diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index a0cd75e..fe6c6db 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -196,7 +196,6 @@ F: lib/librte_eal/linuxapp/eal/*xen*
 F: lib/librte_eal/linuxapp/eal/include/exec-env/rte_dom0_common.h
 F: drivers/net/xenvirt/
 F: doc/guides/xen/
-F: examples/vhost_xen/
 F: doc/guides/nics/features/xenvirt.ini
 
 FreeBSD EAL (with overlaps)
diff --git a/examples/Makefile b/examples/Makefile
index 28354ff..d27eddd 100644
--- a/examples/Makefile
+++ b/examples/Makefile
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ DIRS-$(CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_VHOST) += tep_termination
 endif
 DIRS-$(CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_TIMER) += timer
 DIRS-$(CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_VHOST) += vhost vhost_scsi
-DIRS-$(CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_XEN_DOM0) += vhost_xen
 DIRS-y += vmdq
 DIRS-y += vmdq_dcb
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_RTE_LIBRTE_POWER), y)
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/Makefile b/examples/vhost_xen/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index ad2466a..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-#   BSD LICENSE
-#
-#   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
-#   All rights reserved.
-#
-#   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-#   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-#   are met:
-#
-#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
-#       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-#       distribution.
-#     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
-#       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
-#       from this software without specific prior written permission.
-#
-#   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
-#   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-#   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
-#   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
-#   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
-#   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
-#   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
-#   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
-#   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-#   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
-#   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-
-ifeq ($(RTE_SDK),)
-$(error "Please define RTE_SDK environment variable")
-endif
-
-# Default target, can be overridden by command line or environment
-RTE_TARGET ?= x86_64-native-linuxapp-gcc
-
-include $(RTE_SDK)/mk/rte.vars.mk
-
-# binary name
-APP = vhost-switch
-
-# all source are stored in SRCS-y
-SRCS-y := main.c vhost_monitor.c xenstore_parse.c
-
-CFLAGS += -O2 -I/usr/local/include -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -Wno-unused-parameter
-CFLAGS += $(WERROR_FLAGS)
-CFLAGS += -D_GNU_SOURCE
-LDFLAGS += -lxenstore
-
-include $(RTE_SDK)/mk/rte.extapp.mk
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/main.c b/examples/vhost_xen/main.c
deleted file mode 100644
index eba4d35..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/main.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1522 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- *   BSD LICENSE
- *
- *   Copyright(c) 2010-2015 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *   All rights reserved.
- *
- *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- *   are met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *       distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
- *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <getopt.h>
-#include <linux/if_ether.h>
-#include <linux/if_vlan.h>
-#include <linux/virtio_net.h>
-#include <linux/virtio_ring.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <rte_atomic.h>
-#include <rte_cycles.h>
-#include <rte_ethdev.h>
-#include <rte_log.h>
-#include <rte_string_fns.h>
-#include <rte_pause.h>
-
-#include "main.h"
-#include "virtio-net.h"
-#include "xen_vhost.h"
-
-#define MAX_QUEUES 128
-
-/* the maximum number of external ports supported */
-#define MAX_SUP_PORTS 1
-
-/*
- * Calculate the number of buffers needed per port
- */
-#define NUM_MBUFS_PER_PORT ((MAX_QUEUES*RTE_TEST_RX_DESC_DEFAULT) +		\
-							(num_switching_cores*MAX_PKT_BURST) +  			\
-							(num_switching_cores*RTE_TEST_TX_DESC_DEFAULT) +\
-							(num_switching_cores*MBUF_CACHE_SIZE))
-
-#define MBUF_CACHE_SIZE 64
-
-/*
- * RX and TX Prefetch, Host, and Write-back threshold values should be
- * carefully set for optimal performance. Consult the network
- * controller's datasheet and supporting DPDK documentation for guidance
- * on how these parameters should be set.
- */
-#define RX_PTHRESH 8 /* Default values of RX prefetch threshold reg. */
-#define RX_HTHRESH 8 /* Default values of RX host threshold reg. */
-#define RX_WTHRESH 4 /* Default values of RX write-back threshold reg. */
-
-/*
- * These default values are optimized for use with the Intel(R) 82599 10 GbE
- * Controller and the DPDK ixgbe PMD. Consider using other values for other
- * network controllers and/or network drivers.
- */
-#define TX_PTHRESH 36 /* Default values of TX prefetch threshold reg. */
-#define TX_HTHRESH 0  /* Default values of TX host threshold reg. */
-#define TX_WTHRESH 0  /* Default values of TX write-back threshold reg. */
-
-#define MAX_PKT_BURST 32		/* Max burst size for RX/TX */
-#define MAX_MRG_PKT_BURST 16	/* Max burst for merge buffers. Set to 1 due to performance issue. */
-#define BURST_TX_DRAIN_US 100	/* TX drain every ~100us */
-
-/* State of virtio device. */
-#define DEVICE_NOT_READY     0
-#define DEVICE_READY         1
-#define DEVICE_SAFE_REMOVE   2
-
-/* Config_core_flag status definitions. */
-#define REQUEST_DEV_REMOVAL 1
-#define ACK_DEV_REMOVAL 0
-
-/* Configurable number of RX/TX ring descriptors */
-#define RTE_TEST_RX_DESC_DEFAULT 128
-#define RTE_TEST_TX_DESC_DEFAULT 512
-
-#define INVALID_PORT_ID 0xFF
-
-/* Max number of devices. Limited by vmdq. */
-#define MAX_DEVICES 64
-
-/* Size of buffers used for snprintfs. */
-#define MAX_PRINT_BUFF 6072
-
-
-/* Maximum long option length for option parsing. */
-#define MAX_LONG_OPT_SZ 64
-
-/* Used to compare MAC addresses. */
-#define MAC_ADDR_CMP 0xFFFFFFFFFFFF
-
-/* mask of enabled ports */
-static uint32_t enabled_port_mask = 0;
-
-/*Number of switching cores enabled*/
-static uint32_t num_switching_cores = 0;
-
-/* number of devices/queues to support*/
-static uint32_t num_queues = 0;
-uint32_t num_devices = 0;
-
-/* Enable VM2VM communications. If this is disabled then the MAC address compare is skipped. */
-static uint32_t enable_vm2vm = 1;
-/* Enable stats. */
-static uint32_t enable_stats = 0;
-
-/* empty vmdq configuration structure. Filled in programatically */
-static const struct rte_eth_conf vmdq_conf_default = {
-	.rxmode = {
-		.mq_mode        = ETH_MQ_RX_VMDQ_ONLY,
-		.split_hdr_size = 0,
-		.header_split   = 0, /**< Header Split disabled */
-		.hw_ip_checksum = 0, /**< IP checksum offload disabled */
-		.hw_vlan_filter = 0, /**< VLAN filtering disabled */
-		/*
-		 * It is necessary for 1G NIC such as I350,
-		 * this fixes bug of ipv4 forwarding in guest can't
-		 * forward pakets from one virtio dev to another virtio dev.
-		 */
-		.hw_vlan_strip  = 1, /**< VLAN strip enabled. */
-		.jumbo_frame    = 0, /**< Jumbo Frame Support disabled */
-		.hw_strip_crc   = 1, /**< CRC stripped by hardware */
-	},
-
-	.txmode = {
-		.mq_mode = ETH_MQ_TX_NONE,
-	},
-	.rx_adv_conf = {
-		/*
-		 * should be overridden separately in code with
-		 * appropriate values
-		 */
-		.vmdq_rx_conf = {
-			.nb_queue_pools = ETH_8_POOLS,
-			.enable_default_pool = 0,
-			.default_pool = 0,
-			.nb_pool_maps = 0,
-			.pool_map = {{0, 0},},
-		},
-	},
-};
-
-static unsigned lcore_ids[RTE_MAX_LCORE];
-static uint8_t ports[RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS];
-static unsigned num_ports = 0; /**< The number of ports specified in command line */
-
-const uint16_t vlan_tags[] = {
-	1000, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007,
-	1008, 1009, 1010, 1011,	1012, 1013, 1014, 1015,
-	1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023,
-	1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031,
-	1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039,
-	1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047,
-	1048, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1053, 1054, 1055,
-	1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063,
-};
-
-/* ethernet addresses of ports */
-static struct ether_addr vmdq_ports_eth_addr[RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS];
-
-/* heads for the main used and free linked lists for the data path. */
-static struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_root_used = NULL;
-static struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_root_free = NULL;
-
-/* Array of data core structures containing information on individual core linked lists. */
-static struct lcore_info lcore_info[RTE_MAX_LCORE];
-
-/* Used for queueing bursts of TX packets. */
-struct mbuf_table {
-	unsigned len;
-	unsigned txq_id;
-	struct rte_mbuf *m_table[MAX_PKT_BURST];
-};
-
-/* TX queue for each data core. */
-struct mbuf_table lcore_tx_queue[RTE_MAX_LCORE];
-
-/* Vlan header struct used to insert vlan tags on TX. */
-struct vlan_ethhdr {
-	unsigned char   h_dest[ETH_ALEN];
-	unsigned char   h_source[ETH_ALEN];
-	__be16          h_vlan_proto;
-	__be16          h_vlan_TCI;
-	__be16          h_vlan_encapsulated_proto;
-};
-
-/* Header lengths. */
-#define VLAN_HLEN       4
-#define VLAN_ETH_HLEN   18
-
-/* Per-device statistics struct */
-struct device_statistics {
-	uint64_t tx_total;
-	rte_atomic64_t rx_total;
-	uint64_t tx;
-	rte_atomic64_t rx;
-} __rte_cache_aligned;
-struct device_statistics dev_statistics[MAX_DEVICES];
-
-/*
- * Builds up the correct configuration for VMDQ VLAN pool map
- * according to the pool & queue limits.
- */
-static inline int
-get_eth_conf(struct rte_eth_conf *eth_conf, uint32_t num_devices)
-{
-	struct rte_eth_vmdq_rx_conf conf;
-	unsigned i;
-
-	memset(&conf, 0, sizeof(conf));
-	conf.nb_queue_pools = (enum rte_eth_nb_pools)num_devices;
-	conf.nb_pool_maps = num_devices;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < conf.nb_pool_maps; i++) {
-		conf.pool_map[i].vlan_id = vlan_tags[ i ];
-		conf.pool_map[i].pools = (1UL << i);
-	}
-
-	(void)(rte_memcpy(eth_conf, &vmdq_conf_default, sizeof(*eth_conf)));
-	(void)(rte_memcpy(&eth_conf->rx_adv_conf.vmdq_rx_conf, &conf,
-		   sizeof(eth_conf->rx_adv_conf.vmdq_rx_conf)));
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Validate the device number according to the max pool number gotten form dev_info
- * If the device number is invalid, give the error message and return -1.
- * Each device must have its own pool.
- */
-static inline int
-validate_num_devices(uint32_t max_nb_devices)
-{
-	if (num_devices > max_nb_devices) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, VHOST_PORT, "invalid number of devices\n");
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Initialises a given port using global settings and with the rx buffers
- * coming from the mbuf_pool passed as parameter
- */
-static inline int
-port_init(uint8_t port, struct rte_mempool *mbuf_pool)
-{
-	struct rte_eth_dev_info dev_info;
-	struct rte_eth_rxconf *rxconf;
-	struct rte_eth_conf port_conf;
-	uint16_t rx_rings, tx_rings = (uint16_t)rte_lcore_count();
-	uint16_t rx_ring_size = RTE_TEST_RX_DESC_DEFAULT;
-	uint16_t tx_ring_size = RTE_TEST_TX_DESC_DEFAULT;
-	int retval;
-	uint16_t q;
-
-	/* The max pool number from dev_info will be used to validate the pool number specified in cmd line */
-	rte_eth_dev_info_get (port, &dev_info);
-
-	/*configure the number of supported virtio devices based on VMDQ limits */
-	num_devices = dev_info.max_vmdq_pools;
-	num_queues = dev_info.max_rx_queues;
-
-	retval = validate_num_devices(MAX_DEVICES);
-	if (retval < 0)
-		return retval;
-
-	/* Get port configuration. */
-	retval = get_eth_conf(&port_conf, num_devices);
-	if (retval < 0)
-		return retval;
-
-	if (port >= rte_eth_dev_count()) return -1;
-
-	rx_rings = (uint16_t)num_queues,
-	/* Configure ethernet device. */
-	retval = rte_eth_dev_configure(port, rx_rings, tx_rings, &port_conf);
-	if (retval != 0)
-		return retval;
-
-	retval = rte_eth_dev_adjust_nb_rx_tx_desc(port, &rx_ring_size,
-		&tx_ring_size);
-	if (retval != 0)
-		return retval;
-	if (rx_ring_size > RTE_TEST_RX_DESC_DEFAULT ||
-		tx_ring_size > RTE_TEST_TX_DESC_DEFAULT) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, VHOST_PORT, "Mbuf pool has an insufficient size for "
-			"port %u.\n", port);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	rte_eth_dev_info_get(port, &dev_info);
-	rxconf = &dev_info.default_rxconf;
-	rxconf->rx_drop_en = 1;
-	/* Setup the queues. */
-	for (q = 0; q < rx_rings; q ++) {
-		retval = rte_eth_rx_queue_setup(port, q, rx_ring_size,
-						rte_eth_dev_socket_id(port), rxconf,
-						mbuf_pool);
-		if (retval < 0)
-			return retval;
-	}
-	for (q = 0; q < tx_rings; q ++) {
-		retval = rte_eth_tx_queue_setup(port, q, tx_ring_size,
-						rte_eth_dev_socket_id(port),
-						NULL);
-		if (retval < 0)
-			return retval;
-	}
-
-	/* Start the device. */
-	retval  = rte_eth_dev_start(port);
-	if (retval < 0)
-		return retval;
-
-	rte_eth_macaddr_get(port, &vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port]);
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "Max virtio devices supported: %u\n", num_devices);
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "Port %u MAC: %02"PRIx8" %02"PRIx8" %02"PRIx8
-			" %02"PRIx8" %02"PRIx8" %02"PRIx8"\n",
-			(unsigned)port,
-			vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port].addr_bytes[0],
-			vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port].addr_bytes[1],
-			vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port].addr_bytes[2],
-			vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port].addr_bytes[3],
-			vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port].addr_bytes[4],
-			vmdq_ports_eth_addr[port].addr_bytes[5]);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Parse the portmask provided at run time.
- */
-static int
-parse_portmask(const char *portmask)
-{
-	char *end = NULL;
-	unsigned long pm;
-
-	errno = 0;
-
-	/* parse hexadecimal string */
-	pm = strtoul(portmask, &end, 16);
-	if ((portmask[0] == '\0') || (end == NULL) || (*end != '\0') || (errno != 0))
-		return -1;
-
-	if (pm == 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	return pm;
-
-}
-
-/*
- * Parse num options at run time.
- */
-static int
-parse_num_opt(const char *q_arg, uint32_t max_valid_value)
-{
-	char *end = NULL;
-	unsigned long num;
-
-	errno = 0;
-
-	/* parse unsigned int string */
-	num = strtoul(q_arg, &end, 10);
-	if ((q_arg[0] == '\0') || (end == NULL) || (*end != '\0') || (errno != 0))
-		return -1;
-
-	if (num > max_valid_value)
-		return -1;
-
-	return num;
-
-}
-
-/*
- * Display usage
- */
-static void
-us_vhost_usage(const char *prgname)
-{
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_CONFIG, "%s [EAL options] -- -p PORTMASK --vm2vm [0|1] --stats [0-N] --nb-devices ND\n"
-	"		-p PORTMASK: Set mask for ports to be used by application\n"
-	"		--vm2vm [0|1]: disable/enable(default) vm2vm comms\n"
-	"		--stats [0-N]: 0: Disable stats, N: Time in seconds to print stats\n",
-	       prgname);
-}
-
-/*
- * Parse the arguments given in the command line of the application.
- */
-static int
-us_vhost_parse_args(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	int opt, ret;
-	int option_index;
-	unsigned i;
-	const char *prgname = argv[0];
-	static struct option long_option[] = {
-		{"vm2vm", required_argument, NULL, 0},
-		{"stats", required_argument, NULL, 0},
-		{NULL, 0, 0, 0}
-	};
-
-	/* Parse command line */
-	while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "p:",long_option, &option_index)) != EOF) {
-		switch (opt) {
-		/* Portmask */
-		case 'p':
-			enabled_port_mask = parse_portmask(optarg);
-			if (enabled_port_mask == 0) {
-				RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_CONFIG, "Invalid portmask\n");
-				us_vhost_usage(prgname);
-				return -1;
-			}
-			break;
-
-		case 0:
-			/* Enable/disable vm2vm comms. */
-			if (!strncmp(long_option[option_index].name, "vm2vm", MAX_LONG_OPT_SZ)) {
-				ret = parse_num_opt(optarg, 1);
-				if (ret == -1) {
-					RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_CONFIG, "Invalid argument for vm2vm [0|1]\n");
-					us_vhost_usage(prgname);
-					return -1;
-				} else {
-					enable_vm2vm = ret;
-				}
-			}
-
-			/* Enable/disable stats. */
-			if (!strncmp(long_option[option_index].name, "stats", MAX_LONG_OPT_SZ)) {
-				ret = parse_num_opt(optarg, INT32_MAX);
-				if (ret == -1) {
-					RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_CONFIG, "Invalid argument for stats [0..N]\n");
-					us_vhost_usage(prgname);
-					return -1;
-				} else {
-					enable_stats = ret;
-				}
-			}
-			break;
-
-			/* Invalid option - print options. */
-		default:
-			us_vhost_usage(prgname);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS; i++) {
-		if (enabled_port_mask & (1 << i))
-			ports[num_ports++] = (uint8_t)i;
-	}
-
-	if ((num_ports ==  0) || (num_ports > MAX_SUP_PORTS)) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "Current enabled port number is %u,"
-			"but only %u port can be enabled\n",num_ports, MAX_SUP_PORTS);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Update the global var NUM_PORTS and array PORTS according to system ports number
- * and return valid ports number
- */
-static unsigned check_ports_num(unsigned nb_ports)
-{
-	unsigned valid_num_ports = num_ports;
-	unsigned portid;
-
-	if (num_ports > nb_ports) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "\nSpecified port number(%u) exceeds total system port number(%u)\n",
-			num_ports, nb_ports);
-		num_ports = nb_ports;
-	}
-
-	for (portid = 0; portid < num_ports; portid ++) {
-		if (ports[portid] >= nb_ports) {
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "\nSpecified port ID(%u) exceeds max system port ID(%u)\n",
-				ports[portid], (nb_ports - 1));
-			ports[portid] = INVALID_PORT_ID;
-			valid_num_ports--;
-		}
-	}
-	return valid_num_ports;
-}
-
-/*
- * Function to convert guest physical addresses to vhost virtual addresses. This
- * is used to convert virtio buffer addresses.
- */
-static __rte_always_inline uint64_t
-gpa_to_vva(struct virtio_net *dev, uint64_t guest_pa)
-{
-	struct virtio_memory_regions *region;
-	uint32_t regionidx;
-	uint64_t vhost_va = 0;
-
-	for (regionidx = 0; regionidx < dev->mem->nregions; regionidx++) {
-		region = &dev->mem->regions[regionidx];
-		if ((guest_pa >= region->guest_phys_address) &&
-			(guest_pa <= region->guest_phys_address_end)) {
-			vhost_va = region->address_offset + guest_pa;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") GPA %p| VVA %p\n",
-		dev->device_fh, (void*)(uintptr_t)guest_pa, (void*)(uintptr_t)vhost_va);
-
-	return vhost_va;
-}
-
-/*
- * This function adds buffers to the virtio devices RX virtqueue. Buffers can
- * be received from the physical port or from another virtio device. A packet
- * count is returned to indicate the number of packets that were successfully
- * added to the RX queue.
- */
-static __rte_always_inline uint32_t
-virtio_dev_rx(struct virtio_net *dev, struct rte_mbuf **pkts, uint32_t count)
-{
-	struct vhost_virtqueue *vq;
-	struct vring_desc *desc;
-	struct rte_mbuf *buff;
-	/* The virtio_hdr is initialised to 0. */
-	struct virtio_net_hdr_mrg_rxbuf virtio_hdr = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},0};
-	uint64_t buff_addr = 0;
-	uint64_t buff_hdr_addr = 0;
-	uint32_t head[MAX_PKT_BURST], packet_len = 0;
-	uint32_t head_idx, packet_success = 0;
-	uint16_t avail_idx, res_cur_idx;
-	uint16_t res_base_idx, res_end_idx;
-	uint16_t free_entries;
-	uint8_t success = 0;
-	void *userdata;
-
-	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") virtio_dev_rx()\n", dev->device_fh);
-	vq = dev->virtqueue_rx;
-	count = (count > MAX_PKT_BURST) ? MAX_PKT_BURST : count;
-	/* As many data cores may want access to available buffers, they need to be reserved. */
-	do {
-
-		res_base_idx = vq->last_used_idx_res;
-
-		avail_idx = *((volatile uint16_t *)&vq->avail->idx);
-
-		free_entries = (avail_idx - res_base_idx);
-
-		/*check that we have enough buffers*/
-		if (unlikely(count > free_entries))
-			count = free_entries;
-
-		if (count == 0)
-			return 0;
-
-		res_end_idx = res_base_idx + count;
-		/* vq->last_used_idx_res is atomically updated. */
-		success = rte_atomic16_cmpset(&vq->last_used_idx_res, res_base_idx,
-									res_end_idx);
-	} while (unlikely(success == 0));
-	res_cur_idx = res_base_idx;
-	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") Current Index %d| End Index %d\n",
-		dev->device_fh, res_cur_idx, res_end_idx);
-
-	/* Prefetch available ring to retrieve indexes. */
-	rte_prefetch0(&vq->avail->ring[res_cur_idx & (vq->size - 1)]);
-
-	/* Retrieve all of the head indexes first to avoid caching issues. */
-	for (head_idx = 0; head_idx < count; head_idx++)
-		head[head_idx] = vq->avail->ring[(res_cur_idx + head_idx) & (vq->size - 1)];
-
-	/*Prefetch descriptor index. */
-	rte_prefetch0(&vq->desc[head[packet_success]]);
-
-	while (res_cur_idx != res_end_idx) {
-		/* Get descriptor from available ring */
-		desc = &vq->desc[head[packet_success]];
-		/* Prefetch descriptor address. */
-		rte_prefetch0(desc);
-
-		buff = pkts[packet_success];
-
-		/* Convert from gpa to vva (guest physical addr -> vhost virtual addr) */
-		buff_addr = gpa_to_vva(dev, desc->addr);
-		/* Prefetch buffer address. */
-		rte_prefetch0((void*)(uintptr_t)buff_addr);
-
-		{
-			/* Copy virtio_hdr to packet and increment buffer address */
-			buff_hdr_addr = buff_addr;
-			packet_len = rte_pktmbuf_data_len(buff) + vq->vhost_hlen;
-
-			/*
-			 * If the descriptors are chained the header and data are placed in
-			 * separate buffers.
-			 */
-			if (desc->flags & VRING_DESC_F_NEXT) {
-				desc->len = vq->vhost_hlen;
-				desc = &vq->desc[desc->next];
-				/* Buffer address translation. */
-				buff_addr = gpa_to_vva(dev, desc->addr);
-				desc->len = rte_pktmbuf_data_len(buff);
-			} else {
-				buff_addr += vq->vhost_hlen;
-				desc->len = packet_len;
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* Update used ring with desc information */
-		vq->used->ring[res_cur_idx & (vq->size - 1)].id = head[packet_success];
-		vq->used->ring[res_cur_idx & (vq->size - 1)].len = packet_len;
-
-		/* Copy mbuf data to buffer */
-		userdata = rte_pktmbuf_mtod(buff, void *);
-		rte_memcpy((void *)(uintptr_t)buff_addr, userdata, rte_pktmbuf_data_len(buff));
-
-		res_cur_idx++;
-		packet_success++;
-
-		/* mergeable is disabled then a header is required per buffer. */
-		rte_memcpy((void *)(uintptr_t)buff_hdr_addr, (const void *)&virtio_hdr, vq->vhost_hlen);
-		if (res_cur_idx < res_end_idx) {
-			/* Prefetch descriptor index. */
-			rte_prefetch0(&vq->desc[head[packet_success]]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	rte_compiler_barrier();
-
-	/* Wait until it's our turn to add our buffer to the used ring. */
-	while (unlikely(vq->last_used_idx != res_base_idx))
-		rte_pause();
-
-	*(volatile uint16_t *)&vq->used->idx += count;
-
-	vq->last_used_idx = res_end_idx;
-
-	return count;
-}
-
-/*
- * Compares a packet destination MAC address to a device MAC address.
- */
-static __rte_always_inline int
-ether_addr_cmp(struct ether_addr *ea, struct ether_addr *eb)
-{
-	return ((*(uint64_t *)ea ^ *(uint64_t *)eb) & MAC_ADDR_CMP) == 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * This function registers mac along with a
- * vlan tag to a VMDQ.
- */
-static int
-link_vmdq(struct virtio_net *dev)
-{
-	int ret;
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *dev_ll;
-
-	dev_ll = ll_root_used;
-
-	while (dev_ll != NULL) {
-		if ((dev != dev_ll->dev) && ether_addr_cmp(&dev->mac_address, &dev_ll->dev->mac_address)) {
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "(%"PRIu64") WARNING: This device is using an existing MAC address and has not been registered.\n", dev->device_fh);
-			return -1;
-		}
-		dev_ll = dev_ll->next;
-	}
-
-	/* vlan_tag currently uses the device_id. */
-	dev->vlan_tag = vlan_tags[dev->device_fh];
-	dev->vmdq_rx_q = dev->device_fh * (num_queues/num_devices);
-
-	/* Print out VMDQ registration info. */
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "(%"PRIu64") MAC_ADDRESS %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x and VLAN_TAG %d registered\n",
-		dev->device_fh,
-		dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[0], dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[1],
-		dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[2], dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[3],
-		dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[4], dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[5],
-		dev->vlan_tag);
-
-	/* Register the MAC address. */
-	ret = rte_eth_dev_mac_addr_add(ports[0], &dev->mac_address, (uint32_t)dev->device_fh);
-	if (ret) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, VHOST_DATA, "(%"PRIu64") Failed to add device MAC address to VMDQ\n",
-										dev->device_fh);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	/* Enable stripping of the vlan tag as we handle routing. */
-	rte_eth_dev_set_vlan_strip_on_queue(ports[0], dev->vmdq_rx_q, 1);
-
-	rte_compiler_barrier();
-	/* Set device as ready for RX. */
-	dev->ready = DEVICE_READY;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Removes MAC address and vlan tag from VMDQ. Ensures that nothing is adding buffers to the RX
- * queue before disabling RX on the device.
- */
-static inline void
-unlink_vmdq(struct virtio_net *dev)
-{
-	unsigned i = 0;
-	unsigned rx_count;
-	struct rte_mbuf *pkts_burst[MAX_PKT_BURST];
-
-	if (dev->ready == DEVICE_READY) {
-		/*clear MAC and VLAN settings*/
-		rte_eth_dev_mac_addr_remove(ports[0], &dev->mac_address);
-		for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
-			dev->mac_address.addr_bytes[i] = 0;
-
-		dev->vlan_tag = 0;
-
-		/*Clear out the receive buffers*/
-		rx_count = rte_eth_rx_burst(ports[0],
-					(uint16_t)dev->vmdq_rx_q, pkts_burst, MAX_PKT_BURST);
-
-		while (rx_count) {
-			for (i = 0; i < rx_count; i++)
-				rte_pktmbuf_free(pkts_burst[i]);
-
-			rx_count = rte_eth_rx_burst(ports[0],
-					(uint16_t)dev->vmdq_rx_q, pkts_burst, MAX_PKT_BURST);
-		}
-
-		dev->ready = DEVICE_NOT_READY;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Check if the packet destination MAC address is for a local device. If so then put
- * the packet on that devices RX queue. If not then return.
- */
-static __rte_always_inline unsigned
-virtio_tx_local(struct virtio_net *dev, struct rte_mbuf *m)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *dev_ll;
-	struct ether_hdr *pkt_hdr;
-	uint64_t ret = 0;
-
-	pkt_hdr = rte_pktmbuf_mtod(m, struct ether_hdr *);
-
-	/*get the used devices list*/
-	dev_ll = ll_root_used;
-
-	while (dev_ll != NULL) {
-		if (likely(dev_ll->dev->ready == DEVICE_READY) && ether_addr_cmp(&(pkt_hdr->d_addr),
-				          &dev_ll->dev->mac_address)) {
-
-			/* Drop the packet if the TX packet is destined for the TX device. */
-			if (dev_ll->dev->device_fh == dev->device_fh) {
-				RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") TX: "
-					"Source and destination MAC addresses are the same. "
-					"Dropping packet.\n",
-					dev_ll->dev->device_fh);
-				return 0;
-			}
-
-
-			RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") TX: "
-				"MAC address is local\n", dev_ll->dev->device_fh);
-
-			if (dev_ll->dev->remove) {
-				/*drop the packet if the device is marked for removal*/
-				RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") "
-					"Device is marked for removal\n",
-					dev_ll->dev->device_fh);
-			} else {
-				/*send the packet to the local virtio device*/
-				ret = virtio_dev_rx(dev_ll->dev, &m, 1);
-				if (enable_stats) {
-					rte_atomic64_add(&dev_statistics[dev_ll->dev->device_fh].rx_total, 1);
-					rte_atomic64_add(&dev_statistics[dev_ll->dev->device_fh].rx, ret);
-					dev_statistics[dev->device_fh].tx_total++;
-					dev_statistics[dev->device_fh].tx += ret;
-				}
-			}
-
-			return 0;
-		}
-		dev_ll = dev_ll->next;
-	}
-
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- * This function routes the TX packet to the correct interface. This may be a local device
- * or the physical port.
- */
-static __rte_always_inline void
-virtio_tx_route(struct virtio_net* dev, struct rte_mbuf *m, struct rte_mempool *mbuf_pool, uint16_t vlan_tag)
-{
-	struct mbuf_table *tx_q;
-	struct vlan_ethhdr *vlan_hdr;
-	struct rte_mbuf **m_table;
-	struct rte_mbuf *mbuf;
-	unsigned len, ret;
-	const uint16_t lcore_id = rte_lcore_id();
-
-	/*check if destination is local VM*/
-	if (enable_vm2vm && (virtio_tx_local(dev, m) == 0)) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") TX: "
-		"MAC address is external\n", dev->device_fh);
-
-	/*Add packet to the port tx queue*/
-	tx_q = &lcore_tx_queue[lcore_id];
-	len = tx_q->len;
-
-	/* Allocate an mbuf and populate the structure. */
-	mbuf = rte_pktmbuf_alloc(mbuf_pool);
-	if(!mbuf)
-		return;
-
-	mbuf->data_len = m->data_len + VLAN_HLEN;
-	mbuf->pkt_len = mbuf->data_len;
-
-	/* Copy ethernet header to mbuf. */
-	rte_memcpy(rte_pktmbuf_mtod(mbuf, void*),
-			rte_pktmbuf_mtod(m, const void*), ETH_HLEN);
-
-
-	/* Setup vlan header. Bytes need to be re-ordered for network with htons()*/
-	vlan_hdr = rte_pktmbuf_mtod(mbuf, struct vlan_ethhdr *);
-	vlan_hdr->h_vlan_encapsulated_proto = vlan_hdr->h_vlan_proto;
-	vlan_hdr->h_vlan_proto = htons(ETH_P_8021Q);
-	vlan_hdr->h_vlan_TCI = htons(vlan_tag);
-
-	/* Copy the remaining packet contents to the mbuf. */
-	rte_memcpy(rte_pktmbuf_mtod_offset(mbuf, void *, VLAN_ETH_HLEN),
-		rte_pktmbuf_mtod_offset(m, const void *, ETH_HLEN),
-		(m->data_len - ETH_HLEN));
-	tx_q->m_table[len] = mbuf;
-	len++;
-	if (enable_stats) {
-		dev_statistics[dev->device_fh].tx_total++;
-		dev_statistics[dev->device_fh].tx++;
-	}
-
-	if (unlikely(len == MAX_PKT_BURST)) {
-		m_table = (struct rte_mbuf **)tx_q->m_table;
-		ret = rte_eth_tx_burst(ports[0], (uint16_t)tx_q->txq_id, m_table, (uint16_t) len);
-		/* Free any buffers not handled by TX and update the port stats. */
-		if (unlikely(ret < len)) {
-			do {
-				rte_pktmbuf_free(m_table[ret]);
-			} while (++ret < len);
-		}
-
-		len = 0;
-	}
-
-	tx_q->len = len;
-	return;
-}
-
-static __rte_always_inline void
-virtio_dev_tx(struct virtio_net* dev, struct rte_mempool *mbuf_pool)
-{
-	struct rte_mbuf m;
-	struct vhost_virtqueue *vq;
-	struct vring_desc *desc;
-	uint64_t buff_addr = 0;
-	uint32_t head[MAX_PKT_BURST];
-	uint32_t used_idx;
-	uint32_t i;
-	uint16_t free_entries, packet_success = 0;
-	uint16_t avail_idx;
-
-	vq = dev->virtqueue_tx;
-	avail_idx = *((volatile uint16_t *)&vq->avail->idx);
-
-	/* If there are no available buffers then return. */
-	if (vq->last_used_idx == avail_idx)
-		return;
-
-	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") virtio_dev_tx()\n",
-		dev->device_fh);
-
-	/* Prefetch available ring to retrieve head indexes. */
-	rte_prefetch0(&vq->avail->ring[vq->last_used_idx & (vq->size - 1)]);
-
-	/*get the number of free entries in the ring*/
-	free_entries = avail_idx - vq->last_used_idx;
-	free_entries = unlikely(free_entries < MAX_PKT_BURST) ? free_entries : MAX_PKT_BURST;
-
-	RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA, "(%" PRIu64 ") Buffers available %d\n",
-		dev->device_fh, free_entries);
-	/* Retrieve all of the head indexes first to avoid caching issues. */
-	for (i = 0; i < free_entries; i++)
-		head[i] = vq->avail->ring[(vq->last_used_idx + i) & (vq->size - 1)];
-
-	/* Prefetch descriptor index. */
-	rte_prefetch0(&vq->desc[head[packet_success]]);
-
-	while (packet_success < free_entries) {
-		desc = &vq->desc[head[packet_success]];
-		/* Prefetch descriptor address. */
-		rte_prefetch0(desc);
-
-		if (packet_success < (free_entries - 1)) {
-			/* Prefetch descriptor index. */
-			rte_prefetch0(&vq->desc[head[packet_success+1]]);
-		}
-
-		/* Update used index buffer information. */
-		used_idx = vq->last_used_idx & (vq->size - 1);
-		vq->used->ring[used_idx].id = head[packet_success];
-		vq->used->ring[used_idx].len = 0;
-
-		/* Discard first buffer as it is the virtio header */
-		desc = &vq->desc[desc->next];
-
-		/* Buffer address translation. */
-		buff_addr = gpa_to_vva(dev, desc->addr);
-		/* Prefetch buffer address. */
-		rte_prefetch0((void*)(uintptr_t)buff_addr);
-
-		/* Setup dummy mbuf. This is copied to a real mbuf if transmitted out the physical port. */
-		m.data_len = desc->len;
-		m.data_off = 0;
-		m.nb_segs = 1;
-
-		virtio_tx_route(dev, &m, mbuf_pool, 0);
-
-		vq->last_used_idx++;
-		packet_success++;
-	}
-
-	rte_compiler_barrier();
-	vq->used->idx += packet_success;
-	/* Kick guest if required. */
-}
-
-/*
- * This function is called by each data core. It handles all RX/TX registered with the
- * core. For TX the specific lcore linked list is used. For RX, MAC addresses are compared
- * with all devices in the main linked list.
- */
-static int
-switch_worker(__attribute__((unused)) void *arg)
-{
-	struct rte_mempool *mbuf_pool = arg;
-	struct virtio_net *dev = NULL;
-	struct rte_mbuf *pkts_burst[MAX_PKT_BURST];
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *dev_ll;
-	struct mbuf_table *tx_q;
-	volatile struct lcore_ll_info *lcore_ll;
-	const uint64_t drain_tsc = (rte_get_tsc_hz() + US_PER_S - 1) / US_PER_S * BURST_TX_DRAIN_US;
-	uint64_t prev_tsc, diff_tsc, cur_tsc, ret_count = 0;
-	unsigned ret, i;
-	const uint16_t lcore_id = rte_lcore_id();
-	const uint16_t num_cores = (uint16_t)rte_lcore_count();
-	uint16_t rx_count = 0;
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "Procesing on Core %u started \n", lcore_id);
-	lcore_ll = lcore_info[lcore_id].lcore_ll;
-	prev_tsc = 0;
-
-	tx_q = &lcore_tx_queue[lcore_id];
-	for (i = 0; i < num_cores; i ++) {
-		if (lcore_ids[i] == lcore_id) {
-			tx_q->txq_id = i;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	while(1) {
-		cur_tsc = rte_rdtsc();
-		/*
-		 * TX burst queue drain
-		 */
-		diff_tsc = cur_tsc - prev_tsc;
-		if (unlikely(diff_tsc > drain_tsc)) {
-
-			if (tx_q->len) {
-				RTE_LOG_DP(DEBUG, VHOST_DATA,
-					"TX queue drained after timeout with burst size %u\n",
-					tx_q->len);
-
-				/*Tx any packets in the queue*/
-				ret = rte_eth_tx_burst(ports[0], (uint16_t)tx_q->txq_id,
-									   (struct rte_mbuf **)tx_q->m_table,
-									   (uint16_t)tx_q->len);
-				if (unlikely(ret < tx_q->len)) {
-					do {
-						rte_pktmbuf_free(tx_q->m_table[ret]);
-					} while (++ret < tx_q->len);
-				}
-
-				tx_q->len = 0;
-			}
-
-			prev_tsc = cur_tsc;
-
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Inform the configuration core that we have exited the linked list and that no devices are
-		 * in use if requested.
-		 */
-		if (lcore_ll->dev_removal_flag == REQUEST_DEV_REMOVAL)
-			lcore_ll->dev_removal_flag = ACK_DEV_REMOVAL;
-
-		/*
-		 * Process devices
-	 	 */
-		dev_ll = lcore_ll->ll_root_used;
-
-		while (dev_ll != NULL) {
-			/*get virtio device ID*/
-			dev = dev_ll->dev;
-
-			if (unlikely(dev->remove)) {
-				dev_ll = dev_ll->next;
-				unlink_vmdq(dev);
-				dev->ready = DEVICE_SAFE_REMOVE;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (likely(dev->ready == DEVICE_READY)) {
-				/*Handle guest RX*/
-				rx_count = rte_eth_rx_burst(ports[0],
-					(uint16_t)dev->vmdq_rx_q, pkts_burst, MAX_PKT_BURST);
-
-				if (rx_count) {
-					ret_count = virtio_dev_rx(dev, pkts_burst, rx_count);
-					if (enable_stats) {
-						rte_atomic64_add(&dev_statistics[dev_ll->dev->device_fh].rx_total, rx_count);
-						rte_atomic64_add(&dev_statistics[dev_ll->dev->device_fh].rx, ret_count);
-					}
-					while (likely(rx_count)) {
-						rx_count--;
-						rte_pktmbuf_free_seg(pkts_burst[rx_count]);
-					}
-
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (likely(!dev->remove))
-				/*Handle guest TX*/
-				virtio_dev_tx(dev, mbuf_pool);
-
-			/*move to the next device in the list*/
-			dev_ll = dev_ll->next;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Add an entry to a used linked list. A free entry must first be found in the free linked list
- * using get_data_ll_free_entry();
- */
-static void
-add_data_ll_entry(struct virtio_net_data_ll **ll_root_addr, struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_dev)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll = *ll_root_addr;
-
-	/* Set next as NULL and use a compiler barrier to avoid reordering. */
-	ll_dev->next = NULL;
-	rte_compiler_barrier();
-
-	/* If ll == NULL then this is the first device. */
-	if (ll) {
-		/* Increment to the tail of the linked list. */
-		while ((ll->next != NULL) )
-			ll = ll->next;
-
-		ll->next = ll_dev;
-	} else {
-		*ll_root_addr = ll_dev;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Remove an entry from a used linked list. The entry must then be added to the free linked list
- * using put_data_ll_free_entry().
- */
-static void
-rm_data_ll_entry(struct virtio_net_data_ll **ll_root_addr, struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_dev, struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_dev_last)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll = *ll_root_addr;
-
-	if (ll_dev == ll)
-		*ll_root_addr = ll_dev->next;
-	else
-		ll_dev_last->next = ll_dev->next;
-}
-
-/*
- * Find and return an entry from the free linked list.
- */
-static struct virtio_net_data_ll *
-get_data_ll_free_entry(struct virtio_net_data_ll **ll_root_addr)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_free = *ll_root_addr;
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_dev;
-
-	if (ll_free == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	ll_dev = ll_free;
-	*ll_root_addr = ll_free->next;
-
-	return ll_dev;
-}
-
-/*
- * Place an entry back on to the free linked list.
- */
-static void
-put_data_ll_free_entry(struct virtio_net_data_ll **ll_root_addr, struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_dev)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_free = *ll_root_addr;
-
-	ll_dev->next = ll_free;
-	*ll_root_addr = ll_dev;
-}
-
-/*
- * Creates a linked list of a given size.
- */
-static struct virtio_net_data_ll *
-alloc_data_ll(uint32_t size)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_new;
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	/* Malloc and then chain the linked list. */
-	ll_new = malloc(size * sizeof(struct virtio_net_data_ll));
-	if (ll_new == NULL) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, VHOST_CONFIG, "Failed to allocate memory for ll_new.\n");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
-		ll_new[i].dev = NULL;
-		ll_new[i].next = &ll_new[i+1];
-	}
-	ll_new[i].next = NULL;
-
-	return ll_new;
-}
-
-/*
- * Create the main linked list along with each individual cores linked list. A used and a free list
- * are created to manage entries.
- */
-static int
-init_data_ll (void)
-{
-	int lcore;
-
-	RTE_LCORE_FOREACH_SLAVE(lcore) {
-		lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll = malloc(sizeof(struct lcore_ll_info));
-		if (lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll == NULL) {
-			RTE_LOG(ERR, VHOST_CONFIG, "Failed to allocate memory for lcore_ll.\n");
-			return -1;
-		}
-
-		lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->device_num = 0;
-		lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->dev_removal_flag = ACK_DEV_REMOVAL;
-		lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->ll_root_used = NULL;
-		if (num_devices % num_switching_cores)
-			lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->ll_root_free = alloc_data_ll((num_devices / num_switching_cores) + 1);
-		else
-			lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->ll_root_free = alloc_data_ll(num_devices / num_switching_cores);
-	}
-
-	/* Allocate devices up to a maximum of MAX_DEVICES. */
-	ll_root_free = alloc_data_ll(MIN((num_devices), MAX_DEVICES));
-
-	return 0;
-}
-/*
- * Remove a device from the specific data core linked list and from the main linked list. The
- * rx/tx thread must be set the flag to indicate that it is safe to remove the device.
- * used.
- */
-static void
-destroy_device (volatile struct virtio_net *dev)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_lcore_dev_cur;
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_main_dev_cur;
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_lcore_dev_last = NULL;
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_main_dev_last = NULL;
-	int lcore;
-
-	dev->flags &= ~VIRTIO_DEV_RUNNING;
-
-	/*set the remove flag. */
-	dev->remove = 1;
-
-	while(dev->ready != DEVICE_SAFE_REMOVE) {
-		rte_pause();
-	}
-
-	/* Search for entry to be removed from lcore ll */
-	ll_lcore_dev_cur = lcore_info[dev->coreid].lcore_ll->ll_root_used;
-	while (ll_lcore_dev_cur != NULL) {
-		if (ll_lcore_dev_cur->dev == dev) {
-			break;
-		} else {
-			ll_lcore_dev_last = ll_lcore_dev_cur;
-			ll_lcore_dev_cur = ll_lcore_dev_cur->next;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Search for entry to be removed from main ll */
-	ll_main_dev_cur = ll_root_used;
-	ll_main_dev_last = NULL;
-	while (ll_main_dev_cur != NULL) {
-		if (ll_main_dev_cur->dev == dev) {
-			break;
-		} else {
-			ll_main_dev_last = ll_main_dev_cur;
-			ll_main_dev_cur = ll_main_dev_cur->next;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (ll_lcore_dev_cur == NULL || ll_main_dev_cur == NULL) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "%s: could find device in per_cpu list or main_list\n", __func__);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* Remove entries from the lcore and main ll. */
-	rm_data_ll_entry(&lcore_info[ll_lcore_dev_cur->dev->coreid].lcore_ll->ll_root_used, ll_lcore_dev_cur, ll_lcore_dev_last);
-	rm_data_ll_entry(&ll_root_used, ll_main_dev_cur, ll_main_dev_last);
-
-	/* Set the dev_removal_flag on each lcore. */
-	RTE_LCORE_FOREACH_SLAVE(lcore) {
-		lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->dev_removal_flag = REQUEST_DEV_REMOVAL;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Once each core has set the dev_removal_flag to ACK_DEV_REMOVAL we can be sure that
-	 * they can no longer access the device removed from the linked lists and that the devices
-	 * are no longer in use.
-	 */
-	RTE_LCORE_FOREACH_SLAVE(lcore) {
-		while (lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->dev_removal_flag != ACK_DEV_REMOVAL) {
-			rte_pause();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* Add the entries back to the lcore and main free ll.*/
-	put_data_ll_free_entry(&lcore_info[ll_lcore_dev_cur->dev->coreid].lcore_ll->ll_root_free, ll_lcore_dev_cur);
-	put_data_ll_free_entry(&ll_root_free, ll_main_dev_cur);
-
-	/* Decrement number of device on the lcore. */
-	lcore_info[ll_lcore_dev_cur->dev->coreid].lcore_ll->device_num--;
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "  #####(%"PRIu64") Device has been removed from data core\n", dev->device_fh);
-}
-
-/*
- * A new device is added to a data core. First the device is added to the main linked list
- * and the allocated to a specific data core.
- */
-static int
-new_device (struct virtio_net *dev)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *ll_dev;
-	int lcore, core_add = 0;
-	uint32_t device_num_min = num_devices;
-
-	/* Add device to main ll */
-	ll_dev = get_data_ll_free_entry(&ll_root_free);
-	if (ll_dev == NULL) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "(%"PRIu64") No free entry found in linked list. Device limit "
-			"of %d devices per core has been reached\n",
-			dev->device_fh, num_devices);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	ll_dev->dev = dev;
-	add_data_ll_entry(&ll_root_used, ll_dev);
-
-	/*reset ready flag*/
-	dev->ready = DEVICE_NOT_READY;
-	dev->remove = 0;
-
-	/* Find a suitable lcore to add the device. */
-	RTE_LCORE_FOREACH_SLAVE(lcore) {
-		if (lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->device_num < device_num_min) {
-			device_num_min = lcore_info[lcore].lcore_ll->device_num;
-			core_add = lcore;
-		}
-	}
-	/* Add device to lcore ll */
-	ll_dev->dev->coreid = core_add;
-	ll_dev = get_data_ll_free_entry(&lcore_info[ll_dev->dev->coreid].lcore_ll->ll_root_free);
-	if (ll_dev == NULL) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "(%"PRIu64") Failed to add device to data core\n", dev->device_fh);
-		destroy_device(dev);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	ll_dev->dev = dev;
-	add_data_ll_entry(&lcore_info[ll_dev->dev->coreid].lcore_ll->ll_root_used, ll_dev);
-
-	/* Initialize device stats */
-	memset(&dev_statistics[dev->device_fh], 0, sizeof(struct device_statistics));
-
-	lcore_info[ll_dev->dev->coreid].lcore_ll->device_num++;
-	dev->flags |= VIRTIO_DEV_RUNNING;
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_DATA, "(%"PRIu64") Device has been added to data core %d\n", dev->device_fh, dev->coreid);
-
-	link_vmdq(dev);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * These callback allow devices to be added to the data core when configuration
- * has been fully complete.
- */
-static const struct virtio_net_device_ops virtio_net_device_ops =
-{
-	.new_device =  new_device,
-	.destroy_device = destroy_device,
-};
-
-/*
- * This is a thread will wake up after a period to print stats if the user has
- * enabled them.
- */
-static void
-print_stats(void)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll *dev_ll;
-	uint64_t tx_dropped, rx_dropped;
-	uint64_t tx, tx_total, rx, rx_total;
-	uint32_t device_fh;
-	const char clr[] = { 27, '[', '2', 'J', '\0' };
-	const char top_left[] = { 27, '[', '1', ';', '1', 'H','\0' };
-
-	while(1) {
-		sleep(enable_stats);
-
-		/* Clear screen and move to top left */
-		printf("%s%s", clr, top_left);
-
-		printf("\nDevice statistics ====================================");
-
-		dev_ll = ll_root_used;
-		while (dev_ll != NULL) {
-			device_fh = (uint32_t)dev_ll->dev->device_fh;
-			tx_total = dev_statistics[device_fh].tx_total;
-			tx = dev_statistics[device_fh].tx;
-			tx_dropped = tx_total - tx;
-			rx_total = rte_atomic64_read(&dev_statistics[device_fh].rx_total);
-			rx = rte_atomic64_read(&dev_statistics[device_fh].rx);
-			rx_dropped = rx_total - rx;
-
-			printf("\nStatistics for device %"PRIu32" ------------------------------"
-					"\nTX total: 		%"PRIu64""
-					"\nTX dropped: 		%"PRIu64""
-					"\nTX successful: 		%"PRIu64""
-					"\nRX total: 		%"PRIu64""
-					"\nRX dropped: 		%"PRIu64""
-					"\nRX successful: 		%"PRIu64"",
-					device_fh,
-					tx_total,
-					tx_dropped,
-					tx,
-					rx_total,
-					rx_dropped,
-					rx);
-
-			dev_ll = dev_ll->next;
-		}
-		printf("\n======================================================\n");
-	}
-}
-
-
-int init_virtio_net(struct virtio_net_device_ops const * const ops);
-
-/*
- * Main function, does initialisation and calls the per-lcore functions.
- */
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	struct rte_mempool *mbuf_pool;
-	unsigned lcore_id, core_id = 0;
-	unsigned nb_ports, valid_num_ports;
-	int ret;
-	uint8_t portid;
-	static pthread_t tid;
-	char thread_name[RTE_MAX_THREAD_NAME_LEN];
-
-	/* init EAL */
-	ret = rte_eal_init(argc, argv);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE, "Error with EAL initialization\n");
-	argc -= ret;
-	argv += ret;
-
-	/* parse app arguments */
-	ret = us_vhost_parse_args(argc, argv);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE, "Invalid argument\n");
-
-	for (lcore_id = 0; lcore_id < RTE_MAX_LCORE; lcore_id ++)
-		if (rte_lcore_is_enabled(lcore_id))
-			lcore_ids[core_id ++] = lcore_id;
-
-	if (rte_lcore_count() > RTE_MAX_LCORE)
-		rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE,"Not enough cores\n");
-
-	/*set the number of swithcing cores available*/
-	num_switching_cores = rte_lcore_count()-1;
-
-	/* Get the number of physical ports. */
-	nb_ports = rte_eth_dev_count();
-
-	/*
-	 * Update the global var NUM_PORTS and global array PORTS
-	 * and get value of var VALID_NUM_PORTS according to system ports number
-	 */
-	valid_num_ports = check_ports_num(nb_ports);
-
-	if ((valid_num_ports ==  0) || (valid_num_ports > MAX_SUP_PORTS)) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "Current enabled port number is %u,"
-			"but only %u port can be enabled\n",num_ports, MAX_SUP_PORTS);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	/* Create the mbuf pool. */
-	mbuf_pool = rte_pktmbuf_pool_create("MBUF_POOL",
-		NUM_MBUFS_PER_PORT * valid_num_ports, MBUF_CACHE_SIZE, 0,
-		RTE_MBUF_DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE, rte_socket_id());
-	if (mbuf_pool == NULL)
-		rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot create mbuf pool\n");
-
-	/* initialize all ports */
-	for (portid = 0; portid < nb_ports; portid++) {
-		/* skip ports that are not enabled */
-		if ((enabled_port_mask & (1 << portid)) == 0) {
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, VHOST_PORT, "Skipping disabled port %d\n", portid);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (port_init(portid, mbuf_pool) != 0)
-			rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE, "Cannot initialize network ports\n");
-	}
-
-	/* Initialise all linked lists. */
-	if (init_data_ll() == -1)
-		rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE, "Failed to initialize linked list\n");
-
-	/* Initialize device stats */
-	memset(&dev_statistics, 0, sizeof(dev_statistics));
-
-	/* Enable stats if the user option is set. */
-	if (enable_stats) {
-		ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, (void *)print_stats, NULL);
-		if (ret != 0)
-			rte_exit(EXIT_FAILURE,
-				"Cannot create print-stats thread\n");
-
-		/* Set thread_name for aid in debugging. */
-		snprintf(thread_name, RTE_MAX_THREAD_NAME_LEN, "print-xen-stats");
-		ret = rte_thread_setname(tid, thread_name);
-		if (ret != 0)
-			RTE_LOG(DEBUG, VHOST_CONFIG,
-				"Cannot set print-stats name\n");
-	}
-
-	/* Launch all data cores. */
-	RTE_LCORE_FOREACH_SLAVE(lcore_id) {
-		rte_eal_remote_launch(switch_worker, mbuf_pool, lcore_id);
-	}
-
-	init_virtio_xen(&virtio_net_device_ops);
-
-	virtio_monitor_loop();
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/main.h b/examples/vhost_xen/main.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ff48fd..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/main.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- *   BSD LICENSE
- *
- *   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *   All rights reserved.
- *
- *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- *   are met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *       distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
- *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef _MAIN_H_
-#define _MAIN_H_
-
-/* Macros for printing using RTE_LOG */
-#define RTE_LOGTYPE_VHOST_CONFIG RTE_LOGTYPE_USER1
-#define RTE_LOGTYPE_VHOST_DATA   RTE_LOGTYPE_USER2
-#define RTE_LOGTYPE_VHOST_PORT   RTE_LOGTYPE_USER3
-
-/*
- * Device linked list structure for data path.
- */
-struct virtio_net_data_ll
-{
-	struct virtio_net          *dev;   /* Pointer to device created by configuration core. */
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll  *next;  /* Pointer to next device in linked list. */
-};
-
-/*
- * Structure containing data core specific information.
- */
-struct lcore_ll_info
-{
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll    *ll_root_free; 	/* Pointer to head in free linked list. */
-	struct virtio_net_data_ll    *ll_root_used;	    /* Pointer to head of used linked list. */
-	uint32_t                      device_num;       /* Number of devices on lcore. */
-	volatile  uint8_t             dev_removal_flag; /* Flag to synchronize device removal. */
-};
-
-struct lcore_info
-{
-	struct lcore_ll_info	*lcore_ll;	/* Pointer to data core specific lcore_ll_info struct */
-};
-#endif /* _MAIN_H_ */
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/vhost_monitor.c b/examples/vhost_xen/vhost_monitor.c
deleted file mode 100644
index fb9606b..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/vhost_monitor.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,595 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- *   BSD LICENSE
- *
- *   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *   All rights reserved.
- *
- *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- *   are met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *       distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
- *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <xen/xen-compat.h>
-#if __XEN_LATEST_INTERFACE_VERSION__ < 0x00040200
-#include <xs.h>
-#else
-#include <xenstore.h>
-#endif
-#include <linux/virtio_ring.h>
-#include <linux/virtio_pci.h>
-#include <linux/virtio_net.h>
-
-#include <rte_ethdev.h>
-#include <rte_log.h>
-#include <rte_malloc.h>
-#include <rte_string_fns.h>
-
-#include "virtio-net.h"
-#include "xen_vhost.h"
-
-struct virtio_watch {
-	struct xs_handle *xs;
-	int watch_fd;
-};
-
-
-/* device ops to add/remove device to/from data core. */
-static struct virtio_net_device_ops const *notify_ops;
-
-/* root address of the linked list in the configuration core. */
-static struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_root = NULL;
-
-/* root address of VM. */
-static struct xen_guestlist guest_root;
-
-static struct virtio_watch watch;
-
-static void
-vq_vring_init(struct vhost_virtqueue *vq, unsigned int num, uint8_t *p,
-	unsigned long align)
-{
-	vq->size = num;
-	vq->desc = (struct vring_desc *) p;
-	vq->avail = (struct vring_avail *) (p +
-		num * sizeof(struct vring_desc));
-	vq->used = (void *)
-		RTE_ALIGN_CEIL( (uintptr_t)(&vq->avail->ring[num]), align);
-
-}
-
-static int
-init_watch(void)
-{
-	struct xs_handle *xs;
-	int ret;
-	int fd;
-
-	/* get a connection to the daemon */
-	xs = xs_daemon_open();
-	if (xs == NULL) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "xs_daemon_open failed\n");
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	ret = xs_watch(xs, "/local/domain", "mytoken");
-	if (ret == 0) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "%s: xs_watch failed\n", __func__);
-		xs_daemon_close(xs);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	/* We are notified of read availability on the watch via the file descriptor. */
-	fd = xs_fileno(xs);
-	watch.xs = xs;
-	watch.watch_fd = fd;
-
-	TAILQ_INIT(&guest_root);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct xen_guest *
-get_xen_guest(int dom_id)
-{
-	struct xen_guest *guest = NULL;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(guest, &guest_root, next) {
-		if(guest->dom_id == dom_id)
-			return guest;
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-
-static struct xen_guest *
-add_xen_guest(int32_t dom_id)
-{
-	struct xen_guest *guest = NULL;
-
-	if ((guest = get_xen_guest(dom_id)) != NULL)
-		return guest;
-
-	guest = calloc(1, sizeof(struct xen_guest));
-	if (guest) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: return newly created guest with %d rings\n", __func__, guest->vring_num);
-		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&guest_root, guest, next);
-		guest->dom_id = dom_id;
-	}
-
-	return guest;
-}
-
-static void
-cleanup_device(struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev)
-{
-	if (ll_dev == NULL)
-		return;
-	if (ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_rx) {
-		rte_free(ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_rx);
-		ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_rx = NULL;
-	}
-	if (ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_tx) {
-		rte_free(ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_tx);
-		ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_tx = NULL;
-	}
-	free(ll_dev);
-}
-
-/*
- * Add entry containing a device to the device configuration linked list.
- */
-static void
-add_config_ll_entry(struct virtio_net_config_ll *new_ll_dev)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev = ll_root;
-
-	/* If ll_dev == NULL then this is the first device so go to else */
-	if (ll_dev) {
-		/* If the 1st device_id != 0 then we insert our device here. */
-		if (ll_dev->dev.device_fh != 0)	{
-			new_ll_dev->dev.device_fh = 0;
-			new_ll_dev->next = ll_dev;
-			ll_root = new_ll_dev;
-		} else {
-			/* increment through the ll until we find un unused device_id,
-			 * insert the device at that entry
-			 */
-			while ((ll_dev->next != NULL) && (ll_dev->dev.device_fh == (ll_dev->next->dev.device_fh - 1)))
-				ll_dev = ll_dev->next;
-
-			new_ll_dev->dev.device_fh = ll_dev->dev.device_fh + 1;
-			new_ll_dev->next = ll_dev->next;
-			ll_dev->next = new_ll_dev;
-		}
-	} else {
-		ll_root = new_ll_dev;
-		ll_root->dev.device_fh = 0;
-	}
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Remove an entry from the device configuration linked list.
- */
-static struct virtio_net_config_ll *
-rm_config_ll_entry(struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev, struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev_last)
-{
-	/* First remove the device and then clean it up. */
-	if (ll_dev == ll_root) {
-		ll_root = ll_dev->next;
-		cleanup_device(ll_dev);
-		return ll_root;
-	} else {
-		ll_dev_last->next = ll_dev->next;
-		cleanup_device(ll_dev);
-		return ll_dev_last->next;
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Retrieves an entry from the devices configuration linked list.
- */
-static struct virtio_net_config_ll *
-get_config_ll_entry(unsigned int virtio_idx, unsigned int dom_id)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev = ll_root;
-
-	/* Loop through linked list until the dom_id is found. */
-	while (ll_dev != NULL) {
-		if (ll_dev->dev.dom_id == dom_id && ll_dev->dev.virtio_idx == virtio_idx)
-			return ll_dev;
-		ll_dev = ll_dev->next;
-	}
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Initialise all variables in device structure.
- */
-static void
-init_dev(struct virtio_net *dev)
-{
-	RTE_SET_USED(dev);
-}
-
-
-static struct
-virtio_net_config_ll *new_device(unsigned int virtio_idx, struct xen_guest *guest)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *new_ll_dev;
-	struct vhost_virtqueue *virtqueue_rx, *virtqueue_tx;
-	size_t size, vq_ring_size, vq_size = VQ_DESC_NUM;
-	void *vq_ring_virt_mem;
-	uint64_t gpa;
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	/* Setup device and virtqueues. */
-	new_ll_dev   = calloc(1, sizeof(struct virtio_net_config_ll));
-	virtqueue_rx = rte_zmalloc(NULL, sizeof(struct vhost_virtqueue), RTE_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
-	virtqueue_tx = rte_zmalloc(NULL, sizeof(struct vhost_virtqueue), RTE_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
-	if (new_ll_dev == NULL || virtqueue_rx == NULL || virtqueue_tx == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	new_ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_rx = virtqueue_rx;
-	new_ll_dev->dev.virtqueue_tx = virtqueue_tx;
-	new_ll_dev->dev.dom_id       = guest->dom_id;
-	new_ll_dev->dev.virtio_idx   = virtio_idx;
-	/* Initialise device and virtqueues. */
-	init_dev(&new_ll_dev->dev);
-
-	size = vring_size(vq_size, VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN);
-	vq_ring_size = RTE_ALIGN_CEIL(size, VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN);
-	(void)vq_ring_size;
-
-	vq_ring_virt_mem = guest->vring[virtio_idx].rxvring_addr;
-	vq_vring_init(virtqueue_rx, vq_size, vq_ring_virt_mem, VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN);
-	virtqueue_rx->size = vq_size;
-	virtqueue_rx->vhost_hlen = sizeof(struct virtio_net_hdr);
-
-	vq_ring_virt_mem = guest->vring[virtio_idx].txvring_addr;
-	vq_vring_init(virtqueue_tx, vq_size, vq_ring_virt_mem, VIRTIO_PCI_VRING_ALIGN);
-	virtqueue_tx->size = vq_size;
-	memcpy(&new_ll_dev->dev.mac_address, &guest->vring[virtio_idx].addr, sizeof(struct ether_addr));
-
-	/* virtio_memory has to be one per domid */
-	new_ll_dev->dev.mem = malloc(sizeof(struct virtio_memory) + sizeof(struct virtio_memory_regions) * MAX_XENVIRT_MEMPOOL);
-	new_ll_dev->dev.mem->nregions = guest->pool_num;
-	for (i = 0; i < guest->pool_num; i++) {
-		gpa = new_ll_dev->dev.mem->regions[i].guest_phys_address =
-				(uint64_t)((uintptr_t)guest->mempool[i].gva);
-		new_ll_dev->dev.mem->regions[i].guest_phys_address_end =
-				gpa + guest->mempool[i].mempfn_num * getpagesize();
-		new_ll_dev->dev.mem->regions[i].address_offset =
-				(uint64_t)((uintptr_t)guest->mempool[i].hva -
-					(uintptr_t)gpa);
-	}
-
-	new_ll_dev->next = NULL;
-
-	/* Add entry to device configuration linked list. */
-	add_config_ll_entry(new_ll_dev);
-	return new_ll_dev;
-err:
-	free(new_ll_dev);
-	rte_free(virtqueue_rx);
-	rte_free(virtqueue_tx);
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void
-destroy_guest(struct xen_guest *guest)
-{
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < guest->vring_num; i++)
-		cleanup_vring(&guest->vring[i]);
-	/* clean mempool */
-	for (i = 0; i < guest->pool_num; i++)
-		cleanup_mempool(&guest->mempool[i]);
-	free(guest);
-
-	return;
-}
-
-/*
- * This function will cleanup the device and remove it from device configuration linked list.
- */
-static void
-destroy_device(unsigned int virtio_idx, unsigned int dom_id)
-{
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev_cur_ctx, *ll_dev_last = NULL;
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *ll_dev_cur = ll_root;
-
-	/* clean virtio device */
-	struct xen_guest *guest = NULL;
-	guest = get_xen_guest(dom_id);
-	if (guest == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	/* Find the linked list entry for the device to be removed. */
-	ll_dev_cur_ctx = get_config_ll_entry(virtio_idx, dom_id);
-	while (ll_dev_cur != NULL) {
-		/* If the device is found or a device that doesn't exist is found then it is removed. */
-		if  (ll_dev_cur == ll_dev_cur_ctx) {
-			if ((ll_dev_cur->dev.flags & VIRTIO_DEV_RUNNING))
-				notify_ops->destroy_device(&(ll_dev_cur->dev));
-			ll_dev_cur = rm_config_ll_entry(ll_dev_cur, ll_dev_last);
-		} else {
-			ll_dev_last = ll_dev_cur;
-			ll_dev_cur = ll_dev_cur->next;
-		}
-	}
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s guest:%p vring:%p rxvring:%p txvring:%p flag:%p\n",
-		__func__, guest, &guest->vring[virtio_idx], guest->vring[virtio_idx].rxvring_addr, guest->vring[virtio_idx].txvring_addr, guest->vring[virtio_idx].flag);
-	cleanup_vring(&guest->vring[virtio_idx]);
-	guest->vring[virtio_idx].removed = 1;
-	guest->vring_num -= 1;
-}
-
-
-
-
-static void
-watch_unmap_event(void)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct xen_guest *guest  = NULL;
-	bool remove_request;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(guest, &guest_root, next) {
-		for (i = 0; i < MAX_VIRTIO; i++) {
-			if (guest->vring[i].dom_id && guest->vring[i].removed == 0 && *guest->vring[i].flag == 0) {
-				RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "\n\n");
-				RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  #####%s:  (%d, %d) to be removed\n",
-					__func__,
-					guest->vring[i].dom_id,
-					i);
-				destroy_device(i, guest->dom_id);
-				RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: DOM %u, vring num: %d\n",
-					__func__,
-					guest->dom_id,
-					guest->vring_num);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-_find_next_remove:
-	guest = NULL;
-	remove_request = false;
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(guest, &guest_root, next) {
-		if (guest->vring_num == 0) {
-			remove_request = true;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (remove_request == true) {
-		TAILQ_REMOVE(&guest_root, guest, next);
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  #####%s: destroy guest (%d)\n", __func__, guest->dom_id);
-		destroy_guest(guest);
-		goto _find_next_remove;
-	}
-	return;
-}
-
-/*
- * OK, if the guest starts first, it is ok.
- * if host starts first, it is ok.
- * if guest starts, and has run for sometime, and host stops and restarts,
- * then last_used_idx  0? how to solve this. */
-
-static void virtio_init(void)
-{
-	uint32_t len, e_num;
-	uint32_t i,j;
-	char **dom;
-	char *status;
-	int dom_id;
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
-	char node[PATH_MAX];
-	xs_transaction_t th;
-	struct xen_guest *guest;
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *net_config;
-	char *end;
-	int val;
-
-	/* init env for watch the node */
-	if (init_watch() < 0)
-		return;
-
-	dom = xs_directory(watch.xs, XBT_NULL, "/local/domain", &e_num);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < e_num; i++) {
-		errno = 0;
-		dom_id = strtol(dom[i], &end, 0);
-		if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || dom_id == 0)
-			continue;
-
-		for (j = 0; j < RTE_MAX_ETHPORTS; j++) {
-			snprintf(node, PATH_MAX, "%s%d", VIRTIO_START, j);
-			snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, XEN_VM_NODE_FMT,
-					dom_id, node);
-
-			th = xs_transaction_start(watch.xs);
-			status = xs_read(watch.xs, th, path, &len);
-			xs_transaction_end(watch.xs, th, false);
-
-			if (status == NULL)
-				break;
-
-			/* if there's any valid virtio device */
-			errno = 0;
-			val = strtol(status, &end, 0);
-			if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || dom_id == 0)
-				val = 0;
-			if (val == 1) {
-				guest = add_xen_guest(dom_id);
-				if (guest == NULL)
-					continue;
-				RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  there's a new virtio existed, new a virtio device\n\n");
-
-				RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  parse_vringnode dom_id %d virtioidx %d\n",dom_id,j);
-				if (parse_vringnode(guest, j)) {
-					RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  there is invalid information in xenstore\n");
-					TAILQ_REMOVE(&guest_root, guest, next);
-					destroy_guest(guest);
-
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				/*if pool_num > 0, then mempool has already been parsed*/
-				if (guest->pool_num == 0 && parse_mempoolnode(guest)) {
-					RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  there is error information in xenstore\n");
-					TAILQ_REMOVE(&guest_root, guest, next);
-					destroy_guest(guest);
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				net_config = new_device(j, guest);
-				/* every thing is ready now, added into data core */
-				notify_ops->new_device(&net_config->dev);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	free(dom);
-	return;
-}
-
-void
-virtio_monitor_loop(void)
-{
-	char **vec;
-	xs_transaction_t th;
-	char *buf;
-	unsigned int len;
-	unsigned int dom_id;
-	uint32_t virtio_idx;
-	struct xen_guest *guest;
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll *net_config;
-	enum fieldnames {
-		FLD_NULL = 0,
-		FLD_LOCAL,
-		FLD_DOMAIN,
-		FLD_ID,
-		FLD_CONTROL,
-		FLD_DPDK,
-		FLD_NODE,
-		_NUM_FLD
-	};
-	char *str_fld[_NUM_FLD];
-	char *str;
-	char *end;
-
-	virtio_init();
-	while (1) {
-		watch_unmap_event();
-
-		usleep(50);
-		vec = xs_check_watch(watch.xs);
-
-		if (vec == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		th = xs_transaction_start(watch.xs);
-
-		buf = xs_read(watch.xs, th, vec[XS_WATCH_PATH],&len);
-		xs_transaction_end(watch.xs, th, false);
-
-		if (buf) {
-			/* theres' some node for vhost existed */
-			if (rte_strsplit(vec[XS_WATCH_PATH], strnlen(vec[XS_WATCH_PATH], PATH_MAX),
-						str_fld, _NUM_FLD, '/') == _NUM_FLD) {
-				if (strstr(str_fld[FLD_NODE], VIRTIO_START)) {
-					errno = 0;
-					str = str_fld[FLD_ID];
-					dom_id = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
-					if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || end == str ) {
-						RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "invalid domain id\n");
-						continue;
-					}
-
-					errno = 0;
-					str = str_fld[FLD_NODE] + sizeof(VIRTIO_START) - 1;
-					virtio_idx = strtoul(str, &end, 0);
-					if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || end == str
-							|| virtio_idx > MAX_VIRTIO) {
-						RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "invalid virtio idx\n");
-						continue;
-					}
-					RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  #####virtio dev (%d, %d) is started\n", dom_id, virtio_idx);
-
-					guest = add_xen_guest(dom_id);
-					if (guest == NULL)
-						continue;
-					guest->dom_id = dom_id;
-					if (parse_vringnode(guest, virtio_idx)) {
-						RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  there is invalid information in xenstore\n");
-						/*guest newly created? guest existed ?*/
-						TAILQ_REMOVE(&guest_root, guest, next);
-						destroy_guest(guest);
-						continue;
-					}
-					/*if pool_num > 0, then mempool has already been parsed*/
-					if (guest->pool_num == 0 && parse_mempoolnode(guest)) {
-						RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  there is error information in xenstore\n");
-						TAILQ_REMOVE(&guest_root, guest, next);
-						destroy_guest(guest);
-						continue;
-					}
-
-
-					net_config = new_device(virtio_idx, guest);
-					RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  Add to dataplane core\n");
-					notify_ops->new_device(&net_config->dev);
-
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		free(vec);
-	}
-	return;
-}
-
-/*
- * Register ops so that we can add/remove device to data core.
- */
-int
-init_virtio_xen(struct virtio_net_device_ops const *const ops)
-{
-	notify_ops = ops;
-	if (xenhost_init())
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/virtio-net.h b/examples/vhost_xen/virtio-net.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ab69726..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/virtio-net.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- *   BSD LICENSE
- *
- *   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *   All rights reserved.
- *
- *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- *   are met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *       distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
- *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef _VIRTIO_NET_H_
-#define _VIRTIO_NET_H_
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#define VQ_DESC_NUM 256
-/* Used to indicate that the device is running on a data core */
-#define VIRTIO_DEV_RUNNING 1
-
-/*
- * Structure contains variables relevant to TX/RX virtqueues.
- */
-struct vhost_virtqueue
-{
-	struct vring_desc  *desc;             /* Virtqueue descriptor ring. */
-	struct vring_avail *avail;            /* Virtqueue available ring. */
-	struct vring_used  *used;             /* Virtqueue used ring. */
-	uint32_t           size;              /* Size of descriptor ring. */
-	uint32_t           vhost_hlen;        /* Vhost header length (varies depending on RX merge buffers. */
-	volatile uint16_t  last_used_idx;     /* Last index used on the available ring */
-	volatile uint16_t  last_used_idx_res; /* Used for multiple devices reserving buffers. */
-} __rte_cache_aligned;
-
-/*
- * Device structure contains all configuration information relating to the device.
- */
-struct virtio_net
-{
-	struct vhost_virtqueue	*virtqueue_tx;	/* Contains all TX virtqueue information. */
-	struct vhost_virtqueue	*virtqueue_rx;	/* Contains all RX virtqueue information. */
-	struct virtio_memory    *mem;           /* QEMU memory and memory region information. */
-	struct ether_addr       mac_address;    /* Device MAC address (Obtained on first TX packet). */
-	uint32_t                flags;          /* Device flags. Only used to check if device is running on data core. */
-	uint32_t                vlan_tag;       /* Vlan tag for device. Currently set to device_id (0-63). */
-	uint32_t                vmdq_rx_q;
-	uint64_t                device_fh;      /* device identifier. */
-	uint16_t                coreid;
-	volatile uint8_t        ready;          /* A device is set as ready if the MAC address has been set. */
-	volatile uint8_t        remove;         /* Device is marked for removal from the data core. */
-	uint32_t                virtio_idx;     /* Index of virtio device */
-	uint32_t                dom_id;         /* Domain id of xen guest */
-} ___rte_cache_aligned;
-
-/*
- * Device linked list structure for configuration.
- */
-struct virtio_net_config_ll
-{
-	struct virtio_net		dev;	/* Virtio device. */
-	struct virtio_net_config_ll	*next; /* Next entry on linked list. */
-};
-
-/*
- * Information relating to memory regions including offsets to addresses in QEMUs memory file.
- */
-struct virtio_memory_regions {
-	uint64_t	guest_phys_address;     /* Base guest physical address of region. */
-	uint64_t	guest_phys_address_end;	/* End guest physical address of region. */
-	uint64_t	memory_size;		/* Size of region. */
-	uint64_t	userspace_address;      /* Base userspace address of region. */
-	uint64_t	address_offset;         /* Offset of region for address translation. */
-};
-
-/*
- * Memory structure includes region and mapping information.
- */
-struct virtio_memory {
-	uint32_t			nregions;	/* Number of memory regions. */
-	struct virtio_memory_regions 	regions[0];	/* Memory region information. */
-};
-
-/*
- * Device operations to add/remove device.
- */
-struct virtio_net_device_ops {
-	int (* new_device)(struct virtio_net *);	/* Add device. */
-	void (* destroy_device)	(volatile struct virtio_net *);	/* Remove device. */
-};
-
-#endif
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/xen_vhost.h b/examples/vhost_xen/xen_vhost.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fc304c..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/xen_vhost.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- *   BSD LICENSE
- *
- *   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *   All rights reserved.
- *
- *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- *   are met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *       distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
- *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef _XEN_VHOST_H_
-#define _XEN_VHOST_H_
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include <rte_ether.h>
-
-#include "virtio-net.h"
-
-#define RTE_LOGTYPE_XENHOST RTE_LOGTYPE_USER1
-
-#define XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT  "/local/domain/%d/control/dpdk"
-#define XEN_VM_NODE_FMT      "/local/domain/%d/control/dpdk/%s"
-#define XEN_MEMPOOL_SUFFIX   "mempool_gref"
-#define XEN_RXVRING_SUFFIX   "rx_vring_gref"
-#define XEN_TXVRING_SUFFIX   "tx_vring_gref"
-#define XEN_GVA_SUFFIX       "mempool_va"
-#define XEN_VRINGFLAG_SUFFIX "vring_flag"
-#define XEN_ADDR_SUFFIX      "ether_addr"
-#define VIRTIO_START         "event_type_start_"
-
-#define XEN_GREF_SPLITTOKEN  ','
-
-#define MAX_XENVIRT_MEMPOOL 16
-#define MAX_VIRTIO  32
-#define MAX_GREF_PER_NODE 64  /* 128 MB memory */
-
-#define PAGE_SIZE   4096
-#define PAGE_PFNNUM (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(uint32_t))
-
-#define XEN_GNTDEV_FNAME "/dev/xen/gntdev"
-
-/* xen grant reference info in one grant node */
-struct xen_gnt {
-	uint32_t gref;	/* grant reference for this node */
-	union {
-		int gref;		/* grant reference */
-		uint32_t pfn_num;	/* guest pfn number of grant reference */
-	} gref_pfn[PAGE_PFNNUM];
-}__attribute__((__packed__));
-
-
-/* structure for mempool or vring node list */
-struct xen_gntnode {
-	uint32_t gnt_num;           /* grant reference number */
-	struct xen_gnt *gnt_info;   /* grant reference info */
-};
-
-
-struct xen_vring {
-	uint32_t dom_id;
-	uint32_t virtio_idx;    /* index of virtio device */
-	void *rxvring_addr;     /* mapped virtual address of rxvring */
-	void *txvring_addr;     /* mapped virtual address of txvring */
-	uint32_t rxpfn_num;     /* number of gpfn for rxvring */
-	uint32_t txpfn_num;	/* number of gpfn for txvring */
-	uint32_t *rxpfn_tbl;    /* array of rxvring gpfn */
-	uint32_t *txpfn_tbl;	/* array of txvring gpfn */
-	uint64_t *rx_pindex;    /* index used to release rx grefs */
-	uint64_t *tx_pindex;    /* index used to release tx grefs */
-	uint64_t  flag_index;
-	uint8_t  *flag; 	/* cleared to zero on guest unmap */
-	struct ether_addr addr; /* ethernet address of virtio device */
-	uint8_t   removed;
-
-};
-
-struct xen_mempool {
-	uint32_t dom_id;      /* guest domain id */
-	uint32_t pool_idx;    /* index of memory pool */
-	void *gva;            /* guest virtual address of mbuf pool */
-	void *hva;            /* host virtual address of mbuf pool */
-	uint32_t mempfn_num;  /* number of gpfn for mbuf pool */
-	uint32_t *mempfn_tbl; /* array of mbuf pool gpfn */
-	uint64_t *pindex;     /* index used to release grefs */
-};
-
-struct xen_guest {
-	TAILQ_ENTRY(xen_guest) next;
-	int32_t dom_id;       /* guest domain id */
-	uint32_t pool_num;    /* number of mbuf pool of the guest */
-	uint32_t vring_num;   /* number of virtio ports of the guest */
-	/* array contain the guest mbuf pool info */
-	struct xen_mempool mempool[MAX_XENVIRT_MEMPOOL];
-	/* array contain the guest rx/tx vring info */
-	struct xen_vring vring[MAX_VIRTIO];
-};
-
-TAILQ_HEAD(xen_guestlist, xen_guest);
-
-int
-parse_mempoolnode(struct xen_guest *guest);
-
-int
-xenhost_init(void);
-
-int
-parse_vringnode(struct xen_guest *guest, uint32_t virtio_idx);
-
-int
-parse_mempoolnode(struct xen_guest *guest);
-
-void
-cleanup_mempool(struct xen_mempool *mempool);
-
-void
-cleanup_vring(struct xen_vring *vring);
-
-void
-virtio_monitor_loop(void);
-
-int
-init_virtio_xen(struct virtio_net_device_ops const * const);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/examples/vhost_xen/xenstore_parse.c b/examples/vhost_xen/xenstore_parse.c
deleted file mode 100644
index ab089f1..0000000
--- a/examples/vhost_xen/xenstore_parse.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,775 +0,0 @@
-/*-
- *   BSD LICENSE
- *
- *   Copyright(c) 2010-2014 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *   All rights reserved.
- *
- *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- *   are met:
- *
- *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *       the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *       distribution.
- *     * Neither the name of Intel Corporation nor the names of its
- *       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
- *       from this software without specific prior written permission.
- *
- *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- *   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
- *   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
- *   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- *   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
- *   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
- *   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
- *   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <xen/sys/gntalloc.h>
-#include <xen/sys/gntdev.h>
-#include <xen/xen-compat.h>
-#if __XEN_LATEST_INTERFACE_VERSION__ < 0x00040200
-#include <xs.h>
-#else
-#include <xenstore.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <rte_common.h>
-#include <rte_memory.h>
-#include <rte_eal.h>
-#include <rte_malloc.h>
-#include <rte_string_fns.h>
-#include <rte_log.h>
-#include <rte_debug.h>
-
-#include "xen_vhost.h"
-
-/* xenstore handle */
-static struct xs_handle *xs = NULL;
-
-/* gntdev file descriptor to map grant pages */
-static int d_fd = -1;
-
-/*
- *  The grant node format in xenstore for vring/mpool is like:
- *  idx#_rx_vring_gref = "gref1#, gref2#, gref3#"
- *  idx#_mempool_gref  = "gref1#, gref2#, gref3#"
- *  each gref# is the grant reference for a shared page.
- *  In each shared page, we store the grant_node_item items.
- */
-struct grant_node_item {
-	uint32_t gref;
-	uint32_t pfn;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-int cmdline_parse_etheraddr(void *tk, const char *srcbuf,
-	void *res, unsigned ressize);
-
-/* Map grant ref refid at addr_ori*/
-static void *
-xen_grant_mmap(void *addr_ori, int domid, int refid, uint64_t *pindex)
-{
-	struct ioctl_gntdev_map_grant_ref arg;
-	void *addr = NULL;
-	int pg_sz = getpagesize();
-
-	arg.count = 1;
-	arg.refs[0].domid = domid;
-	arg.refs[0].ref = refid;
-
-	int rv = ioctl(d_fd, IOCTL_GNTDEV_MAP_GRANT_REF, &arg);
-	if (rv) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: (%d,%d) %s (ioctl failed)\n", __func__,
-				domid, refid, strerror(errno));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (addr_ori == NULL)
-		addr = mmap(addr_ori, pg_sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
-				d_fd, arg.index);
-	else
-		addr = mmap(addr_ori, pg_sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED | MAP_FIXED,
-				d_fd, arg.index);
-
-	if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: (%d, %d) %s (map failed)\n", __func__,
-				domid, refid, strerror(errno));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	if (pindex)
-		*pindex = arg.index;
-
-	return addr;
-}
-
-/* Unmap one grant ref, and munmap must be called before this */
-static int
-xen_unmap_grant_ref(uint64_t index)
-{
-	struct ioctl_gntdev_unmap_grant_ref arg;
-	int rv;
-
-	arg.count = 1;
-	arg.index = index;
-	rv = ioctl(d_fd, IOCTL_GNTDEV_UNMAP_GRANT_REF, &arg);
-	if (rv) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: index 0x%" PRIx64 "unmap failed\n", __func__, index);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Reserve a virtual address space.
- * On success, returns the pointer. On failure, returns NULL.
- */
-static void *
-get_xen_virtual(size_t size, size_t page_sz)
-{
-	void *addr;
-	uintptr_t aligned_addr;
-
-	addr = mmap(NULL, size + page_sz, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
-	if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "failed get a virtual area\n");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	aligned_addr = RTE_ALIGN_CEIL((uintptr_t)addr, page_sz);
-	munmap(addr, aligned_addr - (uintptr_t)addr);
-	munmap((void *)(aligned_addr + size), page_sz + (uintptr_t)addr - aligned_addr);
-	addr = (void *)(aligned_addr);
-
-	return addr;
-}
-
-static void
-free_xen_virtual(void *addr, size_t size, size_t page_sz __rte_unused)
-{
-	if (addr)
-		munmap(addr, size);
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns val str in xenstore.
- * @param path
- *  Full path string for key
- * @return
- *  Pointer to Val str, NULL on failure
- */
-static char *
-xen_read_node(char *path, uint32_t *len)
-{
-	char *buf;
-
-	buf = xs_read(xs, XBT_NULL, path, len);
-	return buf;
-}
-
-static int
-cal_pagenum(struct xen_gnt *gnt)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	/*
-	 * the items in the page are in the format of
-	 * gref#,pfn#,...,gref#,pfn#
-	 * FIXME, 0 is reserved by system, use it as terminator.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < (PAGE_PFNNUM) / 2; i++) {
-		if (gnt->gref_pfn[i * 2].gref <= 0)
-			break;
-	}
-
-	return i;
-}
-
-/* Frees memory allocated to a grant node */
-static void
-xen_free_gntnode(struct xen_gntnode *gntnode)
-{
-	if (gntnode == NULL)
-		return;
-	free(gntnode->gnt_info);
-	free(gntnode);
-}
-
-/*
- * Parse a grant node.
- * @param domid
- *  Guest domain id.
- * @param path
- *  Full path string for a grant node, like for the following (key, val) pair
- *  idx#_mempool_gref = "gref#, gref#, gref#"
- *  path = 'local/domain/domid/control/dpdk/idx#_mempool_gref'
- *  gref# is a shared page contain packed (gref,pfn) entries
- * @return
- *  Returns the pointer to xen_gntnode
- */
-static struct xen_gntnode *
-parse_gntnode(int dom_id, char *path)
-{
-	char **gref_list = NULL;
-	uint32_t i, len, gref_num;
-	void *addr = NULL;
-	char *buf = NULL;
-	struct xen_gntnode *gntnode = NULL;
-	struct xen_gnt *gnt = NULL;
-	int pg_sz = getpagesize();
-	char *end;
-	uint64_t index;
-
-	if ((buf = xen_read_node(path, &len)) == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	gref_list = malloc(MAX_GREF_PER_NODE * sizeof(char *));
-	if (gref_list == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	gref_num = rte_strsplit(buf, len, gref_list, MAX_GREF_PER_NODE,
-			XEN_GREF_SPLITTOKEN);
-	if (gref_num == 0) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: invalid grant node format\n", __func__);
-		goto err;
-	}
-
-	gntnode = calloc(1, sizeof(struct xen_gntnode));
-	gnt = calloc(gref_num, sizeof(struct xen_gnt));
-	if (gnt == NULL || gntnode == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < gref_num; i++) {
-		errno = 0;
-		gnt[i].gref = strtol(gref_list[i], &end, 0);
-		if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || end == gref_list[i] ||
-			(*end != '\0' &&  *end != XEN_GREF_SPLITTOKEN)) {
-			RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: parse grant node item failed\n", __func__);
-			goto err;
-		}
-		addr = xen_grant_mmap(NULL, dom_id, gnt[i].gref, &index);
-		if (addr == NULL) {
-			RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: map gref %u failed\n", __func__, gnt[i].gref);
-			goto err;
-		}
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "      %s: map gref %u to %p\n", __func__, gnt[i].gref, addr);
-		memcpy(gnt[i].gref_pfn, addr, pg_sz);
-		if (munmap(addr, pg_sz)) {
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap gref %u failed\n", __func__, gnt[i].gref);
-			goto err;
-		}
-		if (xen_unmap_grant_ref(index)) {
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: release gref %u failed\n", __func__, gnt[i].gref);
-			goto err;
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	gntnode->gnt_num  = gref_num;
-	gntnode->gnt_info = gnt;
-
-	free(buf);
-	free(gref_list);
-	return gntnode;
-
-err:
-	free(gnt);
-	free(gntnode);
-	free(gref_list);
-	free(buf);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * This function maps grant node of vring or mbuf pool to a continuous virtual address space,
- * and returns mapped address, pfn array, index array
- * @param gntnode
- *  Pointer to grant node
- * @param domid
- *  Guest domain id
- * @param ppfn
- *  Pointer to pfn array, caller should free this array
- * @param pgs
- *  Pointer to number of pages
- * @param ppindex
- *  Pointer to index array, used to release grefs when to free this node
- * @return
- *  Pointer to mapped virtual address, NULL on failure
- */
-static void *
-map_gntnode(struct xen_gntnode *gntnode, int domid, uint32_t **ppfn, uint32_t *pgs, uint64_t **ppindex)
-{
-	struct xen_gnt *gnt;
-	uint32_t i, j;
-	size_t total_pages = 0;
-	void *addr;
-	uint32_t *pfn;
-	uint64_t *pindex;
-	uint32_t pfn_num = 0;
-	int pg_sz;
-
-	if (gntnode == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	pg_sz = getpagesize();
-	for (i = 0; i < gntnode->gnt_num; i++) {
-		gnt = gntnode->gnt_info + i;
-		total_pages += cal_pagenum(gnt);
-	}
-	if ((addr = get_xen_virtual(total_pages * pg_sz, pg_sz)) == NULL) {
-		RTE_LOG(ERR, XENHOST, "  %s: failed get_xen_virtual\n", __func__);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	pfn = calloc(total_pages, (size_t)sizeof(uint32_t));
-	pindex = calloc(total_pages, (size_t)sizeof(uint64_t));
-	if (pfn == NULL || pindex == NULL) {
-		free_xen_virtual(addr, total_pages * pg_sz, pg_sz);
-		free(pfn);
-		free(pindex);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "    %s: total pages:%zu, map to [%p, %p]\n", __func__, total_pages, addr, RTE_PTR_ADD(addr, total_pages * pg_sz - 1));
-	for (i = 0; i < gntnode->gnt_num; i++) {
-		gnt = gntnode->gnt_info + i;
-		for (j = 0; j < (PAGE_PFNNUM) / 2; j++) {
-			if ((gnt->gref_pfn[j * 2].gref) <= 0)
-				goto _end;
-			/*alternative: batch map, or through libxc*/
-			if (xen_grant_mmap(RTE_PTR_ADD(addr, pfn_num * pg_sz),
-					domid,
-					gnt->gref_pfn[j * 2].gref,
-					&pindex[pfn_num]) == NULL) {
-				goto mmap_failed;
-			}
-			pfn[pfn_num] = gnt->gref_pfn[j * 2 + 1].pfn_num;
-			pfn_num++;
-		}
-	}
-
-mmap_failed:
-	if (pfn_num)
-		munmap(addr, pfn_num * pg_sz);
-	for (i = 0; i < pfn_num; i++) {
-		xen_unmap_grant_ref(pindex[i]);
-	}
-	free(pindex);
-	free(pfn);
-	return NULL;
-
-_end:
-	if (ppindex)
-		*ppindex = pindex;
-	else
-		free(pindex);
-	if (ppfn)
-		*ppfn = pfn;
-	else
-		free(pfn);
-	if (pgs)
-		*pgs = total_pages;
-
-	return addr;
-}
-
-static int
-parse_mpool_va(struct xen_mempool *mempool)
-{
-	char path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-	char *buf;
-	uint32_t len;
-	char *end;
-	int ret = -1;
-
-	errno = 0;
-	snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-		XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT"/%d_"XEN_GVA_SUFFIX,
-		mempool->dom_id, mempool->pool_idx);
-
-	if((buf = xen_read_node(path, &len)) == NULL)
-		goto out;
-	mempool->gva = (void *)strtoul(buf, &end, 16);
-	if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || end == buf || *end != '\0') {
-		mempool->gva = NULL;
-		goto out;
-	}
-	ret = 0;
-out:
-	free(buf);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * map mbuf pool
- */
-static int
-map_mempoolnode(struct xen_gntnode *gntnode,
-			struct xen_mempool *mempool)
-{
-	if (gntnode == NULL || mempool == NULL)
-		return -1;
-
-	mempool->hva =
-		map_gntnode(gntnode, mempool->dom_id, &mempool->mempfn_tbl, &mempool->mempfn_num, &mempool->pindex);
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: map mempool at %p\n", __func__, (void *)mempool->hva);
-	if (mempool->hva)
-		return 0;
-	else {
-		return -1;
-	}
-}
-
-void
-cleanup_mempool(struct xen_mempool *mempool)
-{
-	int pg_sz = getpagesize();
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	if (mempool->hva)
-		munmap(mempool->hva, mempool->mempfn_num * pg_sz);
-	mempool->hva = NULL;
-
-	if (mempool->pindex) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap dom %02u mempool%02u %u grefs\n",
-			__func__,
-			mempool->dom_id,
-			mempool->pool_idx,
-			mempool->mempfn_num);
-		for (i = 0; i < mempool->mempfn_num; i ++) {
-			xen_unmap_grant_ref(mempool->pindex[i]);
-		}
-	}
-	mempool->pindex = NULL;
-
-	free(mempool->mempfn_tbl);
-	mempool->mempfn_tbl = NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * process mempool node idx#_mempool_gref, idx = 0, 1, 2...
- * until we encounter a node that doesn't exist.
- */
-int
-parse_mempoolnode(struct xen_guest *guest)
-{
-	uint32_t i, len;
-	char path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-	struct xen_gntnode *gntnode = NULL;
-	struct xen_mempool *mempool = NULL;
-	char *buf;
-
-	bzero(&guest->mempool, MAX_XENVIRT_MEMPOOL * sizeof(guest->mempool[0]));
-	guest->pool_num = 0;
-
-	while (1) {
-		/* check if null terminated */
-		snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-			XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT"/%d_"XEN_MEMPOOL_SUFFIX,
-			guest->dom_id,
-			guest->pool_num);
-
-		if ((buf = xen_read_node(path, &len)) != NULL) {
-			/* this node exists */
-			free(buf);
-		} else {
-			if (guest->pool_num == 0) {
-				RTE_LOG(ERR, PMD, "no mempool found\n");
-				return -1;
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-
-		mempool = &guest->mempool[guest->pool_num];
-		mempool->dom_id = guest->dom_id;
-		mempool->pool_idx = guest->pool_num;
-
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: mempool %u parse gntnode %s\n", __func__, guest->pool_num, path);
-		gntnode = parse_gntnode(guest->dom_id, path);
-		if (gntnode == NULL)
-			goto err;
-
-		if (parse_mpool_va(mempool))
-			goto err;
-
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: mempool %u map gntnode %s\n", __func__, guest->pool_num, path);
-		if (map_mempoolnode(gntnode, mempool))
-			goto err;
-
-		xen_free_gntnode(gntnode);
-		guest->pool_num++;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-err:
-	if (gntnode)
-		xen_free_gntnode(gntnode);
-	for (i = 0; i <  MAX_XENVIRT_MEMPOOL ; i++) {
-		cleanup_mempool(&guest->mempool[i]);
-	}
-	/* reinitialise mempool */
-	bzero(&guest->mempool, MAX_XENVIRT_MEMPOOL * sizeof(guest->mempool[0]));
-	return -1;
-}
-
-static int
-xen_map_vringflag(struct xen_vring *vring)
-{
-	char path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-	char *buf;
-	uint32_t len,gref;
-	int pg_sz = getpagesize();
-	char *end;
-
-	snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-		XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT"/%d_"XEN_VRINGFLAG_SUFFIX,
-		vring->dom_id, vring->virtio_idx);
-
-	if((buf = xen_read_node(path, &len)) == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	errno = 0;
-	gref = strtol(buf, &end, 0);
-	if (errno != 0 || end == NULL || end == buf) {
-		goto err;
-	}
-	vring->flag = xen_grant_mmap(0, vring->dom_id, gref, &vring->flag_index);
-	if (vring->flag == NULL || *vring->flag == 0)
-		goto err;
-
-	free(buf);
-	return 0;
-err:
-	free(buf);
-	if (vring->flag) {
-		munmap(vring->flag, pg_sz);
-		vring->flag = NULL;
-		xen_unmap_grant_ref(vring->flag_index);
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-
-static int
-xen_map_rxvringnode(struct xen_gntnode *gntnode,
-				struct xen_vring *vring)
-{
-	vring->rxvring_addr =
-		map_gntnode(gntnode, vring->dom_id, &vring->rxpfn_tbl, &vring->rxpfn_num, &vring->rx_pindex);
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: map rx vring at %p\n", __func__, (void *)vring->rxvring_addr);
-	if (vring->rxvring_addr)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
-}
-
-static int
-xen_map_txvringnode(struct xen_gntnode *gntnode,
-				struct xen_vring *vring)
-{
-	vring->txvring_addr =
-		map_gntnode(gntnode, vring->dom_id, &vring->txpfn_tbl, &vring->txpfn_num, &vring->tx_pindex);
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: map tx vring at %p\n", __func__, (void *)vring->txvring_addr);
-	if (vring->txvring_addr)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return -1;
-}
-
-void
-cleanup_vring(struct xen_vring *vring)
-{
-	int pg_sz = getpagesize();
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: cleanup dom %u vring %u\n", __func__, vring->dom_id, vring->virtio_idx);
-	if (vring->rxvring_addr) {
-		munmap(vring->rxvring_addr, vring->rxpfn_num * pg_sz);
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap rx vring [%p, %p]\n",
-			__func__,
-			vring->rxvring_addr,
-			RTE_PTR_ADD(vring->rxvring_addr,
-			vring->rxpfn_num * pg_sz - 1));
-	}
-	vring->rxvring_addr = NULL;
-
-
-	if (vring->rx_pindex) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap rx vring %u grefs\n", __func__, vring->rxpfn_num);
-		for (i = 0; i < vring->rxpfn_num; i++) {
-			xen_unmap_grant_ref(vring->rx_pindex[i]);
-		}
-	}
-	vring->rx_pindex = NULL;
-
-	free(vring->rxpfn_tbl);
-	vring->rxpfn_tbl = NULL;
-
-	if (vring->txvring_addr) {
-		munmap(vring->txvring_addr, vring->txpfn_num * pg_sz);
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap tx vring [%p, %p]\n",
-			__func__,
-			vring->txvring_addr,
-			RTE_PTR_ADD(vring->txvring_addr,
-			vring->txpfn_num * pg_sz - 1));
-	}
-	vring->txvring_addr = NULL;
-
-	if (vring->tx_pindex) {
-		RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap tx vring %u grefs\n", __func__, vring->txpfn_num);
-		for (i = 0; i < vring->txpfn_num; i++) {
-			xen_unmap_grant_ref(vring->tx_pindex[i]);
-		}
-	}
-	vring->tx_pindex = NULL;
-
-	free(vring->txpfn_tbl);
-	vring->txpfn_tbl = NULL;
-
-	if (vring->flag) {
-		if (!munmap((void *)vring->flag, pg_sz))
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: unmap flag page at %p\n", __func__, vring->flag);
-		if (!xen_unmap_grant_ref(vring->flag_index))
-			RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: release flag ref index 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", __func__, vring->flag_index);
-	}
-	vring->flag = NULL;
-	return;
-}
-
-
-
-static int
-xen_parse_etheraddr(struct xen_vring *vring)
-{
-	char path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-	char *buf;
-	uint32_t len;
-	int ret = -1;
-
-	snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-		XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT"/%d_"XEN_ADDR_SUFFIX,
-		vring->dom_id, vring->virtio_idx);
-
-	if ((buf = xen_read_node(path, &len)) == NULL)
-		goto out;
-
-	if (cmdline_parse_etheraddr(NULL, buf, &vring->addr,
-			sizeof(vring->addr)) < 0)
-		goto out;
-	ret = 0;
-out:
-	free(buf);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-
-int
-parse_vringnode(struct xen_guest *guest, uint32_t virtio_idx)
-{
-	char path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-	struct xen_gntnode *rx_gntnode = NULL;
-	struct xen_gntnode *tx_gntnode = NULL;
-	struct xen_vring *vring = NULL;
-
-	/*check if null terminated */
-	snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-		XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT"/%d_"XEN_RXVRING_SUFFIX,
-		guest->dom_id,
-		virtio_idx);
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: virtio %u parse rx gntnode %s\n", __func__, virtio_idx, path);
-	rx_gntnode = parse_gntnode(guest->dom_id, path);
-	if (rx_gntnode == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	/*check if null terminated */
-	snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
-		XEN_VM_ROOTNODE_FMT"/%d_"XEN_TXVRING_SUFFIX,
-		guest->dom_id,
-		virtio_idx);
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: virtio %u parse tx gntnode %s\n", __func__, virtio_idx, path);
-	tx_gntnode = parse_gntnode(guest->dom_id, path);
-	if (tx_gntnode == NULL)
-		goto err;
-
-	vring = &guest->vring[virtio_idx];
-	bzero(vring, sizeof(*vring));
-	vring->dom_id = guest->dom_id;
-	vring->virtio_idx = virtio_idx;
-
-	if (xen_parse_etheraddr(vring) != 0)
-		goto err;
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: virtio %u map rx gntnode %s\n", __func__, virtio_idx, path);
-	if (xen_map_rxvringnode(rx_gntnode, vring) != 0)
-		goto err;
-
-	RTE_LOG(INFO, XENHOST, "  %s: virtio %u map tx gntnode %s\n", __func__, virtio_idx, path);
-	if (xen_map_txvringnode(tx_gntnode, vring) != 0)
-		goto err;
-
-	if (xen_map_vringflag(vring) != 0)
-		goto err;
-
-	guest->vring_num++;
-
-	xen_free_gntnode(rx_gntnode);
-	xen_free_gntnode(tx_gntnode);
-
-	return 0;
-
-err:
-	if (rx_gntnode)
-		xen_free_gntnode(rx_gntnode);
-	if (tx_gntnode)
-		xen_free_gntnode(tx_gntnode);
-	if (vring) {
-		cleanup_vring(vring);
-		bzero(vring, sizeof(*vring));
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Open xen grant dev driver
- * @return
- *  0 on success, -1 on failure.
- */
-static int
-xen_grant_init(void)
-{
-	d_fd = open(XEN_GNTDEV_FNAME, O_RDWR);
-
-	return d_fd == -1? (-1): (0);
-}
-
-/*
- * Initialise xenstore handle and open grant dev driver.
- * @return
- *  0 on success, -1 on failure.
- */
-int
-xenhost_init(void)
-{
-	xs = xs_daemon_open();
-	if (xs == NULL) {
-		rte_panic("failed initialize xen daemon handler");
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (xen_grant_init())
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
