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} +/* + * User space can randomly change their names anyway, so locking for readers + * doesn't make sense. For writers, locking is probably necessary, as a race + * condition could lead to long-term mixed results. + */ char *__get_task_comm(char *buf, size_t buf_size, struct task_struct *tsk) { - task_lock(tsk); /* Always NUL terminated and zero-padded */ strscpy_pad(buf, tsk->comm, buf_size); - task_unlock(tsk); return buf; } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__get_task_comm); diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index c75fd46506df..56a927393a38 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ struct task_struct { * * - normally initialized setup_new_exec() * - access it with [gs]et_task_comm() - * - lock it with task_lock() + * - lock it with task_lock() for writing */ char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; From patchwork Sun Jun 2 02:37:50 2024 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yafang Shao X-Patchwork-Id: 13682639 X-Patchwork-Delegate: paul@paul-moore.com Received: from mail-pg1-f173.google.com (mail-pg1-f173.google.com [209.85.215.173]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id A7BC44C81; 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Sat, 01 Jun 2024 19:38:27 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([39.144.45.187]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d9443c01a7336-1f6323ea21csm39379575ad.202.2024.06.01.19.38.20 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Sat, 01 Jun 2024 19:38:27 -0700 (PDT) From: Yafang Shao To: torvalds@linux-foundation.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org, audit@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, selinux@vger.kernel.org, bpf@vger.kernel.org, Yafang Shao , Steven Rostedt , Masami Hiramatsu , Mathieu Desnoyers Subject: [PATCH 2/6] tracing: Replace memcpy() with __get_task_comm() Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2024 10:37:50 +0800 Message-Id: <20240602023754.25443-3-laoar.shao@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.1 (Apple Git-130) In-Reply-To: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> References: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: selinux@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Using __get_task_comm() to read the task comm ensures that the name is always NUL-terminated, regardless of the source string. This approach also facilitates future extensions to the task comm. Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao Cc: Steven Rostedt Cc: Masami Hiramatsu Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers --- include/linux/tracepoint.h | 4 ++-- include/trace/events/block.h | 10 +++++----- include/trace/events/oom.h | 2 +- include/trace/events/osnoise.h | 2 +- include/trace/events/sched.h | 27 ++++++++++++++------------- include/trace/events/signal.h | 2 +- include/trace/events/task.h | 4 ++-- 7 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/tracepoint.h b/include/linux/tracepoint.h index 689b6d71590e..6381824d8107 100644 --- a/include/linux/tracepoint.h +++ b/include/linux/tracepoint.h @@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ static inline struct tracepoint *tracepoint_ptr_deref(tracepoint_ptr_t *p) * * * * TP_fast_assign( - * memcpy(__entry->next_comm, next->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + * __get_task_comm(__entry->next_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, next); * __entry->prev_pid = prev->pid; * __entry->prev_prio = prev->prio; - * memcpy(__entry->prev_comm, prev->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + * __get_task_comm(__entry->prev_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, prev); * __entry->next_pid = next->pid; * __entry->next_prio = next->prio; * ), diff --git a/include/trace/events/block.h b/include/trace/events/block.h index 0e128ad51460..6f8c5d0014e6 100644 --- a/include/trace/events/block.h +++ b/include/trace/events/block.h @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(block_rq, blk_fill_rwbs(__entry->rwbs, rq->cmd_flags); __get_str(cmd)[0] = '\0'; - memcpy(__entry->comm, current->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, current); ), TP_printk("%d,%d %s %u (%s) %llu + %u [%s]", @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(block_bio, __entry->sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector; __entry->nr_sector = bio_sectors(bio); blk_fill_rwbs(__entry->rwbs, bio->bi_opf); - memcpy(__entry->comm, current->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, current); ), TP_printk("%d,%d %s %llu + %u [%s]", @@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(block_plug, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, current->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, current); ), TP_printk("[%s]", __entry->comm) @@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(block_unplug, TP_fast_assign( __entry->nr_rq = depth; - memcpy(__entry->comm, current->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, current); ), TP_printk("[%s] %d", __entry->comm, __entry->nr_rq) @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(block_split, __entry->sector = bio->bi_iter.bi_sector; __entry->new_sector = new_sector; blk_fill_rwbs(__entry->rwbs, bio->bi_opf); - memcpy(__entry->comm, current->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, current); ), TP_printk("%d,%d %s %llu / %llu [%s]", diff --git a/include/trace/events/oom.h b/include/trace/events/oom.h index b799f3bcba82..f29be9ebcd4d 100644 --- a/include/trace/events/oom.h +++ b/include/trace/events/oom.h @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(oom_score_adj_update, TP_fast_assign( __entry->pid = task->pid; - memcpy(__entry->comm, task->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, task); __entry->oom_score_adj = task->signal->oom_score_adj; ), diff --git a/include/trace/events/osnoise.h b/include/trace/events/osnoise.h index 82f741ec0f57..50f480655722 100644 --- a/include/trace/events/osnoise.h +++ b/include/trace/events/osnoise.h @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(thread_noise, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, t->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, t); __entry->pid = t->pid; __entry->start = start; __entry->duration = duration; diff --git a/include/trace/events/sched.h b/include/trace/events/sched.h index 68973f650c26..2a9d7c62c58a 100644 --- a/include/trace/events/sched.h +++ b/include/trace/events/sched.h @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ #include #include #include +#include /* * Tracepoint for calling kthread_stop, performed to end a kthread: @@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_kthread_stop, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, t->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, t); __entry->pid = t->pid; ), @@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(sched_wakeup_template, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, p->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, p); __entry->pid = p->pid; __entry->prio = p->prio; /* XXX SCHED_DEADLINE */ __entry->target_cpu = task_cpu(p); @@ -239,11 +240,11 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_switch, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->next_comm, next->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->next_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, next); __entry->prev_pid = prev->pid; __entry->prev_prio = prev->prio; __entry->prev_state = __trace_sched_switch_state(preempt, prev_state, prev); - memcpy(__entry->prev_comm, prev->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->prev_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, prev); __entry->next_pid = next->pid; __entry->next_prio = next->prio; /* XXX SCHED_DEADLINE */ @@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_migrate_task, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, p->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, p); __entry->pid = p->pid; __entry->prio = p->prio; /* XXX SCHED_DEADLINE */ __entry->orig_cpu = task_cpu(p); @@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(sched_process_template, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, p->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, p); __entry->pid = p->pid; __entry->prio = p->prio; /* XXX SCHED_DEADLINE */ ), @@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_process_wait, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, current->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, current); __entry->pid = pid_nr(pid); __entry->prio = current->prio; /* XXX SCHED_DEADLINE */ ), @@ -383,9 +384,9 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_process_fork, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->parent_comm, parent->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->parent_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, parent); __entry->parent_pid = parent->pid; - memcpy(__entry->child_comm, child->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->child_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, child); __entry->child_pid = child->pid; ), @@ -481,7 +482,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS_SCHEDSTAT(sched_stat_template, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, tsk->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, tsk); __entry->pid = tsk->pid; __entry->delay = delay; ), @@ -539,7 +540,7 @@ DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(sched_stat_runtime, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, tsk->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, tsk); __entry->pid = tsk->pid; __entry->runtime = runtime; ), @@ -571,7 +572,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_pi_setprio, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, tsk->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, tsk); __entry->pid = tsk->pid; __entry->oldprio = tsk->prio; __entry->newprio = pi_task ? @@ -596,7 +597,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(sched_process_hang, ), TP_fast_assign( - memcpy(__entry->comm, tsk->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, tsk); __entry->pid = tsk->pid; ), diff --git a/include/trace/events/signal.h b/include/trace/events/signal.h index 1db7e4b07c01..8f317a265392 100644 --- a/include/trace/events/signal.h +++ b/include/trace/events/signal.h @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(signal_generate, TP_fast_assign( __entry->sig = sig; TP_STORE_SIGINFO(__entry, info); - memcpy(__entry->comm, task->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, task); __entry->pid = task->pid; __entry->group = group; __entry->result = result; diff --git a/include/trace/events/task.h b/include/trace/events/task.h index 47b527464d1a..77c14707460e 100644 --- a/include/trace/events/task.h +++ b/include/trace/events/task.h @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(task_newtask, TP_fast_assign( __entry->pid = task->pid; - memcpy(__entry->comm, task->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, task); __entry->clone_flags = clone_flags; __entry->oom_score_adj = task->signal->oom_score_adj; ), @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(task_rename, TP_fast_assign( __entry->pid = task->pid; - memcpy(entry->oldcomm, task->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(entry->oldcomm, TASK_COMM_LEN, task); strscpy(entry->newcomm, comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); __entry->oom_score_adj = task->signal->oom_score_adj; ), From patchwork Sun Jun 2 02:37:51 2024 Content-Type: text/plain; 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This approach also facilitates future extensions to the task comm. Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao Cc: Paul Moore Cc: Eric Paris Acked-by: Paul Moore --- kernel/auditsc.c | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/kernel/auditsc.c b/kernel/auditsc.c index 6f0d6fb6523f..0459a141dc86 100644 --- a/kernel/auditsc.c +++ b/kernel/auditsc.c @@ -2730,7 +2730,7 @@ void __audit_ptrace(struct task_struct *t) context->target_uid = task_uid(t); context->target_sessionid = audit_get_sessionid(t); security_task_getsecid_obj(t, &context->target_sid); - memcpy(context->target_comm, t->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(context->target_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, t); } /** @@ -2757,7 +2757,7 @@ int audit_signal_info_syscall(struct task_struct *t) ctx->target_uid = t_uid; ctx->target_sessionid = audit_get_sessionid(t); security_task_getsecid_obj(t, &ctx->target_sid); - memcpy(ctx->target_comm, t->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(ctx->target_comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, t); return 0; } @@ -2778,7 +2778,7 @@ int audit_signal_info_syscall(struct task_struct *t) axp->target_uid[axp->pid_count] = t_uid; 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Hallyn" , Stephen Smalley , Ondrej Mosnacek Subject: [PATCH 4/6] security: Replace memcpy() with __get_task_comm() Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2024 10:37:52 +0800 Message-Id: <20240602023754.25443-5-laoar.shao@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.1 (Apple Git-130) In-Reply-To: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> References: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: selinux@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Quoted from Linus [0]: selinux never wanted a lock, and never wanted any kind of *consistent* result, it just wanted a *stable* result. Using __get_task_comm() to read the task comm ensures that the name is always NUL-terminated, regardless of the source string. This approach also facilitates future extensions to the task comm. Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao LINK: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wivfrF0_zvf+oj6==Sh=-npJooP8chLPEfaFV0oNYTTBA@mail.gmail.com/ [0] Cc: Paul Moore Cc: James Morris Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" Cc: Stephen Smalley Cc: Ondrej Mosnacek Acked-by: Paul Moore --- security/lsm_audit.c | 4 ++-- security/selinux/selinuxfs.c | 2 +- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/security/lsm_audit.c b/security/lsm_audit.c index 849e832719e2..a922e4339dd5 100644 --- a/security/lsm_audit.c +++ b/security/lsm_audit.c @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ static void dump_common_audit_data(struct audit_buffer *ab, BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(a->u) > sizeof(void *)*2); audit_log_format(ab, " pid=%d comm=", task_tgid_nr(current)); - audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, memcpy(comm, current->comm, sizeof(comm))); + audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, __get_task_comm(comm, sizeof(comm), current)); switch (a->type) { case LSM_AUDIT_DATA_NONE: @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ static void dump_common_audit_data(struct audit_buffer *ab, char comm[sizeof(tsk->comm)]; audit_log_format(ab, " opid=%d ocomm=", pid); audit_log_untrustedstring(ab, - memcpy(comm, tsk->comm, sizeof(comm))); + __get_task_comm(comm, sizeof(comm), tsk)); } } break; diff --git a/security/selinux/selinuxfs.c b/security/selinux/selinuxfs.c index e172f182b65c..a8a2ec742576 100644 --- a/security/selinux/selinuxfs.c +++ b/security/selinux/selinuxfs.c @@ -708,7 +708,7 @@ static ssize_t sel_write_checkreqprot(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, if (new_value) { char comm[sizeof(current->comm)]; - memcpy(comm, current->comm, sizeof(comm)); + __get_task_comm(comm, sizeof(comm), current); pr_err("SELinux: %s (%d) set checkreqprot to 1. 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Sat, 01 Jun 2024 19:38:54 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([39.144.45.187]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d9443c01a7336-1f6323ea21csm39379575ad.202.2024.06.01.19.38.45 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Sat, 01 Jun 2024 19:38:54 -0700 (PDT) From: Yafang Shao To: torvalds@linux-foundation.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org, audit@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, selinux@vger.kernel.org, bpf@vger.kernel.org, Yafang Shao , Quentin Monnet Subject: [PATCH 5/6] bpftool: Make task comm always be NUL-terminated Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2024 10:37:53 +0800 Message-Id: <20240602023754.25443-6-laoar.shao@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.1 (Apple Git-130) In-Reply-To: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> References: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: selinux@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Let's explicitly ensure the destination string is NUL-terminated. This way, it won't be affected by changes to the source string. Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao Cc: Quentin Monnet Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet --- tools/bpf/bpftool/pids.c | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/pids.c b/tools/bpf/bpftool/pids.c index 9b898571b49e..23f488cf1740 100644 --- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/pids.c +++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/pids.c @@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ static void add_ref(struct hashmap *map, struct pid_iter_entry *e) ref = &refs->refs[refs->ref_cnt]; ref->pid = e->pid; memcpy(ref->comm, e->comm, sizeof(ref->comm)); + ref->comm[sizeof(ref->comm) - 1] = '\0'; refs->ref_cnt++; return; @@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ static void add_ref(struct hashmap *map, struct pid_iter_entry *e) ref = &refs->refs[0]; ref->pid = e->pid; memcpy(ref->comm, e->comm, sizeof(ref->comm)); + ref->comm[sizeof(ref->comm) - 1] = '\0'; refs->ref_cnt = 1; refs->has_bpf_cookie = e->has_bpf_cookie; refs->bpf_cookie = e->bpf_cookie; From patchwork Sun Jun 2 02:46:58 2024 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Yafang Shao X-Patchwork-Id: 13682649 X-Patchwork-Delegate: paul@paul-moore.com Received: from mail-ot1-f41.google.com (mail-ot1-f41.google.com [209.85.210.41]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id C08511859; 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Sat, 01 Jun 2024 19:47:16 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([39.144.45.187]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 41be03b00d2f7-6c353f0aef3sm3289959a12.10.2024.06.01.19.47.10 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Sat, 01 Jun 2024 19:47:16 -0700 (PDT) From: Yafang Shao To: laoar.shao@gmail.com, torvalds@linux-foundation.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-trace-kernel@vger.kernel.org, audit@vger.kernel.org, linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org, selinux@vger.kernel.org, bpf@vger.kernel.org, Andrii Nakryiko , Eduard Zingerman , Mykola Lysenko Subject: [PATCH 6/6] selftests/bpf: Replace memcpy() with __get_task_comm() Date: Sun, 2 Jun 2024 10:46:58 +0800 Message-Id: <20240602024658.25922-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.30.1 (Apple Git-130) In-Reply-To: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> References: <20240602023754.25443-1-laoar.shao@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: selinux@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Using __get_task_comm() to read the task comm ensures that the name is always NUL-terminated, regardless of the source string. This approach also facilitates future extensions to the task comm. Signed-off-by: Yafang Shao Cc: Andrii Nakryiko Cc: Eduard Zingerman Cc: Mykola Lysenko --- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod-events.h | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod-events.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod-events.h index 11ee801e75e7..e5df95b56c53 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod-events.h +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/bpf_testmod/bpf_testmod-events.h @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(bpf_testmod_test_read, ), TP_fast_assign( __entry->pid = task->pid; - memcpy(__entry->comm, task->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN); + __get_task_comm(__entry->comm, TASK_COMM_LEN, task); __entry->off = ctx->off; __entry->len = ctx->len; ),