diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index 7c22b31259..a3bc28cf32 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -3065,12 +3065,13 @@ out:
  * If @parent_bs and @child_bs are in different AioContexts, the caller must
  * hold the AioContext lock for @child_bs, but not for @parent_bs.
  */
-BdrvChild *bdrv_attach_child(BlockDriverState *parent_bs,
-                             BlockDriverState *child_bs,
-                             const char *child_name,
-                             const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
-                             BdrvChildRole child_role,
-                             Error **errp)
+static BdrvChild *bdrv_do_attach_child(BlockDriverState *parent_bs,
+                                       BlockDriverState *child_bs,
+                                       const char *child_name,
+                                       const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
+                                       BdrvChildRole child_role,
+                                       bool refresh_perms,
+                                       Error **errp)
 {
     int ret;
     BdrvChild *child;
@@ -3082,9 +3083,11 @@ BdrvChild *bdrv_attach_child(BlockDriverState *parent_bs,
         goto out;
     }
 
-    ret = bdrv_refresh_perms(parent_bs, tran, errp);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        goto out;
+    if (refresh_perms) {
+        ret = bdrv_refresh_perms(parent_bs, tran, errp);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto out;
+        }
     }
 
 out:
@@ -3095,6 +3098,17 @@ out:
     return ret < 0 ? NULL : child;
 }
 
+BdrvChild *bdrv_attach_child(BlockDriverState *parent_bs,
+                             BlockDriverState *child_bs,
+                             const char *child_name,
+                             const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
+                             BdrvChildRole child_role,
+                             Error **errp)
+{
+    return bdrv_do_attach_child(parent_bs, child_bs, child_name, child_class,
+                                child_role, true, errp);
+}
+
 /* Caller is responsible to refresh permissions in @refresh_list */
 static void bdrv_root_unref_child_tran(BdrvChild *child, GSList **refresh_list,
                                        Transaction *tran)
@@ -3556,12 +3570,13 @@ done:
  *
  * The BlockdevRef will be removed from the options QDict.
  */
-BdrvChild *bdrv_open_child(const char *filename,
-                           QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
-                           BlockDriverState *parent,
-                           const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
-                           BdrvChildRole child_role,
-                           bool allow_none, Error **errp)
+BdrvChild *bdrv_open_child_common(const char *filename,
+                                  QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
+                                  BlockDriverState *parent,
+                                  const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
+                                  BdrvChildRole child_role,
+                                  bool allow_none, bool refresh_perms,
+                                  Error **errp)
 {
     BlockDriverState *bs;
 
@@ -3571,16 +3586,29 @@ BdrvChild *bdrv_open_child(const char *filename,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    return bdrv_attach_child(parent, bs, bdref_key, child_class, child_role,
-                             errp);
+    return bdrv_do_attach_child(parent, bs, bdref_key, child_class, child_role,
+                                refresh_perms, errp);
+}
+
+BdrvChild *bdrv_open_child(const char *filename,
+                           QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
+                           BlockDriverState *parent,
+                           const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
+                           BdrvChildRole child_role,
+                           bool allow_none, Error **errp)
+{
+    return bdrv_open_child_common(filename, options, bdref_key, parent,
+                                  child_class, child_role, allow_none, true,
+                                  errp);
 }
 
 /*
  * Wrapper on bdrv_open_child() for most popular case: open primary child of bs.
  */
-int bdrv_open_file_child(const char *filename,
-                         QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
-                         BlockDriverState *parent, Error **errp)
+int bdrv_open_file_child_common(const char *filename,
+                                QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
+                                BlockDriverState *parent, bool refresh_perms,
+                                Error **errp)
 {
     BdrvChildRole role;
 
@@ -3589,8 +3617,9 @@ int bdrv_open_file_child(const char *filename,
     role = parent->drv->is_filter ?
         (BDRV_CHILD_FILTERED | BDRV_CHILD_PRIMARY) : BDRV_CHILD_IMAGE;
 
-    if (!bdrv_open_child(filename, options, bdref_key, parent,
-                         &child_of_bds, role, false, errp))
+    if (!bdrv_open_child_common(filename, options, bdref_key, parent,
+                                &child_of_bds, role, false, refresh_perms,
+                                errp))
     {
         return -EINVAL;
     }
@@ -3598,6 +3627,15 @@ int bdrv_open_file_child(const char *filename,
     return 0;
 }
 
+int bdrv_open_file_child(const char *filename,
+                         QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
+                         BlockDriverState *parent,
+                         Error **errp)
+{
+    return bdrv_open_file_child_common(filename, options, bdref_key, parent,
+                                       true, errp);
+}
+
 /*
  * TODO Future callers may need to specify parent/child_class in order for
  * option inheritance to work. Existing callers use it for the root node.
@@ -6647,7 +6685,7 @@ void bdrv_unref_tran(BlockDriverState *bs, GSList **refresh_list,
 
     tran_add(tran, &bdrv_unref_drv, bs);
 
-    if (bs->drv && (!bs->drv->bdrv_close || bs->drv->indepenent_close) &&
+    if (bs->drv && (!bs->drv->bdrv_close || bs->drv->independent_close) &&
         refresh_list && bs->refcnt == 0)
     {
         QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(child, &bs->children, next, next) {
diff --git a/block/monitor/block-hmp-cmds.c b/block/monitor/block-hmp-cmds.c
index bfb3c043a0..9145ccfc46 100644
--- a/block/monitor/block-hmp-cmds.c
+++ b/block/monitor/block-hmp-cmds.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static void hmp_drive_add_node(Monitor *mon, const char *optstr)
         goto out;
     }
 
-    BlockDriverState *bs = bds_tree_init(qdict, &local_err);
+    BlockDriverState *bs = bds_tree_init(qdict, 0, &local_err);
     if (!bs) {
         error_report_err(local_err);
         goto out;
diff --git a/blockdev.c b/blockdev.c
index 517be48399..3569b0e6ee 100644
--- a/blockdev.c
+++ b/blockdev.c
@@ -624,11 +624,10 @@ err_no_opts:
 }
 
 /* Takes the ownership of bs_opts */
-BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, Error **errp)
+BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, BdrvRequestFlags flags,
+                                Error **errp)
 {
-    int bdrv_flags = 0;
-
-    /* bdrv_open() defaults to the values in bdrv_flags (for compatibility
+    /* bdrv_open() defaults to the values in flags (for compatibility
      * with other callers) rather than what we want as the real defaults.
      * Apply the defaults here instead. */
     qdict_set_default_str(bs_opts, BDRV_OPT_CACHE_DIRECT, "off");
@@ -636,10 +635,10 @@ BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, Error **errp)
     qdict_set_default_str(bs_opts, BDRV_OPT_READ_ONLY, "off");
 
     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE)) {
-        bdrv_flags |= BDRV_O_INACTIVE;
+        flags |= BDRV_O_INACTIVE;
     }
 
-    return bdrv_open(NULL, NULL, bs_opts, bdrv_flags, errp);
+    return bdrv_open(NULL, NULL, bs_opts, flags, errp);
 }
 
 void blockdev_close_all_bdrv_states(void)
@@ -3449,7 +3448,7 @@ void qmp_blockdev_add(BlockdevOptions *options, Error **errp)
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    bs = bds_tree_init(qdict, errp);
+    bs = bds_tree_init(qdict, 0, errp);
     if (!bs) {
         goto fail;
     }
diff --git a/include/block/block.h b/include/block/block.h
index 92fe31bd13..017bf9b7c0 100644
--- a/include/block/block.h
+++ b/include/block/block.h
@@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ typedef struct HDGeometry {
 #define BDRV_O_AUTO_RDONLY 0x20000 /* degrade to read-only if opening read-write fails */
 #define BDRV_O_IO_URING    0x40000 /* use io_uring instead of the thread pool */
 
+#define BDRV_O_NOPERM      0x80000 /* Don't update permissions if possible,
+                                      open() caller will do that. */
+
 #define BDRV_O_CACHE_MASK  (BDRV_O_NOCACHE | BDRV_O_NO_FLUSH)
 
 
@@ -416,6 +419,17 @@ BdrvChild *bdrv_open_child(const char *filename,
                            const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
                            BdrvChildRole child_role,
                            bool allow_none, Error **errp);
+BdrvChild *bdrv_open_child_common(const char *filename,
+                                  QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
+                                  BlockDriverState *parent,
+                                  const BdrvChildClass *child_class,
+                                  BdrvChildRole child_role,
+                                  bool allow_none, bool refresh_perms,
+                                  Error **errp);
+int bdrv_open_file_child_common(const char *filename,
+                                QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
+                                BlockDriverState *parent, bool refresh_perms,
+                                Error **errp);
 int bdrv_open_file_child(const char *filename,
                          QDict *options, const char *bdref_key,
                          BlockDriverState *parent, Error **errp);
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index e2bb936451..f6deb89f23 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ struct BlockDriver {
      * and is safe to be called in commit phase of block-graph modifying
      * transaction.
      */
-    bool indepenent_close;
+    bool independent_close;
 
     /* For handling image reopen for split or non-split files */
     int (*bdrv_reopen_prepare)(BDRVReopenState *reopen_state,
@@ -1436,7 +1436,8 @@ int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_range_to(BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
 int refresh_total_sectors(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t hint);
 
 void bdrv_set_monitor_owned(BlockDriverState *bs);
-BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, Error **errp);
+BlockDriverState *bds_tree_init(QDict *bs_opts, BdrvRequestFlags flags,
+                                Error **errp);
 
 /**
  * Simple implementation of bdrv_co_create_opts for protocol drivers
