From patchwork Tue Oct 16 03:01:47 2018 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Masahiro Yamada X-Patchwork-Id: 10642647 Return-Path: Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.125]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id B928814E2 for ; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:03:13 +0000 (UTC) Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id A6C5E29E87 for ; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:03:13 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix, from userid 486) id 9AEAA29EBF; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:03:13 +0000 (UTC) X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.3.1 (2010-03-16) on pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-2.9 required=2.0 tests=BAYES_00,DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID,MAILING_LIST_MULTI,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE autolearn=ham version=3.3.1 Received: from bombadil.infradead.org (bombadil.infradead.org [198.137.202.133]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 27D5E29E87 for ; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:03:13 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=lists.infradead.org; s=bombadil.20170209; h=Sender: Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-Type:MIME-Version:Cc:List-Subscribe: List-Help:List-Post:List-Archive:List-Unsubscribe:List-Id:References: In-Reply-To:Message-Id:Date:Subject:To:From:Reply-To:Content-ID: Content-Description:Resent-Date:Resent-From:Resent-Sender:Resent-To:Resent-Cc :Resent-Message-ID:List-Owner; bh=MfY5UAOxRSUIoeWLS52GqAbkrGlCjHEddx+y/ijFVLk=; b=EIvP/O9yP2jzwq8mcfo38VQXMs BhPv2tV5ycQ/spcwUbysaMTbaPBkT7MVqWFO4ScxvhxATKLCCBVjcutWE30nx5U1JjpHAPQWKEr/w ldtOnImIsn1QfI+FI/tjycwfgMkuDPRhmFFYLkgToPYuGDm17fYMkOfqUcCXdwJ7HnUsvS/akDQM4 lL5RjXowBat/ov++ET0d9rfBhsf/bbl7mw5z5pomWebp3Ug18efHmIlRO+C0ZQ448L1ufPhWYLZg4 ZEhm9MxxxECTIHwzdAswpk9XD8E6hMfu4lNBo5/HOTu+riwU9bAfCkS7afTi3yDU5zqEXYX+nwKDz VCZ9202Q==; Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=bombadil.infradead.org) by bombadil.infradead.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1 #2 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1gCFdL-0008IS-Gk; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:02:59 +0000 Received: from conuserg-12.nifty.com ([210.131.2.79]) by bombadil.infradead.org with esmtps (Exim 4.90_1 #2 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1gCFce-0007xV-NZ for linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:02:18 +0000 Received: from pug.e01.socionext.com (p14092-ipngnfx01kyoto.kyoto.ocn.ne.jp [153.142.97.92]) (authenticated) by conuserg-12.nifty.com with ESMTP id w9G31q7E017707; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 12:01:53 +0900 DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.10.3 conuserg-12.nifty.com w9G31q7E017707 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=nifty.com; s=dec2015msa; t=1539658913; bh=8mve5wKKHLT57E+Sp7ZGGe3P0Plrd/MS1fwKPvtPSt8=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=LTjHPHS2jUAIvbnoEx2x8kABx7XncEYbGUAOSlKcjGjbxYlC7+hSSbuPsGYZAVFaj dsCEglEGxJ5JhAErLe8S1GE0CrKGgUX30kcfs9Nfp/6K3YNVltTBomCJ9Rvwn028rd X8hnZ/WiKodJSUjrT4aCFl/RlcRrr1obzFTQ9nseYFcdQr3CeGLgvZBNQPwX6Cu7XM xM4VTN4vmwtOW5tNy8F0ksR21EMIm6HiNZMaZyjYL1uWCHEekrhr1AQcHXdqS3Mavs nXFG6iq1BgETiRjB2/XKpmfJ2WEvfDmjRT8v2QQQ7E6BYJheMBB8hzWqBGokk0HxDJ orLyuaR2T1YAA== X-Nifty-SrcIP: [153.142.97.92] From: Masahiro Yamada To: Wolfram Sang , linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH 1/3] i2c: uniphier-f: make driver robust against concurrency Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 12:01:47 +0900 Message-Id: <1539658909-26691-2-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.7.4 In-Reply-To: <1539658909-26691-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> References: <1539658909-26691-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> X-CRM114-Version: 20100106-BlameMichelson ( TRE 0.8.0 (BSD) ) MR-646709E3 X-CRM114-CacheID: sfid-20181015_200217_113559_6E2CF79A X-CRM114-Status: GOOD ( 11.82 ) X-BeenThere: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.21 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Masahiro Yamada , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Sender: "linux-arm-kernel" Errors-To: linux-arm-kernel-bounces+patchwork-linux-arm=patchwork.kernel.org@lists.infradead.org X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP This is unlikely to happen, but it is possible for a CPU to enter the interrupt handler just after wait_for_completion_timeout() has expired. If this happens, the hardware is accessed from multiple contexts concurrently. Disable the IRQ after wait_for_completion_timeout(), and do nothing from the handler when the IRQ is disabled. Fixes: 6a62974b667f ("i2c: uniphier_f: add UniPhier FIFO-builtin I2C driver") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada --- drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c | 17 ++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c index a403e85..200dfd1 100644 --- a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c +++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ struct uniphier_fi2c_priv { unsigned int flags; unsigned int busy_cnt; unsigned int clk_cycle; + spinlock_t lock; /* IRQ synchronization */ }; static void uniphier_fi2c_fill_txfifo(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv, @@ -162,7 +163,10 @@ static irqreturn_t uniphier_fi2c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv = dev_id; u32 irq_status; + spin_lock(&priv->lock); + irq_status = readl(priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_INT); + irq_status &= priv->enabled_irqs; dev_dbg(&priv->adap.dev, "interrupt: enabled_irqs=%04x, irq_status=%04x\n", @@ -230,6 +234,8 @@ static irqreturn_t uniphier_fi2c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) goto handled; } + spin_unlock(&priv->lock); + return IRQ_NONE; data_done: @@ -246,6 +252,8 @@ static irqreturn_t uniphier_fi2c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) handled: uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(priv); + spin_unlock(&priv->lock); + return IRQ_HANDLED; } @@ -311,7 +319,7 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(struct i2c_adapter *adap, { struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv = i2c_get_adapdata(adap); bool is_read = msg->flags & I2C_M_RD; - unsigned long time_left; + unsigned long time_left, flags; dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "%s: addr=0x%02x, len=%d, stop=%d\n", is_read ? "receive" : "transmit", msg->addr, msg->len, stop); @@ -342,6 +350,12 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(struct i2c_adapter *adap, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR); time_left = wait_for_completion_timeout(&priv->comp, adap->timeout); + + spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); + priv->enabled_irqs = 0; + uniphier_fi2c_set_irqs(priv); + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); + if (!time_left) { dev_err(&adap->dev, "transaction timeout.\n"); uniphier_fi2c_recover(priv); @@ -529,6 +543,7 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) priv->clk_cycle = clk_rate / bus_speed; init_completion(&priv->comp); + spin_lock_init(&priv->lock); priv->adap.owner = THIS_MODULE; priv->adap.algo = &uniphier_fi2c_algo; priv->adap.dev.parent = dev; From patchwork Tue Oct 16 03:01:48 2018 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Masahiro Yamada X-Patchwork-Id: 10642657 Return-Path: Received: from mail.wl.linuxfoundation.org (pdx-wl-mail.web.codeaurora.org [172.30.200.125]) by pdx-korg-patchwork-2.web.codeaurora.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id F388914E2 for ; 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a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=nifty.com; s=dec2015msa; t=1539658914; bh=0jExx5vDSGpy/qM7ZAif6aEaMMZKi5fc6yONUDddKPc=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=wFAcg1yhovR2BD7Pa1BaDM4Iwz5LBV8e8+Scpc+tokw5T1tsVE+y0f4GF3PfuaFYW ALMTN4QAsCTmGD548ePzCImxsg7YQ89yWEEHheqmeByeO9wrq4DPAXBuKFYFCnlyWK 7ezAJf4tV1ttEVMsvIi+vYxuqCDHzBRfK8MrpuLGAtc15d1MNdC1sXPAoqMCw6WZu8 VIyrMhOCHqo0yvFRZqoN1koxjhwQbSOL/5EbbMx41qaQzUxoqGxqT5M396Ly4FGiUU 3mpUrT63Xx7lwxnKKvZJ5o55eFL3gXtPQcefyuhsV7EwbuMQk6KUPDlRJwN6Lovt8E DA/jlMzPRkUyA== X-Nifty-SrcIP: [153.142.97.92] From: Masahiro Yamada To: Wolfram Sang , linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH 2/3] i2c: uniphier-f: fix occasional timeout error Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 12:01:48 +0900 Message-Id: <1539658909-26691-3-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.7.4 In-Reply-To: <1539658909-26691-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> References: <1539658909-26691-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> X-CRM114-Version: 20100106-BlameMichelson ( TRE 0.8.0 (BSD) ) MR-646709E3 X-CRM114-CacheID: sfid-20181015_200217_131410_06E48CD9 X-CRM114-Status: GOOD ( 16.81 ) X-BeenThere: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.21 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Masahiro Yamada , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Sender: "linux-arm-kernel" Errors-To: linux-arm-kernel-bounces+patchwork-linux-arm=patchwork.kernel.org@lists.infradead.org X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP Currently, a timeout error could happen at a repeated START condition. For a (non-repeated) START condition, the controller starts sending data when the UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR_STA bit is set. However, for a repeated START condition, the hardware starts running when the slave address is written to the TX FIFO - the write to the UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR register is actually unneeded. Because the hardware is already running before the IRQ is enabled for a repeated START, the driver may miss the IRQ event. In most cases, this problem does not show up since modern CPUs are much faster than the I2C transfer. However, it is still possible that a context switch happens after the controller starts, but before the IRQ register is set up. To fix this, - Do not write UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR for repeated START conditions. - Enable IRQ *before* writing the slave address to the TX FIFO. - Disable IRQ for the current CPU while queuing up the TX FIFO; If the CPU is interrupted by some task, the interrupt handler might be invoked due to the empty TX FIFO before completing the setup. Fixes: 6a62974b667f ("i2c: uniphier_f: add UniPhier FIFO-builtin I2C driver") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada --- drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c index 200dfd1..0677153 100644 --- a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c +++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c @@ -260,6 +260,8 @@ static irqreturn_t uniphier_fi2c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) static void uniphier_fi2c_tx_init(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv, u16 addr) { priv->enabled_irqs |= UNIPHIER_FI2C_INT_TE; + uniphier_fi2c_set_irqs(priv); + /* do not use TX byte counter */ writel(0, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_TBC); /* set slave address */ @@ -292,6 +294,8 @@ static void uniphier_fi2c_rx_init(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv, u16 addr) priv->enabled_irqs |= UNIPHIER_FI2C_INT_RF; } + uniphier_fi2c_set_irqs(priv); + /* set slave address with RD bit */ writel(UNIPHIER_FI2C_DTTX_CMD | UNIPHIER_FI2C_DTTX_RD | addr << 1, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_DTTX); @@ -315,14 +319,16 @@ static void uniphier_fi2c_recover(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv) } static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(struct i2c_adapter *adap, - struct i2c_msg *msg, bool stop) + struct i2c_msg *msg, bool repeat, + bool stop) { struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv = i2c_get_adapdata(adap); bool is_read = msg->flags & I2C_M_RD; unsigned long time_left, flags; - dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "%s: addr=0x%02x, len=%d, stop=%d\n", - is_read ? "receive" : "transmit", msg->addr, msg->len, stop); + dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "%s: addr=0x%02x, len=%d, repeat=%d, stop=%d\n", + is_read ? "receive" : "transmit", msg->addr, msg->len, + repeat, stop); priv->len = msg->len; priv->buf = msg->buf; @@ -338,16 +344,24 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(struct i2c_adapter *adap, writel(UNIPHIER_FI2C_RST_TBRST | UNIPHIER_FI2C_RST_RBRST, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_RST); /* reset TX/RX FIFO */ + spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags); + if (is_read) uniphier_fi2c_rx_init(priv, msg->addr); else uniphier_fi2c_tx_init(priv, msg->addr); - uniphier_fi2c_set_irqs(priv); - dev_dbg(&adap->dev, "start condition\n"); - writel(UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR_MST | UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR_STA, - priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR); + /* + * For a repeated START condition, writing a slave address to the FIFO + * kicks the controller. So, the UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR register should be + * written only for a non-repeated START condition. + */ + if (!repeat) + writel(UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR_MST | UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR_STA, + priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_CR); + + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags); time_left = wait_for_completion_timeout(&priv->comp, adap->timeout); @@ -408,6 +422,7 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num) { struct i2c_msg *msg, *emsg = msgs + num; + bool repeat = false; int ret; ret = uniphier_fi2c_check_bus_busy(adap); @@ -418,9 +433,11 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, /* Emit STOP if it is the last message or I2C_M_STOP is set. */ bool stop = (msg + 1 == emsg) || (msg->flags & I2C_M_STOP); - ret = uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(adap, msg, stop); + ret = uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(adap, msg, repeat, stop); if (ret) return ret; + + repeat = !stop; } return num; From patchwork Tue Oct 16 03:01:49 2018 Content-Type: text/plain; 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Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:04:28 +0000 Received: from conuserg-12.nifty.com ([210.131.2.79]) by bombadil.infradead.org with esmtps (Exim 4.90_1 #2 (Red Hat Linux)) id 1gCFce-0007xX-Nb for linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 03:02:21 +0000 Received: from pug.e01.socionext.com (p14092-ipngnfx01kyoto.kyoto.ocn.ne.jp [153.142.97.92]) (authenticated) by conuserg-12.nifty.com with ESMTP id w9G31q7G017707; Tue, 16 Oct 2018 12:01:54 +0900 DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.10.3 conuserg-12.nifty.com w9G31q7G017707 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=nifty.com; s=dec2015msa; t=1539658914; bh=ZxktTlt0uvBW/TQJyZzElfrrpdv27cPqcb9+fDo0GgM=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=O/pPABwgfSvRnjkopXRsQUdWzrIAHkbAUdbQNhHlVgefn9NPMp14lL7gsML0hd6Dh ogp+Z4+ChZpj4yBhaPslRuHowITUNaSHhADxeV5d2e4djxo6xteMNDBkqmF8SDRukf wi2PqaWt0gL/aTDm150hvr8UU2fgSx6dfCo7f1GmkHnB1/6PICv+gX4aPUsS3XHUmt Wra/UA89rU4WEC4e1E76jzhe6jSAzX8DZQj7JqW0TMk5iNl55TUatoR/7bGCQpCV7l sy8fbgvRQ6Wzi5NJthgzngpEVLA5mC2LEaz5Vqymm9qVx79ZE26EmXD+8W0CbHR50r zn2Xt7bpNy2Vg== X-Nifty-SrcIP: [153.142.97.92] From: Masahiro Yamada To: Wolfram Sang , linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH 3/3] i2c: uniphier-f: fix race condition when IRQ is cleared Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2018 12:01:49 +0900 Message-Id: <1539658909-26691-4-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.7.4 In-Reply-To: <1539658909-26691-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> References: <1539658909-26691-1-git-send-email-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> X-CRM114-Version: 20100106-BlameMichelson ( TRE 0.8.0 (BSD) ) MR-646709E3 X-CRM114-CacheID: sfid-20181015_200217_127404_5D373E54 X-CRM114-Status: GOOD ( 11.44 ) X-BeenThere: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.21 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: Masahiro Yamada , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org MIME-Version: 1.0 Sender: "linux-arm-kernel" Errors-To: linux-arm-kernel-bounces+patchwork-linux-arm=patchwork.kernel.org@lists.infradead.org X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP The current IRQ handler clears all the IRQ status bits when it bails out. This is dangerous because it might clear away the status bits that have just been set while processing the current handler. If this happens, the IRQ event for the latest transfer is lost forever. The IRQ status bits must be cleared *before* the next transfer is kicked. Fixes: 6a62974b667f ("i2c: uniphier_f: add UniPhier FIFO-builtin I2C driver") Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada --- drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c | 11 ++++++----- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c index 0677153..dd38474 100644 --- a/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c +++ b/drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-uniphier-f.c @@ -143,9 +143,10 @@ static void uniphier_fi2c_set_irqs(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv) writel(priv->enabled_irqs, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_IE); } -static void uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv) +static void uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv, + u32 mask) { - writel(-1, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_IC); + writel(mask, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_IC); } static void uniphier_fi2c_stop(struct uniphier_fi2c_priv *priv) @@ -172,6 +173,8 @@ static irqreturn_t uniphier_fi2c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) "interrupt: enabled_irqs=%04x, irq_status=%04x\n", priv->enabled_irqs, irq_status); + uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(priv, irq_status); + if (irq_status & UNIPHIER_FI2C_INT_STOP) goto complete; @@ -250,8 +253,6 @@ static irqreturn_t uniphier_fi2c_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) } handled: - uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(priv); - spin_unlock(&priv->lock); return IRQ_HANDLED; @@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ static int uniphier_fi2c_master_xfer_one(struct i2c_adapter *adap, priv->flags |= UNIPHIER_FI2C_STOP; reinit_completion(&priv->comp); - uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(priv); + uniphier_fi2c_clear_irqs(priv, U32_MAX); writel(UNIPHIER_FI2C_RST_TBRST | UNIPHIER_FI2C_RST_RBRST, priv->membase + UNIPHIER_FI2C_RST); /* reset TX/RX FIFO */