From patchwork Tue Dec 5 10:49:53 2023 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: "Li, Xin3" X-Patchwork-Id: 13479967 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from lists.xenproject.org (lists.xenproject.org [192.237.175.120]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C9353C10F05 for ; Tue, 5 Dec 2023 11:21:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from list by lists.xenproject.org with outflank-mailman.647560.1010845 (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1rATUX-0004SN-8p; Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:21:29 +0000 X-Outflank-Mailman: Message body and most headers restored to incoming version Received: by outflank-mailman (output) from mailman id 647560.1010845; Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:21:29 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=lists.xenproject.org) by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1rATUX-0004Rl-4D; Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:21:29 +0000 Received: by outflank-mailman (input) for mailman id 647560; Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:21:27 +0000 Received: from se1-gles-flk1-in.inumbo.com ([94.247.172.50] helo=se1-gles-flk1.inumbo.com) by lists.xenproject.org with esmtp (Exim 4.92) (envelope-from ) id 1rATUV-0003dP-SU for xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org; Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:21:27 +0000 Received: from mgamail.intel.com (mgamail.intel.com [198.175.65.12]) by se1-gles-flk1.inumbo.com (Halon) with ESMTPS id 6cd8b9cc-9360-11ee-9b0f-b553b5be7939; Tue, 05 Dec 2023 12:21:25 +0100 (CET) Received: from fmsmga006.fm.intel.com ([10.253.24.20]) by orvoesa104.jf.intel.com with ESMTP/TLS/ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384; 05 Dec 2023 03:21:18 -0800 Received: from unknown (HELO fred..) ([172.25.112.68]) by fmsmga006.fm.intel.com with ESMTP; 05 Dec 2023 03:21:16 -0800 X-BeenThere: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org List-Id: Xen developer discussion List-Unsubscribe: , List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: xen-devel-bounces@lists.xenproject.org Precedence: list Sender: "Xen-devel" X-Inumbo-ID: 6cd8b9cc-9360-11ee-9b0f-b553b5be7939 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=intel.com; i=@intel.com; q=dns/txt; s=Intel; t=1701775286; x=1733311286; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to: references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=rcIX7hZP19m5L490VTf3i3xI4HPGPBfZoYyDd0t+hRM=; b=QyLJKSOHG1YURSmhSE6+Ta7wXoFOslKhEFLlXdEwWbeWKNpOf/239lUh b7aWw+f3m09tfUnJd5xYXWsLfr/M2FBQhCOPPMqXY73BO3zLvvFeMa5yS D0yRMdX2ndbyVT0VZhOz7vwW2MC9AHC0UlmnvEiCTzjbITAvPJ64yF/EW 1na/LQUEv5Q6KTh0HzfHZtXlGYvOgjKUwnhFojZ5k8l3wVv2X34gmhKUz FxEZFC0R5QUxZLzghcBD4HasO6jmIO1b1y95Sw9me4SoFGqrlpeUNwls6 brnaWD+/yHObbSC9e02DRWfyK37byBOjlKU+s9dVoM1AyPvwj/jsxLEHB Q==; X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6600,9927,10914"; a="942335" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="6.04,252,1695711600"; d="scan'208";a="942335" X-ExtLoop1: 1 X-IronPort-AV: E=McAfee;i="6600,9927,10914"; a="1018192908" X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="6.04,252,1695711600"; d="scan'208";a="1018192908" From: Xin Li To: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-edac@vger.kernel.org, linux-hyperv@vger.kernel.org, kvm@vger.kernel.org, xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org Cc: tglx@linutronix.de, mingo@redhat.com, bp@alien8.de, dave.hansen@linux.intel.com, x86@kernel.org, hpa@zytor.com, luto@kernel.org, pbonzini@redhat.com, seanjc@google.com, peterz@infradead.org, jgross@suse.com, ravi.v.shankar@intel.com, mhiramat@kernel.org, andrew.cooper3@citrix.com, jiangshanlai@gmail.com, nik.borisov@suse.com, shan.kang@intel.com Subject: [PATCH v13 04/35] Documentation/x86/64: Add a documentation for FRED Date: Tue, 5 Dec 2023 02:49:53 -0800 Message-ID: <20231205105030.8698-5-xin3.li@intel.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.43.0 In-Reply-To: <20231205105030.8698-1-xin3.li@intel.com> References: <20231205105030.8698-1-xin3.li@intel.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Briefly introduce FRED, and its advantages compared to IDT. Reviewed-by: Bagas Sanjaya Signed-off-by: Xin Li --- Changes since v10: * Reword a sentence to improve readability (Nikolay Borisov). --- Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst | 1 + 2 files changed, 97 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst diff --git a/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9f57e7b91f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/fred.rst @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +========================================= +Flexible Return and Event Delivery (FRED) +========================================= + +Overview +======== + +The FRED architecture defines simple new transitions that change +privilege level (ring transitions). The FRED architecture was +designed with the following goals: + +1) Improve overall performance and response time by replacing event + delivery through the interrupt descriptor table (IDT event + delivery) and event return by the IRET instruction with lower + latency transitions. + +2) Improve software robustness by ensuring that event delivery + establishes the full supervisor context and that event return + establishes the full user context. + +The new transitions defined by the FRED architecture are FRED event +delivery and, for returning from events, two FRED return instructions. +FRED event delivery can effect a transition from ring 3 to ring 0, but +it is used also to deliver events incident to ring 0. One FRED +instruction (ERETU) effects a return from ring 0 to ring 3, while the +other (ERETS) returns while remaining in ring 0. Collectively, FRED +event delivery and the FRED return instructions are FRED transitions. + +In addition to these transitions, the FRED architecture defines a new +instruction (LKGS) for managing the state of the GS segment register. +The LKGS instruction can be used by 64-bit operating systems that do +not use the new FRED transitions. + +Furthermore, the FRED architecture is easy to extend for future CPU +architectures. + +Software based event dispatching +================================ + +FRED operates differently from IDT in terms of event handling. Instead +of directly dispatching an event to its handler based on the event +vector, FRED requires the software to dispatch an event to its handler +based on both the event's type and vector. Therefore, an event dispatch +framework must be implemented to facilitate the event-to-handler +dispatch process. The FRED event dispatch framework takes control +once an event is delivered, and employs a two-level dispatch. + +The first level dispatching is event type based, and the second level +dispatching is event vector based. + +Full supervisor/user context +============================ + +FRED event delivery atomically save and restore full supervisor/user +context upon event delivery and return. Thus it avoids the problem of +transient states due to %cr2 and/or %dr6, and it is no longer needed +to handle all the ugly corner cases caused by half baked entry states. + +FRED allows explicit unblock of NMI with new event return instructions +ERETS/ERETU, avoiding the mess caused by IRET which unconditionally +unblocks NMI, e.g., when an exception happens during NMI handling. + +FRED always restores the full value of %rsp, thus ESPFIX is no longer +needed when FRED is enabled. + +LKGS +==== + +LKGS behaves like the MOV to GS instruction except that it loads the +base address into the IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE MSR instead of the GS +segment’s descriptor cache. With LKGS, it ends up with avoiding +mucking with kernel GS, i.e., an operating system can always operate +with its own GS base address. + +Because FRED event delivery from ring 3 and ERETU both swap the value +of the GS base address and that of the IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE MSR, plus +the introduction of LKGS instruction, the SWAPGS instruction is no +longer needed when FRED is enabled, thus is disallowed (#UD). + +Stack levels +============ + +4 stack levels 0~3 are introduced to replace the nonreentrant IST for +event handling, and each stack level should be configured to use a +dedicated stack. + +The current stack level could be unchanged or go higher upon FRED +event delivery. If unchanged, the CPU keeps using the current event +stack. If higher, the CPU switches to a new event stack specified by +the MSR of the new stack level, i.e., MSR_IA32_FRED_RSP[123]. + +Only execution of a FRED return instruction ERET[US], could lower the +current stack level, causing the CPU to switch back to the stack it was +on before a previous event delivery that promoted the stack level. diff --git a/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst index a56070fc8e77..ad15e9bd623f 100644 --- a/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/arch/x86/x86_64/index.rst @@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ x86_64 Support cpu-hotplug-spec machinecheck fsgs + fred