From patchwork Sat Sep 23 09:41:41 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: "Li, Xin3" X-Patchwork-Id: 13396595 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from lists.xenproject.org (lists.xenproject.org [192.237.175.120]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 38177CE7A9D for ; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 10:12:02 +0000 (UTC) Received: from list by lists.xenproject.org with outflank-mailman.607088.945306 (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1qjzc7-0001vN-F9; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 10:11:51 +0000 X-Outflank-Mailman: Message body and most headers restored to incoming version Received: by outflank-mailman (output) from mailman id 607088.945306; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 10:11:51 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=lists.xenproject.org) by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1qjzc7-0001uO-90; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 10:11:51 +0000 Received: by outflank-mailman (input) for mailman id 607088; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 10:11:50 +0000 Received: from se1-gles-flk1-in.inumbo.com ([94.247.172.50] helo=se1-gles-flk1.inumbo.com) by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1qjzc6-0000Pn-5K for xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 10:11:50 +0000 Received: from mgamail.intel.com (mgamail.intel.com [134.134.136.100]) by se1-gles-flk1.inumbo.com (Halon) with ESMTPS id 9a287b8b-59f9-11ee-9b0d-b553b5be7939; Sat, 23 Sep 2023 12:11:46 +0200 (CEST) Received: from fmsmga008.fm.intel.com ([10.253.24.58]) by orsmga105.jf.intel.com with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 23 Sep 2023 03:11:39 -0700 Received: from unknown (HELO fred..) ([172.25.112.68]) by fmsmga008.fm.intel.com with ESMTP; 23 Sep 2023 03:11:38 -0700 X-BeenThere: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org List-Id: Xen developer discussion List-Unsubscribe: , List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: xen-devel-bounces@lists.xenproject.org Precedence: list Sender: "Xen-devel" X-Inumbo-ID: 9a287b8b-59f9-11ee-9b0d-b553b5be7939 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=intel.com; i=@intel.com; q=dns/txt; s=Intel; t=1695463906; x=1726999906; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to: references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=bNeoh4I4zABONAQfik1sKjrzvYgDVMEQH0uLYFn+NlU=; b=lVqdWKyyyXoWDBsA1sYu7LxUNM73G33ABkiz6LWU3VIXwVVa3ajU4Q9J JUDhOd7rcuQwyTEZM/BPVmff9tA5I6pge0m5KdqtGAvPVDLdQB0S9DQea twcSIv+PRXFIbevA+SGMJoY3MvP72YUJwRCEDpFTjcYoVFuS6AMKHJxyf QFiFdEk13HEdbCI+6v3xv9Y7SDm132L6eHdge879ff0gipITK5J6fqIoH wrn45sthYpJg2vrL9GMI+bdibBAFyDkQVNTlaLG2/uWuI5vB8fptw1b+G mQNLxovubTm5MZjoIGTKfogOgsPr081Mp8LE2LG8h/xjd8spVqMCG8lXB A==; X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6600,9927,10841"; a="447492144" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="6.03,171,1694761200"; d="scan'208";a="447492144" X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6600,9927,10841"; a="813388120" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="6.03,171,1694761200"; d="scan'208";a="813388120" From: Xin Li To: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-edac@vger.kernel.org, linux-hyperv@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org, xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org Cc: tglx@linutronix.de, mingo@redhat.com, bp@alien8.de, dave.hansen@linux.intel.com, x86@kernel.org, hpa@zytor.com, luto@kernel.org, pbonzini@redhat.com, seanjc@google.com, peterz@infradead.org, jgross@suse.com, ravi.v.shankar@intel.com, mhiramat@kernel.org, andrew.cooper3@citrix.com, jiangshanlai@gmail.com, nik.borisov@suse.com Subject: [PATCH v11 06/37] Documentation/x86/64: Add a documentation for FRED Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2023 02:41:41 -0700 Message-Id: <20230923094212.26520-7-xin3.li@intel.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.34.1 In-Reply-To: <20230923094212.26520-1-xin3.li@intel.com> References: <20230923094212.26520-1-xin3.li@intel.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Briefly introduce FRED, and its advantages compared to IDT. Signed-off-by: Xin Li --- Changes since v10: * Reword a sentence to improve readability (Nikolay Borisov). --- Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst | 1 + 2 files changed, 97 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst diff --git a/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9f57e7b91f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +========================================= +Flexible Return and Event Delivery (FRED) +========================================= + +Overview +======== + +The FRED architecture defines simple new transitions that change +privilege level (ring transitions). The FRED architecture was +designed with the following goals: + +1) Improve overall performance and response time by replacing event + delivery through the interrupt descriptor table (IDT event + delivery) and event return by the IRET instruction with lower + latency transitions. + +2) Improve software robustness by ensuring that event delivery + establishes the full supervisor context and that event return + establishes the full user context. + +The new transitions defined by the FRED architecture are FRED event +delivery and, for returning from events, two FRED return instructions. +FRED event delivery can effect a transition from ring 3 to ring 0, but +it is used also to deliver events incident to ring 0. One FRED +instruction (ERETU) effects a return from ring 0 to ring 3, while the +other (ERETS) returns while remaining in ring 0. Collectively, FRED +event delivery and the FRED return instructions are FRED transitions. + +In addition to these transitions, the FRED architecture defines a new +instruction (LKGS) for managing the state of the GS segment register. +The LKGS instruction can be used by 64-bit operating systems that do +not use the new FRED transitions. + +Furthermore, the FRED architecture is easy to extend for future CPU +architectures. + +Software based event dispatching +================================ + +FRED operates differently from IDT in terms of event handling. Instead +of directly dispatching an event to its handler based on the event +vector, FRED requires the software to dispatch an event to its handler +based on both the event's type and vector. Therefore, an event dispatch +framework must be implemented to facilitate the event-to-handler +dispatch process. The FRED event dispatch framework takes control +once an event is delivered, and employs a two-level dispatch. + +The first level dispatching is event type based, and the second level +dispatching is event vector based. + +Full supervisor/user context +============================ + +FRED event delivery atomically save and restore full supervisor/user +context upon event delivery and return. Thus it avoids the problem of +transient states due to %cr2 and/or %dr6, and it is no longer needed +to handle all the ugly corner cases caused by half baked entry states. + +FRED allows explicit unblock of NMI with new event return instructions +ERETS/ERETU, avoiding the mess caused by IRET which unconditionally +unblocks NMI, e.g., when an exception happens during NMI handling. + +FRED always restores the full value of %rsp, thus ESPFIX is no longer +needed when FRED is enabled. + +LKGS +==== + +LKGS behaves like the MOV to GS instruction except that it loads the +base address into the IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE MSR instead of the GS +segment’s descriptor cache. With LKGS, it ends up with avoiding +mucking with kernel GS, i.e., an operating system can always operate +with its own GS base address. + +Because FRED event delivery from ring 3 and ERETU both swap the value +of the GS base address and that of the IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE MSR, plus +the introduction of LKGS instruction, the SWAPGS instruction is no +longer needed when FRED is enabled, thus is disallowed (#UD). + +Stack levels +============ + +4 stack levels 0~3 are introduced to replace the nonreentrant IST for +event handling, and each stack level should be configured to use a +dedicated stack. + +The current stack level could be unchanged or go higher upon FRED +event delivery. If unchanged, the CPU keeps using the current event +stack. If higher, the CPU switches to a new event stack specified by +the MSR of the new stack level, i.e., MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP[123]. + +Only execution of a FRED return instruction ERET[US], could lower the +current stack level, causing the CPU to switch back to the stack it was +on before a previous event delivery that promoted the stack level. diff --git a/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst index a56070fc8e77..ad15e9bd623f 100644 --- a/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst @@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ x86_64 Support cpu-hotplug-spec machinecheck fsgs + fred