e31bfbf 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -2639,7 +2639,7 @@ summary_info += {'U2F support':       u2f.found()}
 summary_info += {'libusb':            config_host.has_key('CONFIG_USB_LIBUSB')}
 summary_info += {'usb net redir':     config_host.has_key('CONFIG_USB_REDIR')}
 summary_info += {'OpenGL support':    config_host.has_key('CONFIG_OPENGL')}
-summary_info += {'OpenGL dmabufs':    config_host.has_key('CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF')}
+summary_info += {'GBM':               config_host.has_key('CONFIG_GBM')}
 summary_info += {'libiscsi support':  libiscsi.found()}
 summary_info += {'libnfs support':    libnfs.found()}
 if targetos == 'windows'
diff --git a/ui/egl-helpers.c b/ui/egl-helpers.c
index 73fe61f8781..6d0cb2b5cb9 100644
--- a/ui/egl-helpers.c
+++ b/ui/egl-helpers.c
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void egl_texture_blend(QemuGLShader *gls, egl_fb *dst, egl_fb *src, bool flip,
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF
+#ifdef CONFIG_GBM
 
 int qemu_egl_rn_fd;
 struct gbm_device *qemu_egl_rn_gbm_dev;
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ void egl_dmabuf_release_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
     dmabuf->texture = 0;
 }
 
-#endif /* CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF */
+#endif /* CONFIG_GBM */
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
@@ -315,6 +315,8 @@ EGLSurface qemu_egl_init_surface_x11(EGLContext ectx, EGLNativeWindowType win)
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_X11) || defined(CONFIG_GBM)
+
 /*
  * Taken from glamor_egl.h from the Xorg xserver, which is MIT licensed
  *
@@ -441,6 +443,8 @@ int qemu_egl_init_dpy_mesa(EGLNativeDisplayType dpy, DisplayGLMode mode)
 #endif
 }
 
+#endif
+
 bool qemu_egl_has_dmabuf(void)
 {
     if (qemu_egl_display == EGL_NO_DISPLAY) {
diff --git a/ui/gtk-egl.c b/ui/gtk-egl.c
index 588e7b1bb19..2a2e6d3a17d 100644
--- a/ui/gtk-egl.c
+++ b/ui/gtk-egl.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ void gd_egl_scanout_texture(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
 void gd_egl_scanout_dmabuf(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
                            QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF
+#ifdef CONFIG_GBM
     egl_dmabuf_import_texture(dmabuf);
     if (!dmabuf->texture) {
         return;
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void gd_egl_cursor_dmabuf(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
                           QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, bool have_hot,
                           uint32_t hot_x, uint32_t hot_y)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF
+#ifdef CONFIG_GBM
     VirtualConsole *vc = container_of(dcl, VirtualConsole, gfx.dcl);
 
     if (dmabuf) {
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ void gd_egl_cursor_position(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
 void gd_egl_release_dmabuf(DisplayChangeListener *dcl,
                            QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF
+#ifdef CONFIG_GBM
     egl_dmabuf_release_texture(dmabuf);
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/ui/gtk.c b/ui/gtk.c
index 79dc2401203..ab5ae94fc92 100644
--- a/ui/gtk.c
+++ b/ui/gtk.c
@@ -657,6 +657,8 @@ static const DisplayChangeListenerOps dcl_gl_area_ops = {
     .dpy_has_dmabuf          = gd_has_dmabuf,
 };
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_X11
+
 static const DisplayChangeListenerOps dcl_egl_ops = {
     .dpy_name             = "gtk-egl",
     .dpy_gfx_update       = gd_egl_update,
@@ -679,6 +681,8 @@ static const DisplayChangeListenerOps dcl_egl_ops = {
     .dpy_has_dmabuf          = gd_has_dmabuf,
 };
 
+#endif
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_OPENGL */
 
 /** QEMU Events **/
@@ -797,8 +801,12 @@ static gboolean gd_draw_event(GtkWidget *widget, cairo_t *cr, void *opaque)
             /* invoke render callback please */
             return FALSE;
         } else {
+#ifdef CONFIG_X11
             gd_egl_draw(vc);
             return TRUE;
+#else
+            abort();
+#endif
         }
     }
 #endif
@@ -2022,6 +2030,7 @@ static GSList *gd_vc_gfx_init(GtkDisplayState *s, VirtualConsole *vc,
                              G_CALLBACK(gl_area_realize), vc);
             vc->gfx.dcl.ops = &dcl_gl_area_ops;
         } else {
+#ifdef CONFIG_X11
             vc->gfx.drawing_area = gtk_drawing_area_new();
             /*
              * gtk_widget_set_double_buffered() was deprecated in 3.14.
@@ -2035,6 +2044,9 @@ static GSList *gd_vc_gfx_init(GtkDisplayState *s, VirtualConsole *vc,
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
             vc->gfx.dcl.ops = &dcl_egl_ops;
             vc->gfx.has_dmabuf = qemu_egl_has_dmabuf();
+#else
+            abort();
+#endif
         }
     } else
 #endif
@@ -2345,8 +2357,10 @@ static void early_gtk_display_init(DisplayOptions *opts)
         } else
 #endif
         {
+#ifdef CONFIG_X11
             DisplayGLMode mode = opts->has_gl ? opts->gl : DISPLAYGL_MODE_ON;
             gtk_egl_init(mode);
+#endif
         }
 #endif
     }
diff --git a/ui/meson.build b/ui/meson.build
index 156b600a999..e8d3ff41b90 100644
--- a/ui/meson.build
+++ b/ui/meson.build
@@ -45,14 +45,15 @@ endif
 
 if config_host.has_key('CONFIG_OPENGL')
   opengl_ss = ss.source_set()
+  opengl_ss.add(gbm)
   opengl_ss.add(when: [opengl, pixman, 'CONFIG_OPENGL'],
                if_true: files('shader.c', 'console-gl.c', 'egl-helpers.c', 'egl-context.c'))
   ui_modules += {'opengl' : opengl_ss}
 endif
 
-if config_host.has_key('CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF')
+if config_host.has_key('CONFIG_OPENGL') and gbm.found()
   egl_headless_ss = ss.source_set()
-  egl_headless_ss.add(when: [opengl, pixman, 'CONFIG_OPENGL_DMABUF'],
+  egl_headless_ss.add(when: [opengl, gbm, pixman, 'CONFIG_OPENGL'],
                       if_true: files('egl-headless.c'))
   ui_modules += {'egl-headless' : egl_headless_ss}
 endif
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ if gtk.found()
   gtk_ss = ss.source_set()
   gtk_ss.add(gtk, vte, pixman, files('gtk.c'))
   gtk_ss.add(when: x11, if_true: files('x_keymap.c'))
-  gtk_ss.add(when: [opengl, 'CONFIG_OPENGL'], if_true: files('gtk-egl.c', 'gtk-gl-area.c'))
+  gtk_ss.add(when: [opengl, 'CONFIG_OPENGL'], if_true: files('gtk-gl-area.c'))
+  gtk_ss.add(when: [x11, opengl, 'CONFIG_OPENGL'], if_true: files('gtk-egl.c'))
   ui_modules += {'gtk' : gtk_ss}
 endif
 
