diff mbox series

[v2,07/11] qapi: golang: Generate qapi's union types in Go

Message ID 20231016152704.221611-8-victortoso@redhat.com (mailing list archive)
State New, archived
Headers show
Series qapi-go: add generator for Golang interface | expand

Commit Message

Victor Toso Oct. 16, 2023, 3:27 p.m. UTC
This patch handles QAPI union types and generates the equivalent data
structures and methods in Go to handle it.

The QAPI union type has two types of fields: The @base and the
@Variants members. The @base fields can be considered common members
for the union while only one field maximum is set for the @Variants.

In the QAPI specification, it defines a @discriminator field, which is
an Enum type. The purpose of the  @discriminator is to identify which
@variant type is being used.

For the @discriminator's enum that are not handled by the QAPI Union,
we add in the Go struct a separate block as "Unbranched enum fields".
The rationale for this extra block is to allow the user to pass that
enum value under the discriminator, without extra payload.

The union types implement the Marshaler and Unmarshaler interfaces to
seamless decode from JSON objects to Golang structs and vice versa.

qapi:
 | { 'union': 'SetPasswordOptions',
 |   'base': { 'protocol': 'DisplayProtocol',
 |             'password': 'str',
 |             '*connected': 'SetPasswordAction' },
 |   'discriminator': 'protocol',
 |   'data': { 'vnc': 'SetPasswordOptionsVnc' } }

go:
 | type SetPasswordOptions struct {
 | 	Password  string             `json:"password"`
 | 	Connected *SetPasswordAction `json:"connected,omitempty"`
 | 	// Variants fields
 | 	Vnc *SetPasswordOptionsVnc `json:"-"`
 | 	// Unbranched enum fields
 | 	Spice bool `json:"-"`
 | }

Signed-off-by: Victor Toso <victortoso@redhat.com>
---
 scripts/qapi/golang.py | 228 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 217 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

Comments

Andrea Bolognani Nov. 9, 2023, 5:29 p.m. UTC | #1
On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 05:27:00PM +0200, Victor Toso wrote:
> This patch handles QAPI union types and generates the equivalent data
> structures and methods in Go to handle it.
>
> The QAPI union type has two types of fields: The @base and the
> @Variants members. The @base fields can be considered common members
> for the union while only one field maximum is set for the @Variants.
>
> In the QAPI specification, it defines a @discriminator field, which is
> an Enum type. The purpose of the  @discriminator is to identify which
> @variant type is being used.
>
> For the @discriminator's enum that are not handled by the QAPI Union,
> we add in the Go struct a separate block as "Unbranched enum fields".
> The rationale for this extra block is to allow the user to pass that
> enum value under the discriminator, without extra payload.
>
> The union types implement the Marshaler and Unmarshaler interfaces to
> seamless decode from JSON objects to Golang structs and vice versa.
>
> qapi:
>  | { 'union': 'SetPasswordOptions',
>  |   'base': { 'protocol': 'DisplayProtocol',
>  |             'password': 'str',
>  |             '*connected': 'SetPasswordAction' },
>  |   'discriminator': 'protocol',
>  |   'data': { 'vnc': 'SetPasswordOptionsVnc' } }
>
> go:
>  | type SetPasswordOptions struct {
>  | 	Password  string             `json:"password"`
>  | 	Connected *SetPasswordAction `json:"connected,omitempty"`
>  | 	// Variants fields
>  | 	Vnc *SetPasswordOptionsVnc `json:"-"`
>  | 	// Unbranched enum fields
>  | 	Spice bool `json:"-"`
>  | }

Instead of using bool for these, can we denote a special type? For
example

  type Empty struct{}

We could then do

  u := SetPasswordOptions{
    Password: "...",
    Spice: &Empty{},
  }

The benefit I have in mind is that you'd be able to check which
variant field is set consistently:

  if u.Vnc != nil {
    ...
  }
  if u.Spice != nil {
    ...
  }

Additionally, this would allow client code that *looks* at the union
to keep working even if actual data is later added to the branch;
client code that *creates* the union would need to be updated, of
course, but that would be the case regardless.
Victor Toso Nov. 9, 2023, 6:35 p.m. UTC | #2
Hi,

On Thu, Nov 09, 2023 at 09:29:28AM -0800, Andrea Bolognani wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 16, 2023 at 05:27:00PM +0200, Victor Toso wrote:
> > This patch handles QAPI union types and generates the equivalent data
> > structures and methods in Go to handle it.
> >
> > The QAPI union type has two types of fields: The @base and the
> > @Variants members. The @base fields can be considered common members
> > for the union while only one field maximum is set for the @Variants.
> >
> > In the QAPI specification, it defines a @discriminator field, which is
> > an Enum type. The purpose of the  @discriminator is to identify which
> > @variant type is being used.
> >
> > For the @discriminator's enum that are not handled by the QAPI Union,
> > we add in the Go struct a separate block as "Unbranched enum fields".
> > The rationale for this extra block is to allow the user to pass that
> > enum value under the discriminator, without extra payload.
> >
> > The union types implement the Marshaler and Unmarshaler interfaces to
> > seamless decode from JSON objects to Golang structs and vice versa.
> >
> > qapi:
> >  | { 'union': 'SetPasswordOptions',
> >  |   'base': { 'protocol': 'DisplayProtocol',
> >  |             'password': 'str',
> >  |             '*connected': 'SetPasswordAction' },
> >  |   'discriminator': 'protocol',
> >  |   'data': { 'vnc': 'SetPasswordOptionsVnc' } }
> >
> > go:
> >  | type SetPasswordOptions struct {
> >  | 	Password  string             `json:"password"`
> >  | 	Connected *SetPasswordAction `json:"connected,omitempty"`
> >  | 	// Variants fields
> >  | 	Vnc *SetPasswordOptionsVnc `json:"-"`
> >  | 	// Unbranched enum fields
> >  | 	Spice bool `json:"-"`
> >  | }
> 
> Instead of using bool for these, can we denote a special type? For
> example
> 
>   type Empty struct{}
> 
> We could then do
> 
>   u := SetPasswordOptions{
>     Password: "...",
>     Spice: &Empty{},
>   }
> 
> The benefit I have in mind is that you'd be able to check which
> variant field is set consistently:
> 
>   if u.Vnc != nil {
>     ...
>   }
>   if u.Spice != nil {
>     ...
>   }
> 
> Additionally, this would allow client code that *looks* at the
> union to keep working even if actual data is later added to the
> branch; client code that *creates* the union would need to be
> updated, of course, but that would be the case regardless.

I think it is better to not have code that is working to keep
working in this case where Spice is implemented.

Implementing Spice here would mean that a struct type
SetPasswordOptionsSpice was created but because the code handling
it before was using struct type Empty, it will not handle the new
struct, leading to possible runtime errors (e.g: not handling
username/password)

A bool would be simpler, triggering compile time errors.

Note that I'm working with the mindset that each version of the
module talks well with a version of QEMU. We should consider next
if we want to implement logic for QAPI versioning promises, which
is for more than one QEMU version. Markus had an email about it
last year. Daniel also suggested more version promises than what
QAPI currently does.

Anyway, that's my rationale for bool here.

Cheers,
Victor
Andrea Bolognani Nov. 10, 2023, 9:54 a.m. UTC | #3
On Thu, Nov 09, 2023 at 07:35:04PM +0100, Victor Toso wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 09, 2023 at 09:29:28AM -0800, Andrea Bolognani wrote:
> > Additionally, this would allow client code that *looks* at the
> > union to keep working even if actual data is later added to the
> > branch; client code that *creates* the union would need to be
> > updated, of course, but that would be the case regardless.
>
> I think it is better to not have code that is working to keep
> working in this case where Spice is implemented.
>
> Implementing Spice here would mean that a struct type
> SetPasswordOptionsSpice was created but because the code handling
> it before was using struct type Empty, it will not handle the new
> struct, leading to possible runtime errors (e.g: not handling
> username/password)
>
> A bool would be simpler, triggering compile time errors.

You've convinced me :) Let's leave it like this for now. Once we
start seriously thinking about compatibility across versions then we
might have to reconsider this, but it's going to be part of a much
bigger, much more fun conversation ;)
Victor Toso Nov. 10, 2023, 3:45 p.m. UTC | #4
Hi,

On Fri, Nov 10, 2023 at 01:54:50AM -0800, Andrea Bolognani wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 09, 2023 at 07:35:04PM +0100, Victor Toso wrote:
> > On Thu, Nov 09, 2023 at 09:29:28AM -0800, Andrea Bolognani wrote:
> > > Additionally, this would allow client code that *looks* at the
> > > union to keep working even if actual data is later added to the
> > > branch; client code that *creates* the union would need to be
> > > updated, of course, but that would be the case regardless.
> >
> > I think it is better to not have code that is working to keep
> > working in this case where Spice is implemented.
> >
> > Implementing Spice here would mean that a struct type
> > SetPasswordOptionsSpice was created but because the code handling
> > it before was using struct type Empty, it will not handle the new
> > struct, leading to possible runtime errors (e.g: not handling
> > username/password)
> >
> > A bool would be simpler, triggering compile time errors.
> 
> You've convinced me :) Let's leave it like this for now. Once
> we start seriously thinking about compatibility across versions
> then we might have to reconsider this, but it's going to be
> part of a much bigger, much more fun conversation ;)

Yes! I'm looking forward to a 'unstable' version where we can
agree on building things on top.

Thanks,
Victor
diff mbox series

Patch

diff --git a/scripts/qapi/golang.py b/scripts/qapi/golang.py
index 6a7e37dd90..bc6206797a 100644
--- a/scripts/qapi/golang.py
+++ b/scripts/qapi/golang.py
@@ -51,6 +51,17 @@ 
 \t}
 \treturn nil
 }
+
+// This helper is used to move struct's fields into a map.
+// This function is useful to merge JSON objects.
+func unwrapToMap(m map[string]any, data any) error {
+\tif bytes, err := json.Marshal(&data); err != nil {
+\t\treturn fmt.Errorf("unwrapToMap: %s", err)
+\t} else if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &m); err != nil {
+\t\treturn fmt.Errorf("unwrapToMap: %s, data=%s", err, string(bytes))
+\t}
+\treturn nil
+}
 """
 
 TEMPLATE_ALTERNATE = """
@@ -130,6 +141,81 @@ 
 """
 
 
+TEMPLATE_UNION_CHECK_VARIANT_FIELD = """
+\tif s.{field} != nil && err == nil {{
+\t\tif len(bytes) != 0 {{
+\t\t\terr = errors.New(`multiple variant fields set`)
+\t\t}} else if err = unwrapToMap(m, s.{field}); err == nil {{
+\t\t\tm["{discriminator}"] = {go_enum_value}
+\t\t\tbytes, err = json.Marshal(m)
+\t\t}}
+\t}}
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE_UNION_CHECK_UNBRANCHED_FIELD = """
+\tif s.{field} && err == nil {{
+\t\tif len(bytes) != 0 {{
+\t\t\terr = errors.New(`multiple variant fields set`)
+\t\t}} else {{
+\t\t\tm["{discriminator}"] = {go_enum_value}
+\t\t\tbytes, err = json.Marshal(m)
+\t\t}}
+\t}}
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE_UNION_DRIVER_VARIANT_CASE = """
+\tcase {go_enum_value}:
+\t\ts.{field} = new({member_type})
+\t\tif err := json.Unmarshal(data, s.{field}); err != nil {{
+\t\t\ts.{field} = nil
+\t\t\treturn err
+\t\t}}"""
+
+TEMPLATE_UNION_DRIVER_UNBRANCHED_CASE = """
+\tcase {go_enum_value}:
+\t\ts.{field} = true
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE_UNION_METHODS = """
+func (s {type_name}) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {{
+\tvar bytes []byte
+\tvar err error
+\tm := make(map[string]any)
+\t{{
+\t\ttype Alias {type_name}
+\t\tv := Alias(s)
+\t\tunwrapToMap(m, &v)
+\t}}
+{check_fields}
+\tif err != nil {{
+\t\treturn nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal {type_name} due:'%s' struct='%+v'", err, s)
+\t}} else if len(bytes) == 0 {{
+\t\treturn nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal {type_name} unsupported, struct='%+v'", s)
+\t}}
+\treturn bytes, nil
+}}
+
+func (s *{type_name}) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {{
+{base_type_def}
+\ttmp := struct {{
+\t\t{base_type_name}
+\t}}{{}}
+
+\tif err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp); err != nil {{
+\t\treturn err
+\t}}
+{base_type_assign_unmarshal}
+\tswitch tmp.{discriminator} {{
+{driver_cases}
+\tdefault:
+\t\treturn fmt.Errorf("unmarshal {type_name} received unrecognized value '%s'",
+\t\t\ttmp.{discriminator})
+\t}}
+\treturn nil
+}}
+"""
+
+
 def gen_golang(schema: QAPISchema, output_dir: str, prefix: str) -> None:
     vis = QAPISchemaGenGolangVisitor(prefix)
     schema.visit(vis)
@@ -511,15 +597,17 @@  def recursive_base(
 def qapi_to_golang_struct(
     self: QAPISchemaGenGolangVisitor,
     name: str,
-    _: Optional[QAPISourceInfo],
+    info: Optional[QAPISourceInfo],
     __: QAPISchemaIfCond,
     ___: List[QAPISchemaFeature],
     base: Optional[QAPISchemaObjectType],
     members: List[QAPISchemaObjectTypeMember],
     variants: Optional[QAPISchemaVariants],
+    ident: int = 0,
 ) -> str:
 
-    fields, with_nullable = recursive_base(self, base)
+    discriminator = None if not variants else variants.tag_member.name
+    fields, with_nullable = recursive_base(self, base, discriminator)
 
     if members:
         for member in members:
@@ -534,20 +622,37 @@  def qapi_to_golang_struct(
             fields.append(field)
             with_nullable = True if nullable else with_nullable
 
+    exists = {}
     if variants:
         fields.append({"comment": "Variants fields"})
         for variant in variants.variants:
             if variant.type.is_implicit():
                 continue
 
+            exists[variant.name] = True
             field, nullable = get_struct_field(
                 self, variant.name, variant.type.name, False, True, True
             )
             fields.append(field)
             with_nullable = True if nullable else with_nullable
 
+    if info.defn_meta == "union" and variants:
+        enum_name = variants.tag_member.type.name
+        enum_obj = self.schema.lookup_entity(enum_name)
+        if len(exists) != len(enum_obj.members):
+            fields.append({"comment": "Unbranched enum fields"})
+            for member in enum_obj.members:
+                if member.name in exists:
+                    continue
+
+                field, nullable = get_struct_field(
+                    self, member.name, "bool", False, False, True
+                )
+                fields.append(field)
+                with_nullable = True if nullable else with_nullable
+
     type_name = qapi_to_go_type_name(name)
-    content = generate_struct_type(type_name, fields)
+    content = generate_struct_type(type_name, fields, ident)
     if with_nullable:
         content += struct_with_nullable_generate_marshal(
             self, name, base, members, variants
@@ -555,6 +660,96 @@  def qapi_to_golang_struct(
     return content
 
 
+def qapi_to_golang_methods_union(
+    self: QAPISchemaGenGolangVisitor,
+    name: str,
+    base: Optional[QAPISchemaObjectType],
+    variants: Optional[QAPISchemaVariants],
+) -> str:
+
+    type_name = qapi_to_go_type_name(name)
+
+    assert base
+    base_type_assign_unmarshal = ""
+    base_type_name = qapi_to_go_type_name(base.name)
+    base_type_def = qapi_to_golang_struct(
+        self,
+        base.name,
+        base.info,
+        base.ifcond,
+        base.features,
+        base.base,
+        base.members,
+        base.variants,
+        ident=1,
+    )
+
+    discriminator = qapi_to_field_name(variants.tag_member.name)
+    for member in base.local_members:
+        field = qapi_to_field_name(member.name)
+        if field == discriminator:
+            continue
+        base_type_assign_unmarshal += f"""
+\ts.{field} = tmp.{field}"""
+
+    driver_cases = ""
+    check_fields = ""
+    exists = {}
+    enum_name = variants.tag_member.type.name
+    if variants:
+        for var in variants.variants:
+            if var.type.is_implicit():
+                continue
+
+            field = qapi_to_field_name(var.name)
+            enum_value = qapi_to_field_name_enum(var.name)
+            member_type = qapi_schema_type_to_go_type(var.type.name)
+            go_enum_value = f"""{enum_name}{enum_value}"""
+            exists[go_enum_value] = True
+
+            check_fields += TEMPLATE_UNION_CHECK_VARIANT_FIELD.format(
+                field=field,
+                discriminator=variants.tag_member.name,
+                go_enum_value=go_enum_value,
+            )
+            driver_cases += TEMPLATE_UNION_DRIVER_VARIANT_CASE.format(
+                go_enum_value=go_enum_value,
+                field=field,
+                member_type=member_type,
+            )
+
+    enum_obj = self.schema.lookup_entity(enum_name)
+    if len(exists) != len(enum_obj.members):
+        for member in enum_obj.members:
+            value = qapi_to_field_name_enum(member.name)
+            go_enum_value = f"""{enum_name}{value}"""
+
+            if go_enum_value in exists:
+                continue
+
+            field = qapi_to_field_name(member.name)
+
+            check_fields += TEMPLATE_UNION_CHECK_UNBRANCHED_FIELD.format(
+                field=field,
+                discriminator=variants.tag_member.name,
+                go_enum_value=go_enum_value,
+            )
+            driver_cases += TEMPLATE_UNION_DRIVER_UNBRANCHED_CASE.format(
+                go_enum_value=go_enum_value,
+                field=field,
+            )
+
+    return TEMPLATE_UNION_METHODS.format(
+        type_name=type_name,
+        check_fields=check_fields[1:],
+        base_type_def=base_type_def[1:],
+        base_type_name=base_type_name,
+        base_type_assign_unmarshal=base_type_assign_unmarshal,
+        discriminator=discriminator,
+        driver_cases=driver_cases[1:],
+    )
+
+
 def generate_template_alternate(
     self: QAPISchemaGenGolangVisitor,
     name: str,
@@ -648,6 +843,7 @@  def __init__(self, _: str):
             "enum",
             "helper",
             "struct",
+            "union",
         )
         self.target = dict.fromkeys(types, "")
         self.schema: QAPISchema
@@ -655,6 +851,7 @@  def __init__(self, _: str):
         self.enums: dict[str, str] = {}
         self.alternates: dict[str, str] = {}
         self.structs: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.unions: dict[str, str] = {}
         self.accept_null_types = []
 
     def visit_begin(self, schema: QAPISchema) -> None:
@@ -681,6 +878,7 @@  def visit_begin(self, schema: QAPISchema) -> None:
             elif target == "helper":
                 imports = """\nimport (
 \t"encoding/json"
+\t"fmt"
 \t"strings"
 )
 """
@@ -702,6 +900,7 @@  def visit_end(self) -> None:
         self.target["enum"] += generate_content_from_dict(self.enums)
         self.target["alternate"] += generate_content_from_dict(self.alternates)
         self.target["struct"] += generate_content_from_dict(self.structs)
+        self.target["union"] += generate_content_from_dict(self.unions)
 
     def visit_object_type(
         self,
@@ -713,11 +912,11 @@  def visit_object_type(
         members: List[QAPISchemaObjectTypeMember],
         variants: Optional[QAPISchemaVariants],
     ) -> None:
-        # Do not handle anything besides struct.
+        # Do not handle anything besides struct and unions.
         if (
             name == self.schema.the_empty_object_type.name
             or not isinstance(name, str)
-            or info.defn_meta not in ["struct"]
+            or info.defn_meta not in ["struct", "union"]
         ):
             return
 
@@ -725,9 +924,6 @@  def visit_object_type(
         if qapi_name_is_base(name):
             return
 
-        # Safety checks.
-        assert name not in self.structs
-
         # visit all inner objects as well, they are not going to be
         # called by python's generator.
         if variants:
@@ -744,9 +940,19 @@  def visit_object_type(
                 )
 
         # Save generated Go code to be written later
-        self.structs[name] = qapi_to_golang_struct(
-            self, name, info, ifcond, features, base, members, variants
-        )
+        if info.defn_meta == "struct":
+            assert name not in self.structs
+            self.structs[name] = qapi_to_golang_struct(
+                self, name, info, ifcond, features, base, members, variants
+            )
+        else:
+            assert name not in self.unions
+            self.unions[name] = qapi_to_golang_struct(
+                self, name, info, ifcond, features, base, members, variants
+            )
+            self.unions[name] += qapi_to_golang_methods_union(
+                self, name, base, variants
+            )
 
     def visit_alternate_type(
         self,