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Wed, 19 Feb 2020 07:24:08 -0800 (PST) Received: from t560.mvista.com (unknown [IPv6:2001:470:b8f6:1b:9129:b2b8:445c:a4ff]) by serve.minyard.net (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 1986218016D; Wed, 19 Feb 2020 15:24:08 +0000 (UTC) From: minyard@acm.org To: Will Deacon , Catalin Marinas , linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Subject: [PATCH v2] arm64:kgdb: Fix kernel single-stepping Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2020 09:24:03 -0600 Message-Id: <20200219152403.3495-1-minyard@acm.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.17.1 X-CRM114-Version: 20100106-BlameMichelson ( TRE 0.8.0 (BSD) ) MR-646709E3 X-CRM114-CacheID: sfid-20200219_072413_941851_D824157B X-CRM114-Status: GOOD ( 35.71 ) X-Spam-Score: 0.4 (/) X-Spam-Report: SpamAssassin version 3.4.3 on bombadil.infradead.org summary: Content analysis details: (0.4 points) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -0.0 RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE RBL: Sender listed at https://www.dnswl.org/, no trust [2607:f8b0:4864:20:0:0:0:243 listed in] [list.dnswl.org] -0.0 SPF_PASS SPF: sender matches SPF record 0.2 HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS From and EnvelopeFrom 2nd level mail domains are different 0.0 SPF_HELO_NONE SPF: HELO does not publish an SPF Record 0.0 FREEMAIL_FROM Sender email is commonly abused enduser mail provider [tcminyard[at]gmail.com] 0.1 DKIM_SIGNED Message has a DKIM or DK signature, not necessarily valid -0.1 DKIM_VALID_EF Message has a valid DKIM or DK signature from envelope-from domain -0.1 DKIM_VALID Message has at least one valid DKIM or DK signature 0.2 FREEMAIL_FORGED_FROMDOMAIN 2nd level domains in From and EnvelopeFrom freemail headers are different X-BeenThere: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Corey Minyard , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Sender: "linux-arm-kernel" Errors-To: linux-arm-kernel-bounces+patchwork-linux-arm=patchwork.kernel.org@lists.infradead.org From: Corey Minyard I was working on a single-step bug on kgdb on an ARM64 system, and I saw this scenario: * A single step is setup to return to el1 * The ERET return to el1 * An interrupt is pending and runs before the instruction * As soon as PSTATE.D (the debug disable bit) is cleared, the single step happens in that location, not where it should have. This appears to be due to PSTATE.SS not being cleared when the exception happens. Per section D.2.12.5 of the ARMv8 reference manual, that appears to be incorrect, it says "As part of exception entry, the PE does all of the following: ... Sets PSTATE.SS to 0." However, I appear to not be the first person who has noticed this. In the el0-only portion of the kernel_entry macro in entry.S, I found the following comment: "Ensure MDSCR_EL1.SS is clear, since we can unmask debug exceptions when scheduling." Exactly the same scenario, except coming from a userland single step, not a kernel one. As I was studying this, though, I realized that the following scenario had an issue: * Kernel enables MDSCR.SS, MDSCR.KDE, MDSCR.MDE (unnecessary), and PSTATE.SS to enable a single step in el1, for kgdb or kprobes, on the current CPU's MDSCR register and the process' PSTATE.SS register. * Kernel returns from the exception with ERET. * An interrupt or page fault happens on the instruction, causing the instruction to not be run, but the exception handler runs. * The exception causes the task to migrate to a new core. * The return from the exception runs on a different processor now, where the MDSCR values are not set up for a single step. * The single step fails to happen. This is bad for kgdb, of course, but it seems really bad for kprobes if this happens. To fix both these problems, rework the handling of single steps to clear things out upon entry to the kernel from el1, and then to set up single step when returning to el1, and not do the setup in debug-monitors.c. This means that single stepping does not use enable/disable_debug_monitors(); it is no longer necessary to track those flags for single stepping. This is much like single stepping is handled for el0. A new flag is added in pt_regs to enable single stepping from el1. Unfortunately, the old value of PSTATE.SS cannot be used for this because of the hardware bug mentioned earlier. As part of this, there is an interaction between single stepping and the other users of debug monitors with the MDSCR.KDE bit. That bit has to be set for both hardware breakpoints at el1 and single stepping at el1. A new variable was created to store the cpu-wide value of MDSCR.KDE; the single stepping code makes sure not to clear that bit on kernel entry if it's set in the per-cpu variable. After fixing this and doing some more testing, I ran into another issue: * Kernel enables the pt_regs single step * Kernel returns from the exception with ERET. * An interrupt or page fault happens on the instruction, causing the instruction to not be run, but the exception handler runs. * The exception handling hits a breakpoint and stops. * The user continues from the breakpoint, so the kernel is no longer expecting a single step. * On the return from the first exception, the single step flag in pt_regs is still set, so a single step trap happens. * The kernel keels over from an unexpected single step. There's no easy way to find the pt_regs that has the single step flag set. So a thread info flag was added so that the single step could be disabled in this case. Both that flag and the flag in pt_regs must be set to enable a single step. Signed-off-by: Corey Minyard Tested-by: Daniel Thompson --- Changes from v1: After studying the EL0 handling for this, I realized an issue with using MDSCR to check if single step is enabled: it can be expensive on a VM. So check the task flag first to see if single step is enabled. Then check MDSCR if the task flag is set. arch/arm64/include/asm/debug-monitors.h | 3 +- arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h | 4 +- arch/arm64/include/asm/thread_info.h | 1 + arch/arm64/kernel/asm-offsets.c | 1 + arch/arm64/kernel/debug-monitors.c | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++--- arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S | 44 ++++++++++++++++++ arch/arm64/kernel/kgdb.c | 6 ++- 7 files changed, 109 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/debug-monitors.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/debug-monitors.h index 7619f473155f..02842fef74bb 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/debug-monitors.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/debug-monitors.h @@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ #include /* Low-level stepping controls. */ -#define DBG_MDSCR_SS (1 << 0) +#define DBG_MDSCR_SS_BIT 0 +#define DBG_MDSCR_SS (1 << DBG_MDSCR_SS_BIT) #define DBG_SPSR_SS (1 << 21) /* MDSCR_EL1 enabling bits */ diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h index bf57308fcd63..61b69f1f7c26 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/ptrace.h @@ -169,11 +169,11 @@ struct pt_regs { }; u64 orig_x0; #ifdef __AARCH64EB__ - u32 unused2; + u32 ss_enable; /* Kernel single-step for a task */ s32 syscallno; #else s32 syscallno; - u32 unused2; + u32 ss_enable; #endif u64 orig_addr_limit; diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/thread_info.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/thread_info.h index f0cec4160136..445519a5d2c9 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/thread_info.h +++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/thread_info.h @@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ void arch_release_task_struct(struct task_struct *tsk); #define TIF_SVE_VL_INHERIT 24 /* Inherit sve_vl_onexec across exec */ #define TIF_SSBD 25 /* Wants SSB mitigation */ #define TIF_TAGGED_ADDR 26 /* Allow tagged user addresses */ +#define TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP 27 /* Single-stepping in EL1. */ #define _TIF_SIGPENDING (1 << TIF_SIGPENDING) #define _TIF_NEED_RESCHED (1 << TIF_NEED_RESCHED) diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/asm-offsets.c index a5bdce8af65b..038e76d2f0c4 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/asm-offsets.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/asm-offsets.c @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ int main(void) DEFINE(S_PSTATE, offsetof(struct pt_regs, pstate)); DEFINE(S_PC, offsetof(struct pt_regs, pc)); DEFINE(S_SYSCALLNO, offsetof(struct pt_regs, syscallno)); + DEFINE(S_SS_ENABLE, offsetof(struct pt_regs, ss_enable)); DEFINE(S_ORIG_ADDR_LIMIT, offsetof(struct pt_regs, orig_addr_limit)); DEFINE(S_PMR_SAVE, offsetof(struct pt_regs, pmr_save)); DEFINE(S_STACKFRAME, offsetof(struct pt_regs, stackframe)); diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/debug-monitors.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/debug-monitors.c index 48222a4760c2..9260f1cfe985 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/debug-monitors.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/debug-monitors.c @@ -77,6 +77,14 @@ early_param("nodebugmon", early_debug_disable); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, mde_ref_count); static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, kde_ref_count); +/* + * The KDE bit must be set for hardware breakpoints or single stepping + * to work in the kernel. So when a kernel single-step finishes, it + * will clear the SS bit and the KDE bit. It uses the below to restore + * the KDE bit if we need it set for hardware breakpoints. + */ +DEFINE_PER_CPU_READ_MOSTLY(u64, mdscr_debug_bits); + void enable_debug_monitors(enum dbg_active_el el) { u32 mdscr, enable = 0; @@ -94,6 +102,7 @@ void enable_debug_monitors(enum dbg_active_el el) mdscr = mdscr_read(); mdscr |= enable; mdscr_write(mdscr); + __this_cpu_write(mdscr_debug_bits, mdscr & DBG_MDSCR_KDE); } } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(enable_debug_monitors); @@ -115,6 +124,7 @@ void disable_debug_monitors(enum dbg_active_el el) mdscr = mdscr_read(); mdscr &= disable; mdscr_write(mdscr); + __this_cpu_write(mdscr_debug_bits, mdscr & DBG_MDSCR_KDE); } } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(disable_debug_monitors); @@ -405,27 +415,66 @@ void user_fastforward_single_step(struct task_struct *task) } /* Kernel API */ + +/* + * The task that is currently being single-stepped. There can be only + * one. + */ +struct task_struct *single_step_task; + +/* + * Why, you may ask, does this have both regs->ss_enable and + * TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP to enable single stepping? The trouble lies + * in nested exceptions in the kernel. If an interrupt is pending + * when a single-step occurs, it will happen before the single step, + * and it will go through the el1 kernel entry. + * + * One scenario is that another exception may occur during this + * interrupt processing. If you only had TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP, single + * stepping would be enabled there, but that's the wrong place. So you + * have to rely on regs->ss_enabled to tell you if that is the case, + * since it won't be enabled in the second interrupt handler. + * + * A breakpoint may be hit during this interrupt, and the kernel will + * stop there. But if you only had regs->ss_enabled, you couldn't + * disable the single stepping since you have no idea where regs is + * you return from kgdb. So when it returned, it would hit the single + * step, and the kernel would die from an unknown single step source. + * So you have TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP to prevent that problem. The + * task being single-stepped is saved and the flag cleared when it is + * disabled. + * + * It would be nice to be able to use SPSR.SS instead of having a + * separate regs->ss_enable flag. However, some processors don't + * clear PSTATE.SS on an exception, so SPSR.SS will be set in + * subsequent exception handlers. + */ void kernel_enable_single_step(struct pt_regs *regs) { WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()); - set_regs_spsr_ss(regs); - mdscr_write(mdscr_read() | DBG_MDSCR_SS); - enable_debug_monitors(DBG_ACTIVE_EL1); + regs->ss_enable = DBG_MDSCR_SS; + set_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(current), TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP); + get_task_struct(current); + single_step_task = current; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kernel_enable_single_step); void kernel_disable_single_step(void) { WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()); - mdscr_write(mdscr_read() & ~DBG_MDSCR_SS); - disable_debug_monitors(DBG_ACTIVE_EL1); + if (single_step_task) { + clear_ti_thread_flag(task_thread_info(single_step_task), + TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP); + put_task_struct(single_step_task); + single_step_task = NULL; + } } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kernel_disable_single_step); int kernel_active_single_step(void) { WARN_ON(!irqs_disabled()); - return mdscr_read() & DBG_MDSCR_SS; + return single_step_task != NULL; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kernel_active_single_step); diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S index 9461d812ae27..336fc667bf04 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S @@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include /* * Context tracking subsystem. Used to instrument transitions @@ -191,6 +192,32 @@ alternative_cb_end mrs x23, spsr_el1 stp lr, x21, [sp, #S_LR] + .if \el != 0 + /* + * If single-step was enabled, save it off and disable it, + * or it will trap on enable_dbg. + * The restore code will re-enable it if necessary. + * Use the task flag to know if kernel single step might be enabled, + * not the mdscr value first, accessing mdscr in a VM is expensive. + * But the task flag MDSCR.SS must be set for it to be enabled, + * so that has to be checked, if the task flag is set. + */ + mov w21, #0 + ldr x20, [tsk, #TSK_TI_FLAGS] + tbz x20, #TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP, 1f + mrs x20, mdscr_el1 + tbz x20, #DBG_MDSCR_SS_BIT, 1f + ldr_this_cpu x19, mdscr_debug_bits, x21 + bic x20, x20, #DBG_MDSCR_SS + bic x20, x20, #DBG_MDSCR_KDE + orr x20, x20, x19 + msr mdscr_el1, x20 + mov w21, #DBG_MDSCR_SS +1: + str w21, [sp, #S_SS_ENABLE] + bic x23, x23, #DBG_SPSR_SS + .endif /* \el != 0 */ + /* * In order to be able to dump the contents of struct pt_regs at the * time the exception was taken (in case we attempt to walk the call @@ -344,6 +371,23 @@ alternative_else_nop_endif apply_ssbd 0, x0, x1 .endif + .if \el != 0 + /* Restore the single-step bit. */ + ldr w20, [sp, #S_SS_ENABLE] + tbz w20, #DBG_MDSCR_SS_BIT, 6f + ldr x20, [tsk, #TSK_TI_FLAGS] + tbz x20, #TIF_KERNEL_SINGLESTEP, 6f + disable_daif + mrs x20, mdscr_el1 + orr x20, x20, #DBG_MDSCR_SS // Enable single step + /* KDE must be set for SS in EL1 */ + orr x20, x20, #DBG_MDSCR_KDE + msr mdscr_el1, x20 + orr x22, x22, #DBG_SPSR_SS +6: + /* PSTATE.D and PSTATE.SS will be restored from SPSR_EL1. */ + .endif + msr elr_el1, x21 // set up the return data msr spsr_el1, x22 ldp x0, x1, [sp, #16 * 0] diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/kgdb.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/kgdb.c index 43119922341f..5b40f190f455 100644 --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/kgdb.c +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/kgdb.c @@ -221,8 +221,10 @@ int kgdb_arch_handle_exception(int exception_vector, int signo, /* * Enable single step handling */ - if (!kernel_active_single_step()) - kernel_enable_single_step(linux_regs); + if (kernel_active_single_step()) + /* Clear out the old one */ + kernel_disable_single_step(); + kernel_enable_single_step(linux_regs); err = 0; break; default: